133,167 research outputs found
Verlauf der ökonomischen Entwicklung einer Dualvolkswirtschaft in der Phase der endogenen Lohnbestimmung: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Probleme der Energieverteuerung und Devisenknappheit
Get PDFChen J-ren. Verlauf der ökonomischen Entwicklung einer Dualvolkswirtschaft in der Phase der endogenen Lohnbestimmung: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Probleme der Energieverteuerung und Devisenknappheit. Working Papers. Institute of Mathematical Economics. Vol 76. Bielefeld: Center for Mathematical Economics; 1979
Die Entwicklung der "Terms of Trade" der Entwicklungsländer von 1960 bis 1975: eine ökonometrische Untersuchung
Get PDFChen J-ren. Die Entwicklung der "Terms of Trade" der Entwicklungsländer von 1960 bis 1975: eine ökonometrische Untersuchung. Working Papers. Institute of Mathematical Economics. Vol 52. Bielefeld: Center for Mathematical Economics; 1977
Eine ökonometrische Untersuchung über die Auswirkungen der Importhemmnisse der Industrieländer für die Industrieerzeugnisse der Dritten Welt auf die ökonomische Entwicklung der Entwicklungsländer: eine Fallstudie Taiwans
Get PDFChen J-ren. Eine ökonometrische Untersuchung über die Auswirkungen der Importhemmnisse der Industrieländer für die Industrieerzeugnisse der Dritten Welt auf die ökonomische Entwicklung der Entwicklungsländer: eine Fallstudie Taiwans. Working Papers. Institute of Mathematical Economics. Vol 97. Bielefeld: Center for Mathematical Economics; 1980
Chao Yuen Ren (1892–1982)
No full textY. R. Chao is easily the most famous linguist to have come out of China. Born before the end of the last dynasty in China, he received a traditional Confucian education, but was also one of the first Chinese people to be sent to the West for training in modern Western science (under the Boxer Indemnity Fund). The remarkable breadth and scope of his studies included physics, mathematics, linguistics, musical and literary composition, and translation, and he was a pioneer in many of these fields
Vescisalignus indecorus Chen, Yao & Ren, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Vescisalignus indecorus</i> Chen, Yao & Ren, sp. nov. <p>(Figures 1–3)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> As for genus.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Length of body 3.6 times of the width. Head trilateral, width subequal to length, almost as long as pronotum. Head slightly shorter than pronotum, compound eyes somewhat prominent, spherical, widely separated; two ocelli relatively small and well elevated on a tubercle; antenna subequal to third of the body, 4-segmented, first segment shortest, second longest, every segment uniformly slender; rostrum extending to mesocoxae. Collar present, not depressed. Pronotum nearly trapeziform with sinuous flanks, 1.7 times as wide as long. Fore and mid legs subequal in length, hind legs much longer than mid legs; femora short and stout, corresponding tibiae distinctly slenderer and longer than femora, tarsi shorter than half length of corresponding tibiae, tarsi trimerous. Base of membrane with a black comma-like marking. Abdomen oval, spiracle conspicuous.</p> <p> <b>Dimensions</b> (in mm): Body length 6.06–7.94 (♂), 6.68–8.11 (♀); maximum width of body 1.70–2.30 (♂), 1.84–2.63 (♀); maximum width of abdomen 1.89–2.52 (♂), 2.38–2.88 (♀); length of head 0.98–1.44 (♂), 0.98–1.36 (♀), width 0.75–1.25 (♂), 0.78–1.04 (♀); length of antennal segments I −IV: 0.14–0.21, 0.80–0.98, 0.79–0.97, 0.64–0.80 (♂), 0.14–0.18, 0.70–0.90, 0.68–0.89, 0.65–0.81 (♀); length of rostral: 3.18–3.66 (♂), 3.63– 4.01 (♀); length of pronotum 0.89–1.57 (♂), 1.31–2.08 (♀), width 0.93–1.81 (♂), 0.73–1.23 (♀); length of fore leg: femur 0.96–1.20 (♂), 0.98–1.14 (♀), tibia 1.19–1.27 (♂), 0.98–1.18 (♀), tarsomeres I −III: 0.25–0.29, 0.25– 0.27, 0.17–0.22 (♂), 0.12–0.15, 0.18–0.20, 0.16–0.18 (♀); length of middle leg: femur 0.32–1.44 (♂), 1.30–1.35 (♀), tibia 1.11–1.23 (♂), 1.00–1.22(♀), tarsomeres I −III: 0.20–0.35, 0.19–0.22, 0.17–0.19(♀); length of hind leg: femur 0.56–1.89(♂), 0.48–2.17 (♀), tibia 2.04–2.27 (♂), tarsomeres I −III: 0.28, 0.29, 0.21 (♂), 0.22, 0.27,.26 (♀).