56 research outputs found
Wang Chen, « La loi sur la sécurité sociale sur la sellette » ; Zheng Bingwen, « Soyons scrupuleux à propos la loi sur la sécurité sociale » ; Wang Shiyou et Wang Bihua, «La loi sur la sécurité sociale adoptée avec des compromis» ; Données complétées par des articles de Renmin ribao (Le Quotidien du peuple), de Xinhuawang, du Quotidien des ouvriers et de Caixin
No full textRulliat Anne. Wang Chen, « La loi sur la sécurité sociale sur la sellette » ; Zheng Bingwen, « Soyons scrupuleux à propos la loi sur la sécurité sociale » ; Wang Shiyou et Wang Bihua, «La loi sur la sécurité sociale adoptée avec des compromis» ; Données complétées par des articles de Renmin ribao (Le Quotidien du peuple), de Xinhuawang, du Quotidien des ouvriers et de Caixin. In: Perspectives chinoises, n°113, 2010. pp. 138-141
Assessing Ageing Condition of Mineral Oil-Paper Insulation by Polarization/Depolarization Current
No full textAccurately assessing the ageing status of oil-paper insulation in transformer is essential and important. Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) technique is effective in assessing the condition of oil-paper insulation system. Though the PDC behaviour of mineral oil-paper insulation has been widely investigated, there is no report about how to make the quantitative analysis of mineral oil-paper insulation ageing condition by PDC. The PDC characteristics of mineral oil-paper insulation samples were investigated over the ageing period at 110°C. A new method for assessing the ageing condition of mineral oil-paper insulation by calculating the depolarization charge quantity was proposed. Results show that the depolarization charge quantity of mineral oil-paper insulation sample is very sensitive to its ageing condition. The stable depolarization charge quantity could be used to predict the ageing condition of mineral oil-paper insulation
A Comparative Study of Moisture and Temperature Effect on the Frequency Dielectric Response Behaviour of Pressboard Immersed in Natural Ester and Mineral Oil
No full textIt is important to investigate the dielectric behaviour of natural ester-paper insulation as the number of transformer choosing natural ester as its insulation oil is increasing. A comparative study of the influence of moisture and temperature on the frequency dielectric response of pressboard immersed in natural ester and mineral oil was provided. X-Y model simulation was used to indicate the difference between the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) characteristics of transformer main insulation system using natural ester-pressboard and mineral oil-pressboard, respectively. Compared to the mineral oil impregnated pressboard with lower moisture content, the natural ester impregnated pressboard with lower moisture content has higher E'r and tan? values in the lower frequency region at various temperatures. While there is no significant difference existing in the E'r and tan? curves of mineral oil impregnated pressboard and natural ester impregnated pressboard with higher moisture content in the lower frequency. X-Y model simulation results show that the dielectric loss difference between natural ester-paper insulation system and mineral oil-paper insulation system with the lower moisture content is more obvious at higher temperature
Additional file 4: of A high-density genetic map developed by specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing and identification of a locus controlling anthocyanin pigmentation in stalk of Zicaitai (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. purpurea)
No full textZicaitai and Caixin cultivars used for marker assisted selection (PDF 83 kb
La réforme de la loi de procédure pénale chinoise et sa mise en scène
Get PDFSources :1) Wang Jianxun, «Les dispositions du projet de réforme de la loi de procédure pénale légalisant les enquêtes secrètes marquent un pas en arrière », Caijing wang, le 5 septembre 2011.2) Chen Youxi, « La légalisation des enquêtes secrètes est une atteinte importante à la pureté de la politique », Zhongguo wangluo dianshitai – Site internet de CNTV, rubrique opinion, 27 novembre 2011.3) Wu Zhehua, « Chen Weidong discute la réforme de la procédure pénale : derrière chaque article, il y a une histoire », Zhongguoguangbo wang, 8 mars 2012.4) Chen Guangzhong, « les dispositions de la grande réforme de la procédure pénale réalisent une avancée», Beijing shibao - Beijing times, le 9 mars 2012.5) Xie Doudou, Wang Heyan, « Vicissitudes de la clause sur les détentions secrètes », Caixin wang, 12 mars 2012.6) « Focus sur la grande réforme de la loi de procédure pénale : points de vue importants sur la ‘petite constitution ‘», Banyuetan wang, 13 mars 2012.7) Li Xiangning, Xu Kai, « Jeux de pouvoir dans le cadre de la réforme de la loi de procédure pénale », Caijing, 25 mars 2012.8) Yao Dongxing, « Dans les coulisses de la grande réforme : récit par quatre protagonistes de 10 ans de jeux de pouvoir », Zhongguo jingji zhoukan- China Economic Weekly, 27 mars 2012
La réforme de la loi de procédure pénale chinoise et sa mise en scène
Get PDFSources :1) Wang Jianxun, «Les dispositions du projet de réforme de la loi de procédure pénale légalisant les enquêtes secrètes marquent un pas en arrière », Caijing wang, le 5 septembre 2011.2) Chen Youxi, « La légalisation des enquêtes secrètes est une atteinte importante à la pureté de la politique », Zhongguo wangluo dianshitai – Site internet de CNTV, rubrique opinion, 27 novembre 2011.3) Wu Zhehua, « Chen Weidong discute la réforme de la procédure pénale : derrière chaque article, il y a une histoire », Zhongguoguangbo wang, 8 mars 2012.4) Chen Guangzhong, « les dispositions de la grande réforme de la procédure pénale réalisent une avancée», Beijing shibao - Beijing times, le 9 mars 2012.5) Xie Doudou, Wang Heyan, « Vicissitudes de la clause sur les détentions secrètes », Caixin wang, 12 mars 2012.6) « Focus sur la grande réforme de la loi de procédure pénale : points de vue importants sur la ‘petite constitution ‘», Banyuetan wang, 13 mars 2012.7) Li Xiangning, Xu Kai, « Jeux de pouvoir dans le cadre de la réforme de la loi de procédure pénale », Caijing, 25 mars 2012.8) Yao Dongxing, « Dans les coulisses de la grande réforme : récit par quatre protagonistes de 10 ans de jeux de pouvoir », Zhongguo jingji zhoukan- China Economic Weekly, 27 mars 2012
Guanosine protects against reperfusion injury in rat brain after ischemic stroke
