420 research outputs found
The Expression of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Relationships With Prognosis
Get PDFHongxu Li,1,* Xinyue Hu,1,* Li Wang,2,* Xiangran Gu,1 Shibin Chen,1 Yixuan Tang,1 Yuan Chen,2 Jin Chen,2 Zhengrong Yuan,1 Yajie Wang2 1College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhengrong Yuan; Yajie Wang, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Ferroptosis, a form of cell death discovered in recent years, is expected to provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through further research.Methods: Based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we screened HCC-associated genes from 259 candidate genes in the FerrDb database. The screened genes were subjected to differential expression analysis, survival analysis, correlation analysis with clinical data, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The results were validated with the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) database and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, and signaling pathways were analyzed with the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) enrichment analysis. Human normal hepatocytes and different liver cancer cell lines were used to verify the expression levels of genes, using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR).Results: Eight ferroptosis-related genes were finally selected, including ACSL3, ASNS, CHMP5, MYB, PCK2, PGD, SLC38A1, and YY1AP1. The expression of eight genes except PCK2 was significantly correlated with a lower survival rate of HCC, and the expression of PCK2 showed a correlation with a higher survival rate of HCC. The expression of all eight genes was also correlated with clinical traits. GSEA enrichment analysis obtained many pathways such as apoptosis, endocytosis, pathways in cancer, Wnt signaling pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid metabolism pathway.Conclusion: The ACSL3, ASNS, CHMP5, MYB, PCK2, PGD, SLC38A1, and YY1AP1 genes may become markers and new targets for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of HCC.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, ferroptosis, prognostic markers, TCGA, FerrD
Fabrication of Polymer/Metal Composite Micro/Nano Array Structures and the Applications in Biological Interfaces and Actuators
No full textMedial quandles\u27s capability of detecting causality and properties of their coloring on certain links and knots
No full textI investigated the capability of medial quandle, quandle whose operation satisfying that , to detect causality in (2+1)-dimensional globally hyperbolic spacetime by determining if they can distinguished the connected sum of two Hopf links from an infinite series of relevant three-component links constructed by Allen and Swenberg in 2020, who suggested that any link invariant must be able to distinguish those links for them to detect causality in the given setting. I show that these quandles fail to do so as long as defines an equivalence relation. The Alexander quandles is an example that this result can apply to. Inspired by this result, I also derived a generalized theorem about the coloring of medial quandles on a specific type of tangles, which help to determine whether this quandles can distinguish between a wider range of knots and links or not
On regularity of a Kinetic Boundary layer
Get PDFWe study the nonlinear steady Boltzmann equation in the half space, with
phase transition and Dirichlet boundary condition. In particular, we study the
regularity of the solution to the half-space problem in the situation that the
gas is in contact with its condensed phase. We propose a novel kinetic weight
and establish a weighted estimate under the spatial domain , which is unbounded and not strictly convex. Additionally, we prove
the estimate without any weight for
Improvement of microwave absorption properties via ceramic method and mechanical alloying processing of Ti-Co-Mn-Ni substituted barium ferrite
Get PDFMany attempts have been made to identify nanomaterials with high reflection loss to
improve electromagnetic microwave absorption. In this study, barium hexagonal
nanocomposites (BaFe12O19) and substituted barium hexagonal ferrite composites
BaTiCo0.5MnxNi0.5-xFe10O19 (x = 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4) were synthesized using high
energy ball milling to investigate their magnetic and electromagnetic microwave
adsorption properties. The goal is to address the challenge of creating homogeneous,
fine-grained materials for high-GHz band applications, where electromagnetic
interference remains a problem.
Initially, the samples underwent processing optimization by several stages: mixing by
mortar (M), calcination (C), sintering (S) and high energy ball milling (HEBM) (H) to
determine the best method to obtain highly crystalline nanoparticles for Microwave
Absorber (MA) materials. The calcination-sintering-HEBM (CSH) method proved to
be the most effective and was used to prepare the MA composite. The raw powder
underwent conventional milling for 5 hours, calcination at 1000 oC for 5 hours,
sintering at 1300 oC for 5 hours, and then mechanical alloying for 5 hours. The samples
were then investigated their structural, microstructural, elemental, magnetic, and
microwave properties using an X-ray diffraction (XRD), a field emission scanning
electron microscopy (FESEM), an energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) a vibrating
sample magnetometer (VSM), and a vector network analyzer (VNA). XRD data
revealed that all the samples are crystalline ferrite with a hexagonal crystal structure.
