112,141 research outputs found
On the construction of fuzzy measures for the analysis of poverty and social exclusion
No full textAbstract. This paper is a contribution to the analysis of deprivation seen as a multi-dimensional condition. Multi-dimensionality involves both monetary and diverse non-monetary aspects – the former as the incidence and intensity of low income, and the latter as a lack of access to other resources, facilities, social interactions and even individual attributes determining the life-style. Persistence and movement over time is an equally important aspect of the intensity of deprivation, requiring longitudinal study at the micro level and in the aggregate. Procedures similar to the ones developed here can also be extended to longitudinal analysis, but will not be pursued in this paper. A most useful tool for such analysis is to view deprivation as a matter of degree (or of degrees in several related dimensions), giving a quantitative expression to its intensity for individuals in different dimensions and at different times. Such "fuzzy " conceptualisation has been increasingly utilised in poverty and deprivation research. This paper aims to further develop and refine the strand of research which started with the contributions of Cerioli and Zani (1990) and Cheli and Lemmi (1995), and has been followed by a number of applications. Methodologically, the implementation of this approach has developed in two directions, with somewhat different emphasis despite their common orientation and framework. The first of these is typified by the contributions of Cheli (1995), Cheli and Betti (1999) and Betti et al. (2004), focusing more on the tim
Mycotoxins in silage : checkpoints for effective management and control
No full textSilage making increased considerably from the 1960s. At present, this practice is considered one of the most appropriate to preserve forage over extended time periods and to maintain nutritional value comparable to fresh pastures. Silage is widely used in farms and has a substantial role in animal production systems. Forage silage, as a source of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins, merits attention. The contribution of silages to total mycotoxin intake could be significant and sometimes greater than that of compound feed in ruminant diet, as forages are the main dry matter component. For dairy ruminants, the problem does not end in animal disease or production losses as the carry-over to milk and dairy products of mycotoxins or their metabolic products may eventually affect human health. Based on the increasing amounts of research, it is becoming clear that mycotoxins represent an unavoidable risk. When it comes to managing the challenge of moulds and mycotoxins in silages there are many factors with pre- and postharvest origins to take into account. Pre harvest is dictated by environment factors, whereas postharvest (silage making practices, differences in physical properties and environmental conditions within a silo, feed out phase) can be largely controlled by the farmer. Therefore, an effective mycotoxin management and control program should be personalized to each farm at an integrative level all along the silage production chain: crop growth in the field, silage making practices, and feed out phase.
The presentation will summarize the current knowledge regarding mycotoxin occurrence in silage as well as factors affecting their concentrations and distribution at harvest and during ensiling. With a specific focus on maize silage and grass silage, specific information and suggestions for “in field” decision making to precisely manage the mycotoxin burden and evaluate the acceptability for its use as animal feed will be given. The impact of sampling and analysis will also be discusse
Modern age of feed analysis
No full textDevelopment and application of different advanced methods (electronic nose, image
analysis and cell-based bioassays) for the screening of feed quality and safety are presented.
Performance of the methods like sensitivity, reliability, user friendliness and rapid use for a high
throughput screen analysis of feed properties are discussed
Micotossine nella Feed Supply Chain: stato dell'arte e prospettive future
No full textLe micotossine rappresentano un problema significativo per l'industria mangimistica con un elevato impatto sull'economia ed il commercio internazionale. Il problema principale associato a mangimi contaminati da micotossine non è tanto legato ad episodi acuti, ma ad esposizione cronica a bassi livelli di contaminazione con effetti negativi sulla salute, la produzione animale ed i prodotti di origine animale.
Recenti indagini, condotte per valutare l'incidenza delle micotossine nei mangimi, confermano che aflatossine, deossinivalenolo, fumonisine, ocratossina A, tossina T-2 e zearalenone sono le principali micotossine rilevate nei mangimi e che vi sono notevoli differenze per quanto riguarda il tipo e la prevalenza di contaminazione in diverse regioni del mondo, con una variabilità di contaminazione fortemente dipendente dalle condizioni climatiche regionali. I risultati indicano che nella maggior parte dei casi le concentrazioni sono abbastanza basse per garantire la conformità con i valori indicati dalle normative dell'UE. Tuttavia, un'alta percentuale di campioni di mangimi risultano contaminati da più micotossine, che possono influire sulla salute degli animali a causa di effetti additivi/sinergi delle micotossine già a basse dosi.
