381 research outputs found
Migration and Urban Poverty and Inequality in China
No full textUsing data from recent surveys of migrants and local residents in 10 cities in 2005, this paper examines how migration influences measurements of urban poverty and inequality in China, and also compares how other indicators of well-being differ for migrants and local residents. Contrary to previous studies that report that the income poverty rate of migrant households is 1.5 times that of local resident households, we find relatively small differences in the poverty rates of migrants and local residents. Although the hourly wages of migrants are much lower than those of local residents, migrant workers work longer hours and have lower dependency ratios and higher labor force participation rates. Including migrants increases somewhat measures of urban income inequality. Significant differences between migrants and local residents are found for non-income welfare indicators such as housing conditions and access to social insurance programs.migration, urban, poverty, inequality, social protection, China
Genome sequencing of two biocontrol streptomycetes strains and identification of their chitinase related genes
No full textCorrigendum to ‘Thiophene donor for NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided photothermal/photodynamic/chemo combination therapy’ [Acta Biomaterialia 127 (2021) 287-297]
No full textThe authors regret to report that the affiliation for author Dewen Liu was published incorrectly. The correct affiliation is as follows: Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Can China's rural elderly count on support from adult children ? implications of rural-to-urban migration
No full textThis paper shows that support from the family continues to be an important source of support for the rural elderly, particularly the rural elderly over 70 years of age. Decline in likelihood of co-residence with, or in close proximity to, adult children raises the possibility that China's rural elderly will receive less support in the forms of both income and in-kind instrumental care. Although descriptive evidence on net financial transfers suggests that the elderly with migrant children will receive similar levels of financial transfers as those without migrant children, the predicted variance associated with these transfers implies a higher risk that elderly with migrant children may fall into poverty. Reducing the risk of low incomes among the elderly is one important motive for new rural pension initiatives supported by China's government, which are scheduled to be expanded to cover all rural counties by the end of the 12th Five Year Plan in 2016.Rural Poverty Reduction,Population Policies,Services&Transfers to Poor,Regional Economic Development,Labor Policies
Rural Labor Absorption Efficiency in Urban Areas under Different Urbanization Patterns and Industrial Structures: The Case of China
No full textIn this paper, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate how well China’s urban areas absorb migrant workers under the interaction of urbanization and industrialization. We applied an output-oriented BCC model to evaluate provincial and regional rural labor absorption efficiency in mainland China. It appears that 4 out of 31 provinces and municipals are efficient, and 2 out of 8 economic regions are efficient in absorbing migrant workers. In the southern and eastern parts of China, urban labor absorption efficiency is higher compared with the western and northern parts of China. Different urbanization patterns and industrial development strategies should be adopted in different economic areas to enhance labor absorption ability in these areas. Urban areas in many parts of China still have potential to accommodate rural migrant workers. The inter-regional flow of production factors would affect urban labor absorption efficiency.rural labor absorption in urban areas, urbanization, industry structure, DEA
Research on the Evolution Dynamic Mechanisms and Endogenous of Social Capital in the Industrial Clusters
No full textProcloeon chinensis Chen & Zhou 2023, comb. nov.
No full text(2) <i>Procloeon chinensis</i> (She <i>et al</i>., 1995) comb. nov. <p>(Figs 1C, 2C–D, 3B, 3E, 4B, 4E, 5C–D, 6C–D, 6G, 6I, 7D–F, 9A–C)</p> <p> <i>Centroptilum chinensis</i> She, Gui and You, 1995: 78, 79, fig. 8 (male). Types: male imago, China (Hainan).</p> <p> <i>Centroptilum chinensis</i>: You & Gui, 1995: 38, fig. 34 (male).</p> <p> <b>Material examined:</b> Holotype (male), Bawangling Nature Reserve, Qionghai City, Hainan Province, 10.V.1986, Shusheng She; 8 nymphs, 4 male imagoes (reared), 6 female imagoes (reared), Limushan Forest Park, Qiongzhong County, Hainan Province (108°44′22.41″E, 19°10′19.20″ N), 630 m, 15–18.IV.2023, Dewen Gong, Xiaofang Chen and Xinhe Qiang.</p> <p> <b>Description. Male:</b> See She <i>et al</i>. 1995.</p> <p> <b>Female (in alcohol, first description):</b> Body length 7.0– 7.5 mm, forewings 5.5–6.0 mm, hindwings 0.8–1.0 mm; body pale to pale yellowish (Fig. 2D). Compound eyes grey, pronotum pale, meso- and metanota grey, posterior margins of metanota brown to dark brown (Fig. 2D). Forewings transparent, distinct 7–9 cross veinlets in stigmatic area; marginal intercalaries longer than the distance between them to neighboring veins. Hindwings with hook-like costal projection and two longitudinal veins. Terga of abdomen grey to yellowish, with red posterior margins, terga I–VI with clear dark tracheae (Fig. 2D); sterna III–IX with red posterior margins.