1,721,074 research outputs found
Self employment among Italian female graduates
Full text linkPurpose: To investigate the gender impact of tertiary education on the probability of entering and remaining in self employment. Design/methodology/approach: We exploit a data set on labour market flows produced by the Italian National Statistical Office by interviewing about 62,000 graduate and non graduate individuals in transition between five labour market states: Dependent workers; Self-Employed workers; Unemployed persons; Non active persons. From these data we constructed an average ten-year transition matrix (1993-2003) and investigated the flows between labour market conditions by applying Markovian analysis. Findings: Our data show that education significantly increases the probability of entering self employment for both male and female graduates, but it also significantly increases the transition from self employment to dependent employment for female graduates, thereby increasing the percentage of female graduates in paid employment and reducing the percentage of women in entrepreneurial activities. We argue that the disappointment provoked by the gender wage gap in paid employment may induce some female graduates with low entrepreneurial ability to set up on their own, but once in self employment they have lower survival rates than both men in self employment and women in paid employment. Thus, what we observe overall, is that education widens the gender gap between self employed workers and employees for individuals persisting in the same working condition. Originality/value: Our data enable us to shift the focus of the relationship between education and entrepreneurship from the probability of being self employed to the probability of entering and surviving in this condition
Age and Gender Differences in Italian Workers Mobility
No full textThis article studies the provenance and destination of individuals in mobility, by processing the data obtained by ISTAT (Italy's National Statistical Institute). Disaggregation of the data by sex reveals intermittent labour-force participation by the female component of the population. Disaggregation of the data by age group shows that this situation persists unchanged over time, given that substantial uniformity of behaviour is observed between young women and the female population as a whole. Tournament theort provides grounds to argue that this behaviour is Pareto inefficient because it obstructs the optimal allocation of talent in society. The conclusion is drawn that economic policy measures are necessary in order to alter the gender division of labour in its current form
Higher education in non-standard wage contracts
No full textAbstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to verify whether higher education increases the likelihood of
young Italian workers moving from non-standard to standard wage contracts.
Design/methodology/approach – The authors exploit a data set on labour market flows, produced
by the Italian National Statistical Office, by interviewing about 85,000 graduate and non-graduate
individuals aged 15-29 in transition between five labour market states: standard wage employment;
non-standard wage employment; self-employment; unemployment; inactivity. From these data, an
average six-year transition matrix was constructed whose coefficients can be interpreted as
probabilities of moving from one state to another over time.
Findings – As the authors find evidence for the so-called stepping stone hypothesis (that is, a higher
probability of moving to a permanent job for individuals starting from a temporary job), the authors
expect graduates to be more likely to pass from non-standard to standard wage contracts than
non-graduates, because the signalling effect of education is enhanced by the stepping stone effect of
non-standard wage contracts. Nevertheless, the authors find that non-standard wage contracts of
graduates are more likely to be terminated as bad job/worker matches.
Originality/value – This paper adds to the empirical literature on the probability of young workers
moving from non-standard wage contracts to a permanent job. By separating graduates from nongraduates,
it was found that education reduces the likelihood of passing from non-standard to
standard wage contracts. The authors interpret this result as evidence of the changing labour market
that makes it more difficult to infer the productivity of graduates as opposed to non-graduates.
Keywords Italy, Graduates, Labor market, Employment, Temporary workers, Permanent workers,
Labor market transitions, Non-standard wage contracts
Paper type Research pape
Principali caratteristiche demografiche con particolare attenzione alla famiglia nelle aree rurali
No full textSu un Indice di Sviluppo Economico e Sociale
No full textIl presente lavoro riconsidera in chiave critica la metodologia per la costruzione di un indice di sviluppo presentata da Confindustria. Il riferimento a studi sulla qualità della vita permette di elaborare uno strumento originale ed adeguato per l'analisi dello sviluppo economico e sociale del Paese. L'indice proposto, derivato a partire da una struttura iniziale di gruppo delle province italiane mediante una procedura reiterata di analisi multivariata, corrisponde alla prima discriminante canonica. Una struttura molto articolata delle correlazioni con le variabili originali, l'assenza di legame lineare con la popolazione, la modesta correlazione con la densità e la sua facile interpretabilità fanno dell'indice sintetico individuato un indicatore di particolare interesse nello studio dello sviluppo nei suoi molteplici aspetti. Se ne ottiene un panorama di luci ed ombre che ripropone con attualità il modello delle tre Italie, descritto da Bagnasco alla fine degli anni settanta
Part-time e capitale nell'agricoltura italiana: un'analisi statistica a livello comunale dei dati censuari
No full textSelf-employment among Italian female graduates
Full text linkWe investigate gender differences among Italian self employed graduates focusing on flow data from a ten-year labor market transition matrix (1993-2003). Our data show that tertiary education increases the share of self employment in total employment for male workers but reduces the share for female workers. We argue that the disappointment provoked by the gender wage gap in paid employment may induce some female graduates with low entrepreneurial ability to set up on their own, but once in self employment they have lower survival rates than both men in self employment and women in paid employment. Applying Markovian analysis to labor market transitions we confirm our hypothesis: female graduates rarely move from paid employment to self employment, but the reverse is often the case. Thus, what we observe overall, is that education reduces the percentage of women in self employment, and increases the percentage of women in paid employment
I lavori della commissione Istat sulle “metodologie per la classificazione del territorio”,
No full textToward a new cycle: Short-term population dynamics, gentrification, and re-urbanization of Milan (Italy)
Full text linkAfter sequential cycles of urbanization and suburbanization, European cities underwent a (more or less intense) re-urbanization wave. The present study analyzes short-term population dynamics in the core of a large metropolitan region (Milan, northern Italy), providing evidence of spatially-heterogeneous re-urbanization characterized by spatially-complex population growth (or shrinkage) at a local scale. Population dynamics over 1999-2017 were assessed in 88 urban districts partitioning Milan0s municipal area and projected up to 2036 for the same spatial units. Empirical results identify spatially-complex and temporally non-linear dynamics with expanding or declining districts distributed heterogeneously across the study area. Multivariate analysis outlines a generalized population decline during 1999-2008 and an opposite pattern afterward (2008-2017), with spatially-homogeneous population expansion expected in the near future. Spatial analysis finally highlights that local-scale population growth rates were more clustered in 2008-2017 than in 1999-2008. While the population decreased continuously in the inner districts (<1 km from the city centre), sub-central districts (1-5 km far from the city centre) experienced mixed patterns of population growth and stability. These results confirm the relevance of local-scale policies managing urban renewal and rehabilitation and promoting metropolitan expansion in a spatially-coordinated manner
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