</p> <p> <b>Material.</b> Holotype (♂): CNU-Het-LB2010212 (dorsoventrally compressed); paratypes: 41 ♂, CNU-Het- LB2013228 (laterally compressed), CNU-Het-LB2013230/238/242/244/195/197/198/209/220/226/231/234/236/ 187/189/193/196/204/207/210/211/213/215/219/221/222/223/224/239/245/246/253, CNU-Het-LB2010250/251/ 252/255/257/259 (dorsoventrally compressed); 30 ♀, CNU-Het-LB2010249/253/254/258/260/263,CNU-Het- LB2013186/188/201/203/216/232/233/237/240/241/243/247/248/250/251/252/254/203/205/206/218/217/225 (dorsoventrally compressed).</p> <p> <b>Locality and horizon.</b> Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China, Yixian Formation, Early Cretaceous.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name derived from Latin “ indecorus ”, means simple and unadorned.</p>Published as part of <i>Chen, Xiaotong, Yao, Yunzhi & Ren, Dong, 2015, A new genus and species of Rhopalidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China, pp. 135-140 in Zootaxa 4058 (1)</i> on page 139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/244720">http://zenodo.org/record/244720</a>
Synotis nyalamensis M. Tang, C. Ren, Y. S. Chen & Q. E. Yang 2022, sp. nov.
No full textSynotis nyalamensis M. Tang, C. Ren, Y.S. Chen & Q.E. Yang, sp. nov., Figs. 1, 2A–C. TYPE:— CHINA. Xizang, Nyalam county, Kangshan bridge to Zhangmu town, 28°02′29.52″N, 85°45′15.97″E, ca. 3200 m a.s.l., gravelly places on mountain slope, 26 August 2013, M. Tang & C. Ren 485 (holotype IBSC, isotypes KUN, PE). Fig. 1. Synotis kunthiana auct. non (Wallich ex Candolle 1838: 169) Jeffrey & Chen (1984: 288): Tang & Yang (2013). Diagnosis:— Synotis nyalamensis is closely similar to S. kunthiana in having abaxially white-tomentose leaves and cylindric-campanulate capitula, but differs by having higher stature (45–60 vs. 20–40 cm), singular (vs. several) stems, caudate-acuminate (vs. acuminate) leaf tips, prominent (vs. obscure) nerves on abaxial side of leaves, more phyllaries (10–13, rarely 8 or 9 vs. 6–8), and more disk florets (15–24 vs. 7–12). Description:—Perennial rhizomatous subshrubs. Rhizomes thick, woody. Stems solitary, erect, 45–60 cm tall, sparsely arachnoid-tomentose, proximally leafless at flowering time. Median stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, green, papery, 6–8 cm long, 3–5 cm broad, caudate-acuminate, remotely and minutely mucronulate-denticulate, adaxially sparsely pubescent, abaxially grey-whitish arachnoid-tomentose, pinnately veined, lateral veins 8–10; petiole 0.8–1.5 cm long; upper leaves becoming gradually smaller, sessile, oblong-linear. Capitula radiate, 3–8, loosely arranged in terminal and upper axillary corymbs on inflorescence branches; peduncles (1.0–)2.0– 4.5 cm long, slender, pubescent, bearing 1–3 filiform bracteoles. Involucres cylindric-campanulate, 8–10 mm long, 4–6 mm broad, with 8–10 subulate bracteoles at base, bracts of calyculus 5 to 8, filiform, green or purple, 6–8 mm long; phyllaries usually 10–13, rarely 8 or 9, linear-lanceolate, 1–2 mm broad, green, herbaceous, sparsely pubescent, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute, pubescent. Ray florets (6–)8, yellow; corolla tube 3–4 mm long; lamina oblong, 4–5 mm