</p> <p> <b>Nymph (in alcohol, first description):</b> Body length 5.5–6.0 mm, antennae 1.8–2.0 mm, caudal filaments 1.8–2.0 mm; body generally pale brown, with deep brown to chocolate dots, markings and stripes, making its body mottled (Fig. 5C). Vertex with a pair of yellow brown stripes or lines, extending to clypeus discontinuously, more distinct around ocelli and base of clypeus; ocelli pale but with dark base. Antennae pale, scape slightly wider than pedicel, two of them subequal in length; length of antennae ca. 2.5x head width. <b>Mouthparts:</b> Labrum nearly semicircular, posterolateral angles sclerotized and pigmented; anterolateral angles round and unclear; front margin with a deep V-shaped notch; anterior half of dorsal surface with hair-like setae, anterior margin with a row of relatively long setae; an additional row of sub-marginal spatulate setae besides median notch; ventral surface with two tufts of submedian hair-like setae. Two mandibles nearly symmetrical except molars, lateral margins smooth, slightly waved; outer incisor of them with four apical tips, inner one with three, ventral margin of inner incisor serrated; two incisors almost fused but suture between them clear; prostheca with expanded and serrated apex; a tuft of spine-like setae between molar and prostheca. Maxillae with clear suture between galea and lacinia, its mesal margin with sparse hair-like setae, apex with spine-like setae, canine with three spines. Maxillary palpi with tiny and sparce hair-like setae on surface, segment ratios I:II:III = 1.7:1.8:1.0, two margins of segment I nearly parallel, segment II progressively widened slightly, segment III slightly narrowed from base to apex, length: width of it = 4.0: 1.0 (Fig. 4E). Labium with sparse hair-like setae on both surfaces, margins of glossae, paraglossae with spine-like setae; glossae and paraglossae long triangular; labial palpi also with sparse tiny hair-like setae, segment III with spine-like setae on apical margin; segment II distinctly narrower than others; apex of segment I narrower than base but those apices of segment II and III wider than base; segment III nearly trapezoidal, both lateral margin convex, inner one clearer than outer one; apical margin nearly straight (Fig. 4B). Lingua and superlinguae of hypopharynx with indistinct hair-like setae on apex. <b>Thorax:</b> Pronotum gray to pale brown, median portion slightly paler than anterior and lateral margins; width: length 2.8: 1.0; gray mesonotum and metanotum with irregular pale portions and dots (Fig. 5C); hindwing pads tiny but visible; three pairs of legs similar in structure and color pattern: legs generally pale, joints slightly greyer; femur with a longitudinal median red line and a subapical reddish brown dot; with sparse hair-like and spine-like setae on outer margin, inner margin with spine-like setae only; tibia and tarsus with spine-like setae on inner margins (Fig. 6C); length ratio of forefemur: tibia: tarsus 1.5:1.0:1.0, length ratio of mid- and hindfemur: tibia: tarsus 1.8:1.0:1.0. Claw ca. 0.5x tarsus, with two rows of denticles, distal half denticles broader and larger than proximal half (Figs 6D, 7D–E).</p> <p> <b>Abdomen:</b> Tergum I pale to pale grey, terga II–VII with three brownish to chocolate markings respectively, each nearly triangular; two submedian ones near anterior margin, one at middle; those markings of terga II, III and VI larger than others, making whole terga look brown; tergum VIII with three brown markings near posterior margin, anterior half of tergum IX brown, posterior margin of tergum X dark (Fig. 5C). Sterna pale but each with a pair of brown stripes (Fig. 5D). All posterior margins of terga and sterna dark. Terga II–X and sterna V–IX with a transverse row of denticles on posterior margins (Figs 5C–D). Posterolateral angles of terga II–X extended into sharp spines; lateral margins of terga VIII–IX with a row of spines. Inner margin of paraproct with a row of 6–7 spines (Fig. 6G). Gills on terga I–VII, gills I and VII slightly smaller than others; gills I–VI with double lamellae, ventral one peltate, dorsal one elongate (Figs 9A–B); gill VII single (Fig. 9C); lamellae of gills I–VII with sclerotized lines on costal margin; main tracheae and its branches of all gills dark and clear. Caudal filaments with a reddish dark ring and a row of spines on every fourth segment (Fig. 6I), basal half pale, apical half brown; cerci with dense hair-like setae on mesal margins, spine-like setae on outer margins; terminal filament with hair-like setae on both margins; those setae progressively longer from base to apex.</p> <p> <b>Egg:</b> Oval, surface with regular net-like ridges (Fig. 7F).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Males of this species can be identified by its orange compound eyes (Fig. 2C), orange to red transverse lines on terga and sterna, hook costal projection of hindwings (Fig. 1C), unspecialized segment I of forceps and tiny segment III (Figs 3B, E). Its hindwings are slightly wider than in <i>P. pennulatum</i>, and its segment I of forceps is slightly narrower.</p> <p>Females of this species can be recognized by their red abdominal lines and dark tracheae (Fig. 2D).</p> <p> Nymphs can be differentiated from <i>P. pennulatum</i> by darker abdomen (with transverse lines on posterior margins of terga or sterna) (Figs 5C–D), caudal filaments pigmented in distal half (Fig. 5C) (<i>P. pennulatum</i> has a median band) (Fig. 5A).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species was originally described in the genus <i>Centroptilum</i> based on male imago. The female imago and nymph are described here for the first time. Key characters, such as like male genitalia and nymphal mandibles, show it is a <i>Procloeon</i> species.</p> <p>The male, female and nymph of this species in this study are associated by COI sequences. The distance of them is only 0.002 –0.005 (Table 1).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> China (Hainan Province).</p>Published as part of <i>Chen, Xiao-Fang & Zhou, Chang-Fa, 2023, A contribution to knowledge of Procloeon Bengtsson, 1915 from the Chinese mainland (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) with description of a new species, pp. 163-175 in Zootaxa 5353 (2)</i> on pages 166-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8427226">http://zenodo.org/record/8427226</a>
Application of HPC technology in the building of a virtual geological visualization system
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