114,223 research outputs found
Women in the Novels of Bankimchandra Chatterjee, Saratchandra Chatterjee and Rabindranath Tagore
No full textNot availabl
Public Transport, Accessibility, and User Satisfaction: Improving Equity and Social Well-being
No full textItalyAbstractThis chapter focuses on various aspects of local public transport (LPT) with bus services in Italian regions, focusing on the interaction between public transport utilization, user satisfaction, and access to essential services. It highlights the critical role of efficient public transport systems in promoting sustainable development and social well-being in the context of increasing urbanization. Using data from the 2023 ISTAT multi-purpose survey, the study combines variables through the unweighted z-score method to construct three indices: satisfaction, utilization, and ease of access. Spearman’s rank correlation is applied to analyze the relationships among these indices. The findings reveal significant regional disparities in public transport satisfaction and accessibility. Regions such as Trentino Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli-Venezia Giulia demonstrate high performance across all indices, serving as examples of best practices. In contrast, regions like Molise and Sicilia face notable challenges in both utilization and satisfaction. The results underscore the importance of improving accessibility to enhance user satisfaction and promote greater public transport usage. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted investments in public transport infrastructure and services to address regional inequalities. By improving accessibility and service quality, policymakers can foster social equity and support sustainable urban development
Triparatanais Bamber & Chatterjee 2010
No full textTriparatanais Bamber & Chatterjee, 2010 Diagnosis. Modified from Bamber & Chatterjee (2010). Female. Paratanaidin, with eyes present. Pereonites all shorter than broad. Pleonites 1–4 epimera with simple seta and thick circumplumose seta. Antennule of three longer articles with or without minute distal article, article-1 with incomplete division, distal article with eccentric distal tip (apical spur). Antenna article-2 without ventral expansion or distal seta-bearing apophyses. Mandible left molar apex cleft or uncleft. Maxillule endite with nine terminal spines (some hooked). Maxilliped endites with round or incisor-shaped distal tubercles. Cheliped palm with slender distolateral spine adjacent to fixed finger; dactylus with or without slender ventral spines. Pereopod-1 basis with or without superior seta. Pereopods 2–3 carpus inferodistal crotchets molariform or longer than broad, unequal. Pereopods 4–6 coxa simple; merus with one or two inferodistal crotchets (one molariform in T. meios); carpus with paired inferior spinulate ridges, one superodistal seta and two or four distal crotchets, one molariform. Uropod peduncle shorter than endopod; endopod two-segmented; exopod one-segmented, shorter than segment-1 of endopod. Male. Unknown. Remarks. Although with an extensive diagnosis, the defining character of Triparatanais is the partiallydivided antennule article-1 (see also Bamber & Chatterjee 2010: 22), unlike the fully-fused article of Periparatanais. Useful features are the relatively short cheliped fixed finger/dactylus in relation to the palm and presence of molariform crotchets on the merus (T. meios Bamber & Chatterjee, 2010) and carpus of pereopods 4–6.Published as part of Bird, Graham J., 2019, Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Southern French Polynesia Expedition, 2014. I. Tanaidomorpha, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4548 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4548.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/258442
Bodotriidae T. Scott 1901
No full textFamily Bodotriidae T. Scott, 1901 Diagnosis. Telson fused with last pleonite as pleotelson; males with 5, occasionally 3, 2, 0 pairs of pleopods; uropodal endopod with 1 or 2 articles.Published as part of Petrescu, Iorgu, Chatterjee, Tapas & Schizas, Nikolaos V., 2016, New species and new records of Cumacea (Crustacea: Peracarida: Cumacea) from mesophotic reefs of Puerto Rico and U. S. Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea, pp. 1-78 in Zootaxa 4199 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4199.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/16848