long, 1.5–2 mm broad, shallowly 2- or 3-denticulate, 3 or 4 veined, apex acute. Disk florets 15–24; corolla yellow, 7–10 mm long, with 3–4 mm long tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-triangular, 6–7 mm long, apically acute. Anthers 3–3.5 mm long; anther tails ca. 1.5 times the length of anther collars; appendages ovate-oblong; anther collars slightly dilated at base. Style arms ca. 1 mm long, fringed with short papillae, the apical tuft not differentiated. Achenes cylindric, 2–3 mm long, glabrous. Pappus white, 6–7 mm long. Phenology:—Flowering from August to September; fruiting from October to December. Etymology:—The specific epithet of our new species, “ nyalamensis ”, is derived from the type locality, i.e. Nyalam county in southern Xizang, China. Distribution and habitat:— Synotis nyalamensis is currently known only from its type locality, i.e. Nyalam county in southern Xizang, China (Fig. 5). It grows in gravelly places on mountain slope at an altitude of ca. 3200 m above sea level. Its putative closest ally, Syn. kunthiana, is distributed only in northwestern India, Nepal, and Pakistan, not in China (Fig. 5). Conservation status:— Synotis nyalamensis is a locally endemic species. During our field work we tried our best to search for it around the type locality but discovered only a small population with ca. 15 mature individuals. We have also been unable to trace any herbarium specimen of this species collected prior to us. According to IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2019), Syn. nyalamensis should be categorized as a Critically Endangered (CR) species. Notes:—As pointed out by Jeffery & Chen (1984), a notable feature of the genus Synotis is the occurrence of closely similar, usually vicariant but sometimes partially sympatric sets of similar species, which on experimental study may prove better distinguished at subspecific rank. They gave eight examples in the Chinese flora. It seems that Syn. kunthiana and Syn. nyalamensis are an example in the Himalayan flora. Morphologically these two species, although different in some characters, are indeed closely similar to each other (Table 1). According to Jeffery & Chen (1984), Chen (1999) and Li et al. (2018), Synotis is divisible into two well-marked sections, sect. Synotis and sect. Karelinioidei (Fedtschenko & Fedtschenko ex Schischkin 1961: 751) Ren et al. in Li et al. (2018: 9). The former is divisible into five not very clearly differentiated series, with S. kunthiana belonging to Syn. ser. Fulvipapposae Jeffrey & Chen (1984: 332). Considering the remarkable morphological resemblance between Syn. nyalamensis and Syn. kunthiana, we propose to place Syn. nyalamensis also within this series.Published as part of Tang, Ming, Ren, Chen, Chen, You-Sheng & Yang, Qin-Er, 2022, Synotis nyalamensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from southern Xizang (Tibet), China, pp. 278-284 in Phytotaxa 554 (3) on pages 280-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/683152
Prüfung der technischen, ökonomischen und politischen Voraussetzungen für den Abschluß eines internationalen Rohstoffabkommens mit Bufferstock, Mindest- und Höchstpreisen zur Stabilisierung des Weltmarktes für Baumwolle und Baumwollgarne
Get PDFChen J-ren. Prüfung der technischen, ökonomischen und politischen Voraussetzungen für den Abschluß eines internationalen Rohstoffabkommens mit Bufferstock, Mindest- und Höchstpreisen zur Stabilisierung des Weltmarktes für Baumwolle und Baumwollgarne. Working Papers. Institute of Mathematical Economics. Vol 67. Bielefeld: Center for Mathematical Economics; 1978
Scymnus (Parapullus) parallelicus Chen, Ren & Wang, 2012, sp. nov.
