16,769 research outputs found
JC virus evolution and its association with human populations
Full text linkThe ubiquitous human polyomavirus JC (JCV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus that establishes a persistent infection, and it is often transmitted from parents to children. There are at least 14 subtypes of the virus associated with different human populations. Because of its presumed codivergence with humans, JCV has been used as a genetic marker for human evolution and migration. Codivergence has also been used as a basis for estimating the rate of nucleotide substitution in JCV. We tested the hypothesis of host-virus codivergence by (i) performing a reconciliation analysis of phylogenetic trees of human and JCV populations and (ii) providing the first estimate of the evolutionary rate of JCV that is independent from the assumption of codivergence. Strikingly, our comparisons of JCV and human phylogenies provided no evidence for codivergence, suggesting that this virus should not be used as a marker for human population history. Further, while the estimated nucleotide substitution rate of JCV has large confidence intervals due to limited sampling, our analysis suggests that this virus may evolve nearly two orders of magnitude faster than predicted under the codivergence hypothesis.</p
Epidemiological estimates of risk in the process of becoming dependent upon cocaine: cocaine hydrochloride powder versus crack cocaine.
No full textPossible age-associated bias in reporting of clinical features of drug dependence: epidemiological evidence on adolescent-onset marijuana use.
No full textResonant-frequency-dependent flux noise of a high-T-C rf SQUID coupled to a substrate resonator
No full textMultifunctional design of high-transition-temperature directly coupled superconducting-quantum-interference-device magnetometers on a chip
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Australian wetland cultures by JC Ryan & L Chen and Ecocritical concerns and the Australian continent by B Neumeier & H Tiffin
No full textAustralian Wetland Cultures, edited by John Charles Ryan and Li Chen, Lanham and London, Lexington Books, 2020, xiii + 253 pp., US95.00,
£90.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-4985-6401-4
Each of antropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry methods can be used to assess lean body mass in hemodialysis patients
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