Gynodiastylis bacescui Petrescu & Chatterjee, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textG <i>ynodiastylis bacescui</i> sp. nov. <p>(Fig. 2 A–J)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype manca (MGAB CUM 1689). South Andaman: Wandoor (11°40.55’N, 92°45.12’E), Port Blair, Andaman Islands, intertidal sediments among macroalgae (<i>Padina</i> sp.), December 2005; coll. T. Chatterjee.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Elongated carapace, rounded and large telson, reaching half of uropodal peduncle, basis of maxilliped 3 with one short outer plumose seta, uropodal endopod with three articles.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Manca. Body, 3.39 mm in length.</p> <p>Carapace (Fig. 2 B). 0.42 of entire body length, 1.7 longer than high, pseudorostral lobes about 0.34 of frontal lobe, ocular lobe, large, rounded, without any visual elements, distinct antennal notch, slight serrate ventral margin.</p> <p>Pereon. 0.14 of entire body length, first segment hardly visible dorsally.</p> <p>Pleon. 0.5 of entire body length, segments robust.</p> <p>Antenna 1 (Fig. 2 C, D). Short, basal article of peduncle as long as other two articles together, main flagellum with three articles and aesthetascs, accessory flagellum with two articles and one apical sensory seta.</p> <p>Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 2 E). Basis 0.45 times as long as entire maxilliped length, two plumose setae on medial margin, without outer process, ischium with one short plumose seta, merus with one long plumose seta on outer margin, carpus as long as ischium and merus together, with one short plumose seta on outer margin, propodus 1.13 times as long as carpus, two short pappose setae on medial margin, dactylus 1.24 times as long as propodus, with short hairs on medial margin. Exopod, small, with three-articled flagellum.</p> <p>Pereopod 1 (Fig. 2 F). Large basis with serrate medial margin, 3 pappose apical setae, rest of pereopod broken. Exopod 2.25 times as long as exopod of maxilliped 3.</p> <p>Pereopod 2 (Fig. 2 G). Basis 0.32 of entire pereopod length, twice as long as merus, as long as propodus and dactylus together, dactylus 1.15 times as long as propodus. Exopod fully developed.</p> <p>Pereopod 3 (Fig. 2 H). Large articles, basis 0.43 times as long as entire pereopod length, 1.5 times as long as merus, merus second largest article, 2.2 times as long as ischium, 2.7 times as long as carpus, 1.12 times as long as propodus, propodus 1.14 times as long as dactylus, dactylus with short terminal robust curved seta like a claw.</p> <p>Pereopod 4 (Fig. 2 I). Large articles, basis 0.39 times as long as entire pereopod length, merus 2 times as long as ischium, 2.7 times as long as carpus, 1.5 times as long as propodus, propodus 0.8 times as long as dactylus, dactylus with short terminal robust curved seta like a claw.</p> <p>Uropod (Fig. 2 J). Peduncle as long as last pleonite, with strongly serrate medial margin, 1.19 times as long as endopod, exopod 0.6 times as long as endopod, with two articles, one robust curved terminal seta, endopod with three articles, proximal article 1.5 times as long as median article, with robust curved terminal seta. Telson round and large, 0.66 times as wide as last pleonite, 0.52 times as long as uropodal peduncle.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named in honour of Mihai Bäcescu (1908–1999), famous Romanian specialist in Cumacea, and master of the first author (IP).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> G <i>ynodiastylis bacescui</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> resembles <i>G. carinirostris</i> Hale (1946) and <i>G. hartmeyeri</i> Zimmer (1914), both of them recorded from New South Wales, Bass Strait (Australia), in having a carapace much longer than high and a uropodal endopod with three articles. It differs from <i>G. carinirostris</i> by lacking visual elements and from <i>G. hartmeyeri</i> by having a more rounded telson. Such a round telson can also be found in <i>G. fulgida</i> Day (1980) and <i>G. profunda</i> Day (1980), both from South Africa and with a uropodal endopod with one article and in <i>G. blax</i> Gerken (2001) from South Australia (with a shorter telson than the new species from Andaman and a uropodal endopod with two articles). <i>G. bacescui</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from all of these species in having the basis of maxilliped 3 with a short plumose outer seta (in contrast with three or four outer setae in the other above-mentioned species) and especially by its enlarged merus of pereopod 3. This is the first record of the genus <i>Gynodiastylis</i> from India.</p>Published as part of <i>Petrescu, Iorgu & Chatterjee, Tapas, 2011, New species and new records of cumaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida: Cumacea) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean, pp. 51-57 in Zootaxa 2966</i> on pages 55-56, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/201857">10.5281/zenodo.201857</a>
Robust hyperspectral image reconstruction for scene simulation applications