No full textAfter ischemic stroke, early thrombolytic therapy to reestablish tissue perfusion improves outcome but triggers a cascade of deleterious cellular and molecular events. Using a collaborative approach, our groups examined the effects of guanosine (Guo) in response to ischemic reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo. In a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, Guo significantly reduced infarct volume in a dose-dependent manner when given systemically either immediately before or 30 min, but not 60 min, after the onset of the 5.5-hr reperfusion period. In a separate experiment, Guo significantly reduced infarct volume after 24 hr of reperfusion when administered 5 min before reperfusion. Western blot analysis did not reveal any significant changes either in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins (GRP 78 and 94) or HSP 70 or in levels of m-calpain. In vitro oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) significantly increased production of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the primary astrocytes. Guo did not alter ROS or IL-8 production when given to the astrocytes before OGD. However, Guo when added to the cells prior to or 30 min after reperfusion significantly reduced IL-8 release but not ROS formation. Our study revealed a dose- and time-dependent protective effect of Guo on reperfusion injury in vitro and vivo. The mechanisms by which Guo exerts its effect are independent of unfolded proteins in ER or the level of intracellular calcium or ROS formation. However, the effect may be induced, at least partially, by inhibiting IL-8, a marker of reperfusion-triggered proinflammatory events. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nearly 80% of strokes are caused by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) by a thrombus. Thus, effective stroke therapies require recanalization of occluded cerebral blood vessels. During cerebral ischemia, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced by the occlusion of blood vessels that supply vital oxygen to brain tissues. Reperfusion strategies (i.e., early intravenous thrombolytic therapy) to reestablish tissue perfusion in order to reduce neurological deficits and improve functional outcome have been the most effective therapies (The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 1995; Hacke et al., 2008; Fisher, 2011). However, reperfusion of ischemic brain tissue can also have harmful consequences, including breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, which can lead to cerebral edema and/or brain hemorrhage as well as neurovascular injury and neuronal death. In the acute phase of reperfusion injury (within the first 6 hr), reperfusion after ischemia causes oxidative stress, which is the result of overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. This, in turn, triggers many cellular and molecular events, including protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage, which can induce cell death (Sugawara and Chan, 2003; Saito et al., 2005; Jung et al., 2010). Reperfusion injury also recruits large numbers of inflammatory cells and causes other cellular and molecular cascades (Kidwell et al., 2000; Li et al., 2000; Warach and Latour, 2004). The complications resulting from reperfusion injury reduce the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy, hence the narrow therapeutic window (within 4–6 hr following stroke onset) of many thrombolytics on the market today. This has led to a search for strategies to protect the brain against such injuries or at least to limit these effects. Ultimately, the development of neuroprotective drugs with multiple effects on the ischemic cascade will impede the tissue and cellular consequences of the vascular occlusion and its removal (Endres et al, 2008; Fisher, 2011).
The purine nucleoside guanosine (Guo) has been shown to exist extracellularly and, like adenosine, to be an intercellular messenger demonstrating a plethora of both trophic and neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo (Rathbone et al., 1999, 2008; Ciccarelli et al., 2001; Traversa et al., 2002; Di Iorio et al., 2002, 2004; Pettifer et al., 2004, 2007; Moretto et al., 2005, 2009; Jiang et al., 2007, 2008a, b; Tavares et al., 2008; Su et al., 2009; Torres et al., 2010). Interestingly, after focal stroke in rats, Guo is elevated within 2 hr and remains high for 7 days (Uemura et al., 1991). This led to the investigation of the effects of exogenously administered Guo in stroke models, specifically, protection against combined oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro (Chang et al., 2008) and protection against stroke in an ex vivo model (Moretto et al., 2005, 2009), as well as in an in vivo rodent model of permanent ischemic stroke by MCA occlusion (MCAO; Rathbone et al., 2011).
In the present study, our groups collaborated in examining the neuroprotective effects of Guo in response to reperfusion injury using two different in vivo rat models of transient MCAO. We examined the effect of Guo not only on infarct size but also on molecular chaperones such as glucose-regulated proteins (GRP 78 and GRP 94) and the cytosolic heat-inducible protein HSP 70. Their induction has been shown to increase when protein synthesis is interrupted following ischemia, and unfolded proteins accumulate in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a result of changes in oxidative status and calcium homeostasis. In addition, the widespread overactivation of glutamate receptors in response to focal ischemia can produce a sudden increase in intracellular calcium concentrations, resulting in activation of the cysteine protease m-calpain (Siman and Noszek, 1988; Choi, 1995). Sustained calpain activation can result in cellular apoptosis (Sareen et al., 2007), and inhibition of calpain has been shown to provide neuroprotection in a model of focal ischemia (Hong et al., 1994). Therefore, we investigated the effect of Guo on m-calpain after transient cerebral ischemia. We also examined whether Guo has any effect on ROS formation and the inflammatory events in primary cultured astrocytes after induction of OGD in a model of in vitro reperfusion–ischemia
GIS based distribution system spatial load forecasting and the optimal planning of substation location and capacity
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