Generalmente le micotossine entrano nella filiera mangimistica attraverso colture contaminate destinate alla produzione di alimenti e mangimi, principalmente di cereali. Studi sul destino delle micotossine durante la trasformazione dei cereali hanno dimostrato che queste si concentrano nelle frazioni che comunemente sono utilizzate per l'alimentazione animale. Pertanto, la comprensione della distribuzione delle micotossine durante i processi tecnologici (macinazione, processi di fermentazione per la produzione di bio-etanolo e birra) rappresenta una tematica di interesse a livello mondiale. La disponibilità di tali dati può fornire una solida base di conoscenze per l’industria alimentare e mangimistica e gli enti istituzionali al fine di ridurre il rischio per l’animale e l’uomo, le ripercussioni commerciali negative, migliorare la sostenibilità dei processi produttivi agro-zootecnici ed agro-industriali, nonché permettere una revisione dei limiti normativi.
Per il controllo della contaminazione con micotossine nei mangimi, il campionamento e l’analisi rappresentano i punti critici. In tale ambito, l'uso di metodi rapidi rappresenta una delle sfide più importanti al fine di ottenere una diagnosi rapida e accurata della qualità dei mangimi che permetta una gestione efficace e sicura dei mangimi
Campioni accurati : la corretta procedura di campionamento delle derrate è decisiva per la sicurezza alimentare delle filiere
No full textLa corretta procedura di campionamento
delle derrate è decisiva per la sicurezza
alimentare delle filier
La carne rossa in un approccio di nutrizione totale : proteine, micronutrienti, vitamine e grassi polinsaturi : le indicazioni più recenti in fatto di consumo giornaliero
No full textFarm strategies to tackle mycotoxins in silages
No full textSilage making is a widespread practice to preserve forage. However, forage silage as a source of mycotoxins merits attention, considering that, on a dry matter (DM) basis, the silage is the main dietary component for ruminants. What can a farmer do to prevent mycotoxins in silage
Nyctelia recteplicata Flores & Cheli 2014, sp. nov.
No full textNyctelia recteplicata sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 5–6, 7) Diagnosis. Clypeus with two lateral depressions; pronotum widest at base, with two longitudinal depressions on lateral quarters occupying from anterior to posterior margins, with abundant big and small punctures all over the surface, the biggest one with a central, very short seta, more abundant on lateral quarters, separated by a distance equal to or lower than diameter of one puncture on lateral quarters and by a distance equal to diameter of two punctures on disc, internal surface of lateral margin without a shallow groove; elytron with small terminal apophysis semicircular, with 4-6 straight, deep, transverse grooves arranged oblique towards apex, forming an acute angle with suture, not reaching elytral middline of elytra. Nyctelia recteplicata sp. nov. superficially resembles N. laticauda Burmeister and N. latiplicata Kulzer by having elytron with terminal apophysis semicircular and transverse grooves oblique towards apex, forming an acute angle with suture. N. recteplicata sp. nov. differs from these species by having pronotum with big punctures separated on lateral quarters by a distance equal to or lower than diameter of one puncture and on disc by a distance as long as diameter of two punctures (Fig. 2) while N. laticauda and N. latiplicata have big punctures on the pronotum densely uniformly, separated by a distance equal to or lower than diameter of one puncture throughout the surface. In addition, N. recteplicata sp. nov. has pronotum with lateral margins oblique between head and humeral elytron (Fig. 2) while in N. latiplicata the lateral margins of the pronotum are concave in the anterior half and parallel in posterior half (Kulzer 1963: Plate IV, Fig. 5). In N. recteplicata sp. nov. the elytral grooves are straight (Fig. 2), while sinuate in N. laticauda (Flores 2007: Figs. 1–2). The non-type specimen illustrated by Kulzer 1963 (Plate 4, Fig. 8) for N. planicauda Fairmaire (synonymized by Flores 2007 with N. laticauda) corresponds to N. recteplicata sp. nov. Description. Length 18.0-22.0 mm. Body black, antennae, legs black to dark brown. Head. Clypeus with sparse big punctures each with a central, short seta, separated by a distance as diameter of 3-4 punctures, with two lateral depressions; clypeal suture shallow, with abundant small and dense punctures separated by a distance as long as diameter of 1-2 punctures; frons glabrous, with no punctures; antennae reaching middle of lateral margin of pronotum. Thorax. Pronotum wide (W/L ≥ 2.0), with two longitudinal apophyseal depressions on lateral quarters (defined by Iwan 2004 and Raś & Kamiński 2013 for Ectateus generic group, Tenebrionidae: Platynotini), disc raised, higher than lateral margins; pronotum with abundant big and small punctures all