No full textThis thesis presents the development of a spectral reconstruction method for multispectral (MSI) and hyperspectral (HSI) applications through an enhanced dictionary learning and spectral unmixing methodologies. Earth observation/surveillance is largely undertaken by MSI sensing such as that given by the Landsat, WorldView, Sentinel etc, however, the practical usefulness of the MSI data set is very limited. This is mainly because of the very limited number of wave bands that can be provided by the MSI imagery. One means to remedy this major shortcoming is to extend the MSI into HSI without the need of involving expensive hardware investment. Specifically, spectral reconstruction has been one of the most critical elements in applications such as Hyperspectral scene simulation. Hyperspectral scene simulation has been an important technique particularly for defence applications. Scene simulation creates a virtual scene such that modelling of the materials in the scene can be tailored freely to allow certain parameters of the model to be studied. In the defence sector this is the most cost-effective technique to allow the vulnerability of the soldiers/vehicles to be evaluated before they are deployed to a foreign ground. The simulation of a hyperspectral scene requires the details of materials in the scene, which is normally not available. Current state-of-the-art technology is trying to make use of the MSI satellite data, and to transform it into HSI for the hyperspectral scene simulation. One way to achieve this is through a reconstruction algorithm, commonly known as spectral reconstruction, which turns the MSI into HSI using an optimisation approach. The methodology that has been adopted in this thesis is the development of a robust dictionary learning to estimate the endmember (EM) robustly. Once the EM is found the abundance of materials in the scene can be subsequently estimated through a linear unmixing approach. Conventional approaches to the material allocation of most Hyperspectral scene simulator has been using the Texture Material Mapper (TMM) algorithm, which allocates materials from a spectral library (a collection of pre-compiled endmember iii iv materials) database according to the minimum spectral Euclidean distance difference to a candidate pixel of the scene. This approach has been shown (in this work) to be highly inaccurate with large scene reconstruction error. This research attempts to use a dictionary learning technique for material allocation, solving it as an optimisation problem with the objective of: (i) to reconstruct the scene as closely as possible to the ground truth with a fraction of error as that given by the TMM method, and (ii) to learn materials which are trace (2-3 times the number of species (i.e. intrinsic dimension) in the scene) cluster to ensure all material species in the scene is included for the scene reconstruction. Furthermore, two approaches complementing the goals of the learned dictionary through a rapid orthogonal matching pursuit (r-OMP) which enhances the performance of the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm; and secondly a semi-blind approximation of the irradiance of all pixels in the scene including those in the shaded regions, have been proposed in this work. The main result of this research is the demonstration of the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms using real data set. The SCD-SOMP has been shown capable to learn both the background and trace materials even for a dictionary with small number of atoms (≈10). Also, the KMSCD method is found to be the more versatile with overcomplete (non-orthogonal) dictionary capable to learn trace materials with high scene reconstruction accuracy (2x of accuracy enhancement over that simulated using the TMM method. Although this work has achieved an incremental improvement in spectral reconstruction, however, the need of dictionary training using hyperspectral data set in this thesis has been identified as one limitation which is needed to be removed for the future direction of research
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Copidognathus bruneiensis Chatterjee, Marshall & Pešić, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textCopidognathus bruneiensis sp. nov. (Figures 4–6) Material examined: Holotype, 3, Brunei Darussalam, Kota Batu, Sangai Brunei Estuary and Bay, 4 º 56 'N, 115 º 1 'E, 10.iii. 2011, mud flats and algae covering the pneumatophores of Avicennia marina mangrove trees, leg. T. Chatterjee & D. J. Marshall. Paratypes: three 33 and three ƤƤ, collection data same as holotype. Description: Male: Idiosoma 300–337 µm long. All dorsal plates separate. AD with one anterior and one fused middle areolae. Areolae and costae on dorsal plates made up of porose panel. Pair of ds 1 anteriorly of middle areola on AD. A pair of gland pores near anterolateral margin of AD. AD 87 µm long, 92 µm wide. OC 97 µm long, 50 µm wide (length to width ratio about 1.92), posteriorly caudiform; each with two corneae (in a few specimens posterior cornea slightly constricted in the middle); areola ventromedially between the two corneae; gland pore close to cornea (away from lateral margin); pore canaliculus present on lateral margin of OC and posterior to posterior cornea; ds 2 located at anteromedial part of OC. PD 218 µm long, 158 µm wide, arched anteriorly; paired middle costae two porose panels wide, paired lateral costae one-two porose panels wide, middle and lateral costae joined anteriorly, rest of the plate reticulately panelled; ds 3 -ds 5 on PD between middle and lateral costae. A pair of gland pores on posterior part of