1,721,011 research outputs found
Totally Fuzzy and Relative Measures of Poverty Dynamics in an Italian Pseudo Panel, 1985-1994
No full textManifestations of a number of social and economic phenomena are commonly perceived as dichotomous: welfare-poverty, employment-unemployment, health-illness, etc.. However these phenomena are intrinsically fuzzy, therefore a statistical analysis with binary variables oversimplifies reality and tends to wipe out all the nuances that exist between the two opposite extremes. Such a problem is especially relevant in the case of dynamic analyses on panel data, where the use of binary variables is required if one of the available discrete states models is to be applied. In order to avoid such a rigid simplification it is possible to follow a fuzzy approach which is coherent with the intrinsic nature of the studied phenomenon. This paper deals with the dynamic model with fuzzy states recently proposed and developed in a series of papers (Cheli, 1995; Cheli and Betti, 1999; Betti, Cheli and Lemmi 2002). Here we basically aim to summarise its theory and to develop it by means of a series of theorems and by introducing two new statistical tools that we called Dynamic Indices and Average Transition Matrices. Although the scope of this paper is essentially methodological, we also present an application to the analysis of poverty dynamics in Great Britain from 1991 to 1997
Panel and pseudo panel techniques for living condition analysis
No full textManifestations of a number of social and economic phenomena are commonly perceived as dichotomous: welfare-poverty, employment-unemployment, health-illness, etc. However these phenomena are intrinsically fuzzy, therefore a statistical analysis with binary variables oversimplifies reality and tends to wipe out all the nuances that exist between the two opposite extremes. Such a problem is especially relevant in the case of dynamic analyses on panel data, where the use of binary variables is required if one of the available discrete states models is to be applied. In order to avoid such a rigid simplification it is possible to follow a fuzzy approach which is coherent with the intrinsic nature of the studied phenomenon. This paper describes the dynamic model with fuzzy states proposed recently and already applied to the analysis of poverty and unemployment dynamics. Here we basically aim to deepen and develop its theory but we also present an application to the analysis of poverty dynamics in Great Britain from 1991 to 1997
A statistical model for the dynamics between two fuzzy states: theory and application to poverty analysis
No full textManifestations of a number of social and economic phenomena are commonly perceived as dichotomous: welfare-poverty, employment-unemployment, health-illness, etc.. However these phenomena are intrinsically fuzzy, therefore a statistical analysis with binary variables oversimplifies reality and tends to wipe out all the nuances that exist between the two opposite extremes. Such a problem is especially relevant in the case of dynamic analyses on panel data, where the use of binary variables is required if one of the available discrete states models is to be applied. In order to avoid such a rigid simplification it is possible to follow a fuzzy approach which is coherent with the intrinsic nature of the studied phenomenon. This paper deals with the dynamic model with fuzzy states recently proposed and developed in a series of papers (Cheli, 1995; Cheli and Betti, 1999; Betti, Cheli and Lemmi 2002). Here we basically aim to summarise its theory and to develop it by means of a series of theorems and by introducing two new statistical tools that we called Dynamic Indices and Average Transition Matrices. Although the scope of this paper is essentially methodological, we also present an application to the analysis of poverty dynamics in Great Britain from 1991 to 1997
Disoccupazione e condizioni di vita: dinamiche e relazioni nella realtà degli anni novanta
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A fuzzy approach to the measurement of employment and unemployment
No full textThis chapter defines fuzzy measures of employment and unemployment using available information on the weekly number of hours worked and on the desire or need of workers to work more hours. The way in which the employed, unemployed and inactive population groups are identified affects the value of employment and unemployment rates. The unemployment rate is defined as the share of the total labour force that is unemployed, whereas the employment rate is the share of the working age population that is employed. A fuzzy measure of employment reflects the unmet need among the employed for working additional hours, thus accounting for labour under-utilisation. The concept of labour under-utilisation encompasses both time-related underemployment and involuntary part-time employment. The largest upward correction is seen among female workers, workers between 55 and 64 years old, foreign-born workers, third-secondary educated and those living in the North
Measuring Poverty in the countries in transition via TFR method: the case study of Poland in 1990-91
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