The XRD spectra showed that the peaks of the milled samples are broader than those
of the un-milled samples, with the smallest particle size being 79.09 nm, as indicated
by FESEM micrographs. VSM results exhibited that saturation magnetization (Ms)
decreases with milling time and Mn content. The BaTiCo0.5Mn0.4Ni0.1Fe10O19 sample
with the substitution value of x =0.4 had the lowest reflection loss (RL) of −40.37 dB
at 13.7 GHz with at a thickness of 2 mm through a CSH synthesis. Thus,
BaTiCo0.5Mn0.4Ni0.1Fe10O19 demonstrated excellent reflection loss and higher
absorption of incident electromagnetic radiation, addressing the urgent problem of
electromagnetic pollution
Securing software systems via fuzz testing and verification
No full textSoftware security has been growing in importance due to the increasing reliance
on various systems such as computers, smartphones, and Internet-of-Things devices.
Security weaknesseses, or vulnerabilities, range in various aspects, from the systematic
levels such as designing defects, to implementation errors such as language-specific
program crashes. The multifaceted nature of vulnerabilities poses significant challenges
to secure different systems. In fact, multilevel approaches have to be applied to reveal
vulnerabilities or solidify the systems. Generally, there are two categories of approaches
to securing a system, namely testing and verification. The former tries to generate test
cases to trigger erroneous behaviors in the underlying programs. The latter models the
system in an abstracted description to prove the absence of certain security defects. In
this thesis, we will describe our efforts in greybox fuzz testing and type checking based
verification in securing different levels of software systems.
Firstly, we apply greybox fuzz testing (or fuzzing) to detect implementation vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are usually subtle that it is rather complicated to formally
verify the absence of the corresponding defects. We target on two levels of vulnerabilities. One is to improve the fuzzing directedness of executing towards specific target program locations to reveal crash induced vulnerabilities such as buffer-overflow, use-after-free, etc. To emphasize existing challenges in directed fuzzing, we propose Hawkeye to feature four desired properties for directedness. With the statically analyzed results on the target program and its target locations, Hawkeye applies multiple dynamic strategies for seed prioritization, power scheduling and mutation. The experimental results on various real-world programs showed that Hawkeye significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art greybox fuzzers AFL and AFLGo in reaching target locations and reproducing specific crashes. The other scenario is to enhance fuzzing to reveal multithreading-relevant bugs. These bugs may root from logic errors which exhibit abnormal behaviors in the target program. They may or may not cause immediate crashes however implicate certain security defects. We present Doublade, a novel thread-aware technique which effectively generates multithreading-relevant seeds. Doublade relies on a set of thread-aware techniques, consisting of a stratified exploration-oriented instrumentation and two complementary instrumentations, as well as dynamic adaptive strategies based on feedbacks. Experiments on 12 real-world programs showed that Doublade significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art fuzzer AFL in generating high-quality seeds, detecting vulnerabilities, and exposing concurrency bugs. To integrate Hawkeye , Doublade, and other recently
proposed fuzzing techniques, we have built our own general-purpose fuzzing framework, Fuzzing Orchestration Toolkit (FOT). Compared to other fuzzing frameworks,
FOT is versatile in its functionalities and can be easily configured or extended for various fuzzing purposes. Till now, FOT has detected 200+ zero-day vulnerabilities in more
than 40 world-famous projects, among which 51 CVEs have been assigned.
Secondly, we apply type checking based verification to detect those vulnerabilities
introduced by designing defects where testing usually fails to reveal. Particularly, we
focus on the information leakage vulnerability caused by inter-app communications
on an Android system. We propose a lightweight security type system that models
permission mechanism on Android, where the permissions are assigned statically and
facilitated to enforce access control across applications. We proved the soundness of
the proposed type system in terms of non-interference, with which we are able to prove
the absence of information leakage among various apps in an Android system. We also
presented a deterministic type inference algorithm for the underlying type system.
Finally, based on these attempts we have made so far, we briefly discuss the differ-
ences between the two categories of applied approaches in terms of the capability, the
practicality, and their potential combinations in securing modern software systems.Doctor of Philosoph
The Effect of Various Ration of Citric and Sulfuric Acid on the Structure and Leaching Properties of Pellets of Laterite Roasted at High Temperature
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