14,441 research outputs found

    European students' learning adaptation to socio-cultural interactions in Taiwan

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    Taiwan has gained popularity among European university students as an ideal destination in exchange programs. This study aims to compare European students' perceived Chinese cultural values with those of Taiwanese students and to provide a deeper understanding of the cultural and social interactions of European students in Taiwan. A personal survey and in-depth interviews were administered in five major universities in northern, central, and southern part of Taiwan to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data. European students consider few Chinese cultural values like knowledge, kindness, tolerance of others, and harmony with others higher than those of local Taiwanese students. In few traditional Chinese cultural values like gift giving, courtesy, prudence, Taiwanese students value them with higher scores than European students do. With reference to the Chinese culture in particular, European students have to deal with different teaching styles and different norms while communicating with instructors and local students in Taiwan. Five themes were formalized to describe European students' experiences in Taiwan focusing on lifestyles, acculturative stress, learning, language issues, and social interactions with local people. The learning adaptation, individually distinctive, converges to positive experiences through socio-cultural interactions, which makes the experiences valuable and precious. European students do not overlook European ways of engaging with instructors, but they perceived, internalized and demonstrated their learning process in Taiwanese higher education. Cultural interactions enrich teaching and learning environment which benefits European students and Taiwanese students to a great extent

    Variable inductance planar spiral inductors and CMOS wideband amplifiers with inductive peaking

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    [[abstract]]In this paper, a complete set of variable inductance (VI) planar spiral inductors with MOSFET switches are characterized and modeled for the first time. These VI inductors can be used to optimize the performances of CMOS wideband low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with inductive peaking, to implement low-phase noise voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), and so on. Moreover, the experimental results show that series-inductive peaking can effectively improve the bandwidth of the CMOS wideband LNAs. For a CMOS wideband LNA with a 0.58-nH peaking inductor, a 74.2% (from 3.1 to 5.4 GHz) increase in bandwidth is achieved. The measured noise figures (NFs) are 2.2 dB at 1 GHz and 4.0 dB at 6 GHz. The measured input 3(rd)-order intercepting point (IIP3) is -3 dBm at 3 GHz. These results show that the performances of CMOS wideband LNAs can be improved by inductive peaking, which can be optimized by our developed VI inductors. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.[[note]]SC

    Nitrosylated iron-thiolate-sulfinate complexes with {Fe(NO)}(6/7) electronic cores: Relevance to the transformation between the active and inactive NO-bound forms of iron-containing nitrile hydratases

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    [[abstract]]The five-coordinated iron−thiolate nitrosyl complexes [(NO)Fe(S,S-C6H3R)2]- (R = H (1), m-CH3 (2)), [(NO)Fe(S,S-C6H2-3,6-Cl2)2]- (3), [(NO)Fe(S,S-C6H3R)2]2- (R = H (10), m-CH3 (11)), and [(NO)Fe(S,S-C6H2-3,6-Cl2)2]2- (12) have been isolated and structurally characterized. Sulfur oxygenation of iron−thiolate nitrosyl complexes 1−3 containing the {Fe(NO)}6 core was triggered by O2 to yield the S-bonded monosulfinate iron species [(NO)Fe(S,SO2-C6H3R)(S,S-C6H3R)]- (R = H (4), m-CH3 (5)) and [(NO)Fe(S,SO2-C6H2-3,6-Cl2)(S,S-C6H2-3,6-Cl2)]22- (6), respectively. In contrast, attack of O2 on the {Fe(NO)}7 complex 10 led to the formation of complex 1 accompanied by the minor products, [Fe(S,S-C6H4)2]22- and [NO3]- (yield 9%). Reduction of complexes 4−6 by [EtS]- in CH3CN−THF yielded [(NO)Fe(S,SO2-C6H3R)(S,S-C6H3R)]2- (R = H (7), m-CH3 (8)) and [(NO)Fe(S,SO2-C6H2-3,6-Cl2)(S,S-C6H2-3,6-Cl2)]2- (9) along with (EtS)2 identified by 1H NMR. Compared to complex 10, complexes 7−9 with the less electron-donating sulfinate ligand coordinated to the {Fe(NO)}7 core were oxidized by O2 to yield complexes 4−6. Obviously, the electronic perturbation of the {Fe(NO)}7 core caused by the coordinated sulfinate in complexes 7−9 may serve to regulate the reactivity of complexes 7−9 toward O2. The iron−sulfinate nitrosyl species with the {Fe(NO)}6/7 core exhibit the photolabilization of sulfur-bound [O] moiety. Complexes 1−4−7−10 (or 2−5−8−11 and 3−6−9−12) are interconvertible under sulfur oxygenation, redox processes, and photolysis, respectively.[[fileno]]2010313010016[[department]]化學
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