No full text1. <i>Scymnus</i> (<i>Parapullus</i>) <i>parallelicus</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 1–8, 10, 18–22)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is similar to <i>S</i>. (<i>P</i>.) <i>tsugae</i> in general appearance, but can be distinguished from it by the following characters: penis guide nearly parallel at 2/3 length, gradually converging apically to a pointed tip in ventral view; parameres distinctly shorter than penis guide, 2/3 length of the latter.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> TL: 2.12–2.36 mm, TW: 1.44–1.64 mm, TH: 1.00– 1.12 mm, TL/TW: 1.44–1.47, PL/PW: 0.51– 0.53, EL/EW: 1.21–1.22.</p> <p>Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, yellowish white pubescence (Fig. 10). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish white. Pronotum yellow. Scutellum and elytra reddish brown. Underside yellow except the mesoventrite and metaventrite reddish brown.</p> <p>Head small, 0.58× of pronotal width (HW/PW=0.68/1.16). Punctures on head dense and evenly separated by 0.5–2 diameters, with silvery white pubescence. Eyes small and almost oval, rather coarsely faceted, the widest interocular distance about 0.53× of head width. Pronotum about 0.73× of elytral width (PW/EW=1.20/1.64), pronotal punctures fine, sparse, and slightly larger than those on head, 1–2 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with sparse puncture, separated by 1–3 diameters. Prosternal carinae nearly parallel, extending to anterior margin. Prosternal process rectangle, length 3 times of width at the base (Fig. 7). Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, slightly recurved toward the base of ventrite (Figs. 6, 18). Area surrounded by the line evenly punctured, narrowly smooth along the line.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Penis slender, penis capsules are quite differently from the other species (Fig. 19). Apex of penis with thread-like appendage (Fig. 20). Tegmen moderately stout, penis guide nearly parallel at 2/3 length, converging gradually apically to a pointed tip in ventral view (Fig. 22). Parameres distinctly shorter than penis guide, 2/3 length of the latter, obliquely truncate on distal margin, with two groups of uniform setae inserted in different directions (Fig. 21).</p> <p>Female genitalia: coxites triangular, elongated, about 2.70 times as long as width at the base, tapering to blunt apices, outer and inner margin almost straight, each with several long terminal setae. Spermatheca C-shape, sclerotised (Fig. 8).</p> <p> <b>Types. Holotype</b> male, No.SCAU (E) 13028, Maiji Mountain, Tianshui, Gansu, 10.VIII.2008, Ren SX Leg. <b>Paratypes:</b> 2 males, Maicaogou, Tianshui, Gansu, 28.VIII.2007, Liang JB Leg. 2 males, Maiji Mountain, Tianshui, Gansu, 1650m, 6.VIII.2009, Chen XS Leg. 1 male, Maiji Mountain, Tianshui, Gansu, 10.VIII.2008, Ren SX Leg. 1 female, Dangchuan, Tianshui, Gansu, 1600m, 5.VIII.2009, Chen XS Leg.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name is derived from Latin <i>parallelicus</i> referring to penis guide nearly parallel at 2/3 length in ventral view.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> China (Gansu)</p>Published as part of <i>Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang & Wang, Xing-Min, 2012, Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), pp. 22-34 in Zootaxa 3174</i> on page 24, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/279895">10.5281/zenodo.279895</a>
Ji Han xiang chen zhuan