over the surface, the biggest with a central, very short seta, more abundant on lateral quarters, separated on lateral quarters by a distance equal to or lower than diameter of one puncture and on disc by a distance equal to diameter of two punctures; anterior margin conspicuous with flange, lateral margin without groove on internal surface; pronotum widest at base, posterior margin biconcave, as wide as base of elytra (Fig. 2); proepisternum among individuals with sparse or abundant long setae arising from punctures; prosternal process rounded, expanded distally, not extended over mesosternum. Elytra oval, arched, glabrous, shiny, entire surface rugose, with small terminal apophysis semicircular, suture sunken all along its length, with two adjacent elevated, smooth, longitudinal areas along the length of elytra; with 4–6 straight, deep, transverse grooves oblique towards apex, forming an acute angle with suture, not reaching elytral middle, the internal one sometimes parallel to suture on anterior half of elytron, intervals wide, convex (Fig. 2); lateral margin thick, flat, straight, without edge and not crenulate, marked by small transverse striae; pseudopleuron rugose, lacking protuberances or punctures, with two shallow longitudinal grooves (striae); with setae arising on punctures only from ventral surface of terminal apophysis; epipleuron smooth and glabrous, conspicuously edged only on anterior half, anterior quarter four times as wide as posterior half. Legs. Profemora without tuft of setae on dorsal surface and with no row of setae on ventral surface; meso, metafemora almost glabrous. Tibiae not crenulated. Male genitalia. Basal piece of tegmen short (B/E ≤ 1.00); parameres of tegmen with apex narrow, proximal margin ventrally bisinuate, widest at base, with a tuft of setae on distal 1/6 of ventral surface (Fig. 6); median lobe moderate (0.75 <L/T ≤ 1.00), with apical aperture small, apex rounded, half the width of parameres of tegmen, of equal width throughout (Fig. 5). Etymology. Named recteplicata from latin recte (=straight) and plicat (=folding) to indicate the straight, transverse intervals arranged oblique towards apex. Type material. Holotype, male: [Argentina: Chubut, Dto. Telsen / Cañada La Leona, 19 km N Gan Gan, 1071 m / 42º 15’ 15.12” S / 68º 15’ 29.12” W / 20-XI-2006, Coll: G. Cheli] [Nyctelia / recteplicata n. sp. / HOLOTYPUS male/ Det. G. Flores and/ G. Cheli 2013] (IADIZA). Allotype, female: [Argentina: Chubut / Dto. Cushamen, Ruta Prov. 35/ 4 km N Gualjaina 543 m / 42.667031ºS, 70.490281º W / 17-I-2013 Coll: V. Werenkraut] (IADIZA) and 13 paratypes (12 males and one female) with the same data as holotype (4 males and one female IADIZA, 2 CNP-CE, 1 FMNH, 1 HNHM, 1 IFML, 1 MLPA, 1 MNNC, 1 NHMB); two paratypes: [Cerro Mesa/ Chubut / I-1968, Coll: R. Palma] (MACN) and [Co. Mesa/ I-1970] (MACN); one paratype: [Rca, Argentina / Gob. Rio Negro/ 1900/ C. Bruch] [Bariloche] [Foto] (MACN); three paratypes: [Paso Flores / (575 m. s.n.m.)/ Neuquén, Arg./ 17-X-1969 / Lg: M. Gentili] (IADIZA); one paratype: [P. (pro Piedra) del Aguila, Neuquén/ 8-X-1958] [Leg: M. Gentili] (IADIZA). Distribution and habitat. Nyctelia recteplicata sp. nov. is widespread in northwest Patagonia (Fig. 7), living in the provinces of Chubut, Rio Negro and Neuquén. This species shares its habitat with several other Nyctelia species (N. laticauda Burmeister, N. porcata Burmeister, N. darwini Waterhouse, N. rotundipennis Fairmaire and N. unicostata Fairmaire); and also other tenebrionid species such as Epipedonota nitida (Philippi & Philippi), Platesthes pilosa Kulzer, Praocis fimbriata Burmeister, and Scotobius alaticollis Kulzer. Ecological notes. This species lives in sandy habitats of Chubut, Río Negro and Neuquén provinces at altitudes ranging from 540-1135 m (Fig. 7). These areas belong to Sierras y Mesetas Occidentales and Pastizales Subandinos biozones (del Valle et al. 1995; INTA 2006) and, biogeographically, these habitats correspond to Central Patagonia (Sierras y Mesetas Occidentales biozone) and Sub Andean Patagonia provinces (Pastizales Subandinos) (Morrone 2002). Physiographically, Pastizales Subandinos corresponds to grass steppe with 50-70 % vegetation cover, mostly dominated by Pappostipa speciosa and Festuca pallescens associated with scrubland; while Sierras y Mesetas Occidentales are dominated by shrub-herbaceous steppe with 30-60 % vegetation cover, where the dominant floristic elements are, Pappostipa spp. Poa ligularis, Senecio filaginoides, Mulinum spinosum and Nassauvia spp. (Del Valle et al. 1995; INTA 2006).Published as part of Flores, Gustavo E. & Cheli, Germán H., 2014, Two new species of Nyctelia Latreille (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Argentinean Patagonia with zoogeographical and ecological remarks, pp. 279-287 in Zootaxa 3765 (3) on pages 283-285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/490963
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