PD at middle costae. All ventral plates separate. AE 105 µm long, 87 µm wide, with three pairs of setae and a pair of epimeral pores. Epimeral process absent. Each PE with three ventral setae and one dorsal seta. GA longer than AE. GA 159 µm long, 132 µm wide, GO 51 µm long. Distance between anterior end of GO and that of GA, 69 µm, about 1.40 times the length of GO, 14–16 PGS present, four pairs of SGS present, first, second and fourth pair thin, while third pair thick and spur-like. Spermatopositor large, extending 50 µm ahead from anterior margin of GO. Distance between posterior end of GO and that of GA 36 µm. Gnathosoma 108 µm long, 62 µm wide, about 1.70 times longer than wide. Rostrum about 0.75 times longer than gnathosomal base, 0.43 of total gnathosoma; rostrum tip extending near anterior end of P 2. Palp consisting of four segments. P 1 and P 3 without a seta. P 2 with one dorsal seta distally. P 4 with three long proximal setae, one minute distal seta. P 2 longer than P 4. Proto- and deuto- rostral setae situated at tip of rostrum., tritorostral setae (long maxillary setae of rostrum) on anterior half of rostrum (at about 0.36 of total rostrum length), gnathosomal base with a pair of setae (basirostral setae) anteriorly. Rostral sulcus extending near tritorostral setae. Gnathosomal base ventrolaterally porose. Tectum slightly arched. Chaetotaxy of legs: trochanters I–IV, 1 - 1 - 1 -0; basifemora I–IV, 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; telofemora I–IV, 5 - 5 - 2 - 2; genua I–IV, 4 - 4 - 3 - 3; tibiae I–IV, 7 - 7 - 5 - 5; tarsi (PAS excluded) I–IV, 7 - 4 - 4 - 4. Telofemora III and IV devoid of ventral setae. Tibia I with two long, smooth, pointed ventral setae and one short, thick, proximoventral seta. Tibia II with one slender, smooth ventral seta and two ventromedial bipectinate setae (distal bipectinate seta longer than proximal seta). Tibia III with one thick, bipectinate ventromedial seta. All setae of tibia IV smooth. Tarsus I with three dorsal setae, one solenidion, three ventral setae and two doublet eupathidia PAS. Tarsus II with three dorsal setae, one solenidion and two doublet eupathidia PAS. Tarsus III –IV each with four dorsal setae (distance between two basal setae almost equal or slightly more than height of tarsus) and two PAS (one small spur-like and one seta like). All legs with two lateral claws and a bidentate median claw. Lateral claws with accessory process dorsally. Lateral claws of tarsi II–IV with delicate tines. Female: Idiosoma 299–305 µm long. Structure and armature of body parts resemble the male except that of the GA region. GA 159 µm long, 120 µm wide, GO 69 µm long; distance between anterior end of GO and that of GA 62 µm, about 1.30 times of length of GO. Three pairs of PGS present, anterior pair just above the level of anterior margin of GO, middle pair near the middle and third pair near posterior side of GO. Ovipositor small, just extending beyond anterior margin of GO. Pair of SGS on anterior part of genital sclerites. Etymology: Named after the country where collected. Remarks: The new species has some similarities with members of the ‘ pulcher group’ (Bartsch 1984, 1998; Chatterjee & Chang 2006), in having areolae and costae comprising the porose panel, rosette pores lacking, a pair of gland pores near anterolateral margin of AD, a single pair of gland pores in the posterior portion of PD, the basal-most of the three ventral setae on tibia I short and thick; telofemora III–IV without a ventral seta. However, Copidognathus bruneiensis sp. nov., differs from the species of the ‘ pulcher group’ in having tarsi III–IV each with four dorsal setae. The OC in the ‘ pulcher group’ is small and triangular, while in the present species OC is bigger and caudiform posteriorly. Most of the species of the ‘ pulcher group’ also contain two pairs of basirostral setae on the gnathosoma (or more than two pairs in males of some species) whereas one pair of basirostral setae is found in C. bruneiensis. Among the members of the ‘ pulcher group’ C. triops Viets, 1936 from Caribbean area and C. uniscustatus Bartsch, 1984 from Philippines and Mexico (Viets 1936; Bartsch 1984; Chatterjee & De Troch 2001) have one pair of basirostral setae but differ from the new species in having a pectinate seta on tibia IV. All dorsal plates are fused in C. uniscustatus. C. bengalensis Chatterjee, Annapurna & Chang, 2003 from India (Chatterjee et al. 2003), a species related to the ‘ pulcher group’, lacks the bipectinate setae on tibia IV (as in the present species) but differs in having a completely subdivided posterior cornea on OC, small triangular OC, two pairs of basirostral setae in female, ds 3 on membranous integument and tarsi III–IV with three dorsal setae each. Moreover, in the present new species ds 2 is on the anteromedial part of the OC. The present new species shares some characters with members of the ‘ curassaviensis group’ (Bartsch 1996), including having dorsal plates with porose panels, enlarged gland-pores, the PD with a single pair of gland pores posteriorly, a small ovipositor extending only slightly beyond the GO, telofemora III–IV with two setae each (and no ventral setae) and genu IV with three setae. However, the present species cannot be assigned to the ‘ curassaviensis group’ because it has the rostrum extending only up to the end of P 2 (the palp slightly extends beyond the rostrum in ‘ curassaviensis group’). Further, in the ‘ curassaviensis group’, tibia I has two thick spur-like ventral setae, while the present species has only one small similar seta proximoventrally on tibia I.Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Marshall, David J & Pešić, Vladimir, 2012, New records of Copidognathus mites (Acari: Halacaridae) from mangroves in Brunei Darussalam with descriptions of two new species, pp. 18-30 in Zootaxa 3269 on pages 23-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21091
Local travel: Number five in a series of eight reports from the transport visions network
No full textTikisuchus romeri Chatterjee & Majumdar 1987
No full textTIKISUCHUS ROMERI Tikisuchus romeri Chatterjee & Majumdar is a rauisuchian from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India, known from a single incomplete specimen, ISI R 305. The osteology of this taxon has been described only briefly by Chatterjee & Majumdar (1987). These authors figured a restoration of the braincase in posterior view and presented the following description: ‘braincase very deep with elongated and well pronounced basipterygoid processes; supraoccipital tapers dorsally and makes a movable contact with parietal’ (Chatterjee & Majumdar, 1987: 788). Furthermore, they (p. 787) included ‘ossified laterosphenoid’ in a list of archosaurian features possessed by the specimen. I have re-examined this material as part of this study. The surface preservation of ISI R 305 is very crumbly, and sutures and other details are hard to make out. In addition, several regions of the braincase are not preserved or could not be located at the time of this study. This makes it impossible to comment on the laterosphenoids (which could not be located), exoccipitals, metotic region, fenestra ovalis. The paroccipital processes are fairly short with strong distal expansions. The basioccipital bears dorsal facets that indicate that the ventral ends of the exoccipitals met along the midline to form the ventral border of the foramen magnum. The basal tubera of the basioccipital are barely bilobed. There is no sign that the entrance foramina for the cerebral branches of the internal carotid arteries were located on the posterior or posteroventral wall of the parabasisphenoid. The anterolateral surfaces of the same element are even less perfectly preserved, but I tentatively interpret that this is where the foramina for the cerebral branch of the internal carotid artery are positioned. The braincase of T. romeri resembles that of P. kirkpatricki, particularly in the elongated region of the parabasisphenoid between the basipterygoid processes and the basal tubera, and in the way this region harbours a dorsoventrally elongate median pharyngeal recess. This is a derived feature within Suchia, and it represents a potential synapomorphy shared by P. kirkpatricki and T. romeri to the exclusion of other known suchians, including B. kupferzellensis (although the braincase UMMP 7473 appears to possess a similar feature, see above). One clear difference between the parabasisphenoids of P. kirkpatricki and T. romeri lies in the presence of paired short hook-like (in the transverse plane) processes on the parabasisphenoid of the latter taxon. These are not apparent in Chatterjee & Majumdar’s (1987) figure 2, but they can be clearly detected on the posterior surface of the element between the bases of the basipterygoid processes. In summary, rauisuchian braincases are slowly becoming better known. The braincases of B. kupferzellensis, S. galilei, P. kirkpatricki and T. romeri share many features. Most of these are apparently plesiomorphic for Archosauria (e.g. undivided metotic foramen, external foramina for hypoglossal nerve not posterior to subvertical ridge), some are probably derived for Archosauria (e.g. well ossified otic bullae, lateral foramen for the cerebral branch of the internal carotid artery), but few if any seem to be both derived for Suchia and restricted to rauisuchians. The elongate median pharyngeal recess of P. kirkpatricki and T. romeri is perhaps the only such character. B. kupferzellensis and P. kirkpatricki share a separate foramen possibly for the posterior cerebral/cephalic vein above the dorsal end of the metotic foramen, but a probable equivalent is also present in at least some crocodilians, and the condition in S. galilei and T. romeri is unknown.Published as part of Gower, David J., 2002, Braincase evolution in suchian archosaurs (Reptilia: Diapsida): evidence from the rauisuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis, pp. 49-76 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00025.x, http://zenodo.org/record/543604
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