No full text[V.1-2]. 前漢相臣傳 : 十二卷 -- [v.3-5]. 後漢相臣傳 : 十六卷 -- [v.6]. 季漢相臣傳 : 六卷.[V.1-2]. Qian Han xiang chen zhuan : shi er juan -- [v.3-5]. Hou Han xiang chen zhuan : shi liu juan -- [v.6]. Ji Han xiang chen zhuan : liu juan.魏顯國纂述 ; 魏一鵬編次.綫裝, 1函.框22x14.3公分, 10行20字, 白口, 單黑魚尾, 四周單邊, 版心上鐫題名, 中鐫卷次, 下鐫葉次及小題.刻書年據《四庫全書存目叢書》鈐有"元鑑齋", "潤州笪重光鑒定印", "毛氏收藏子孫永保"印.Library's copy: 本館只存《歷代相臣傳》中《前漢》, 《後漢》, 《季漢》共六冊.Xian zhuang, 1 han.Kuang 22 x 14.3 gong fen, 10 hang 20 zi, bai kou, dan hei yu wei, si zhou dan bian, ban xin shang juan ti ming, zhong juan juan ci, xia juan ye ci ji xiao ti.Ke shu nian ju "Si ku quan shu cun mu cong shu"Wei Xianguo zuan shu ; Wei Yipeng bian ci.Qian you "Yuan jian zhai", "Runzhou Da Chongguang jian ding yin", "Mao shi shou cang zi sun yong bao" yin.Library's copy: ben guan zhi cun "Li dai xiang chen zhuan" zhong "Qian Han", "Hou Han", "Ji Han" gong liu ce
Scymnus (Parapullus) malleatus Chen, Ren & Wang, 2012, sp. nov.
No full text2. Scymnus (Parapullus) malleatus sp. nov. (Figs. 11, 23– 27) Diagnosis. This species can be identified by the following characters: penis capsule looks like a hammer and apex of penis with 8 to 10 minutely dentate, apically with a long, thread-like appendage. Its parameres relatively broad, shorter than penis guide, 3 / 4 length of the latter. Description. TL: 2.28 mm, TW: 1.64 mm, TH: 1.00 mm, TL/TW: 1.39, PL/PW: 0.5, EL/EW: 1.17. Body elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum surface with fine, golden yellow pubescence (Fig. 11). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellowish brown. Pronotum reddish brown. Scutellum and elytra reddish brown. Underside yellowish brown except the metaventrite reddish brown. Head small, 0.57 × of pronotal width (HW/PW= 0.68 / 1.20). Punctures on head similar with eye facets, separated by 1–2 diameters, with golden yellow pubescence. Eyes small, the widest interocular distance 0.47 × of head width. Pronotum about 0.73 × of elytral width (PW/EW= 1.20 / 1.64), pronotal punctures fine, 1–2 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with dense punctures, separated by 1.5–2 diameters. Prosternal carinae nearly parallel, extending to anterior margin. Prosternal process trapezoid, length 3.5 times of width at the base. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete (Fig. 23). Area surrounded by the line evenly punctured, narrowly smooth along the line. Male genitalia: Penis slender, penis capsule hammer-like in lateral view (Fig. 24). Apex of penis with 8 to 10 minutely dentate, apically with thread-like appendage, forming a round shape (Fig. 25). Tegmen moderately stout, penis guide nearly parallel, converges gradually apically to a pointed tip in ventral view (Fig. 27). Parameres relatively broad, distinctly shorter than penis guide, 3 / 4 length of the latter, apex with two groups of nearly uniform setae oriented in different directions (Fig. 26). Female genitalia unknown. Type. Holotype male, No. SCAU (E) 13026, Liupan Mountain, Jingyuan, Ningxia, 10.VIII. 2009, Chen XS Leg. Etymology. The species name is derived from Latin malleatus referring to penis capsule looks like a hammer in lateral view. Distribution. China (Ningxia).Published as part of Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Ren, Shun-Xiang & Wang, Xing-Min, 2012, Revision of the subgenus Scymnus (Parapullus) Yang from China (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), pp. 22-34 in Zootaxa 3174 on pages 24-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27989
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