54,226 research outputs found
Women in the Novels of Bankimchandra Chatterjee, Saratchandra Chatterjee and Rabindranath Tagore
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Rhabdophrya mumbaiensis Chatterjee & Dovgal & Sautya 2022, n. sp.
No full textRhabdophrya mumbaiensis n. sp. (Fig. 2A–B, 3A–E) Diagnosis: Aloricate, stalked suctorian ciliate with elongated, very slightly laterally flattened, saсciform body with distinct longitudinal folds (Fig. 3A, C). The edges of the body are somewhat thinner than the central part (Fig. 3 B, D). There are up to 33 tentacles, which are rod-like with conically enlarged bases, arranged in two rows along the length of the body lateral edge. Macronucleus ellipsoidal, positioned in the lower part of the cell body. Stalk about the same length as the body, or some longer, transparent, furnished with noticeable longitudinal fold and with widening (physon) in contact zone with the base of the body. Reproduction not observed. Measurements (in µm, based on two individuals): Body length 74–87; body width 32–33; body thickness 23; stalk length 35–51; stalk width 7–11; physon width 11–16; dimensions of macronucleus 16–19×9–11; tentacle length 11–41; number of the tentacles 26–33. Type materials: Type materials for new species are deposited (by third author Sabyasachi Sautya) at CSIRNational Institute of Oceanography Taxonomic Reference Centre, Mumbai, India (CSIR-NIO). Type locality: Navy-Nagar, Mumbai intertidal coralline region; latitude 18°54’17.05’’N longitude 72°48’08.09’’E west coast of India, the Arabian Sea (Fig. 1). Type host: Benthic harpacticoid copepods (Fig. 2A, B). Localization (Attachment place of epibiont on basibiont): Thoracal segments of harpacticoid hosts (Fig. 2A, B). Differential diagnosis: The new species is most relative to R. truncata, R. nymphonis and R. populiformis but differs from these species by ellipsoid instead of band-like macronucleus and presence of physon. The new species differs from R. trimorpha by long stalk with physon and by shorter, compact cell body. Etymology: The specific epithet reflects the type locality Mumbai.Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor & Sautya, Sabyasachi, 2022, A new species of genus Rhabdophrya (Ciliophora: Suctorea) from the west coast of India and comments on the genus taxonomy, pp. 293-300 in Zootaxa 5178 (3) on pages 294-297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/702632
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Public Transport, Accessibility, and User Satisfaction: Improving Equity and Social Well-being
No full textItalyAbstractThis chapter focuses on various aspects of local public transport (LPT) with bus services in Italian regions, focusing on the interaction between public transport utilization, user satisfaction, and access to essential services. It highlights the critical role of efficient public transport systems in promoting sustainable development and social well-being in the context of increasing urbanization. Using data from the 2023 ISTAT multi-purpose survey, the study combines variables through the unweighted z-score method to construct three indices: satisfaction, utilization, and ease of access. Spearman’s rank correlation is applied to analyze the relationships among these indices. The findings reveal significant regional disparities in public transport satisfaction and accessibility. Regions such as Trentino Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli-Venezia Giulia demonstrate high performance across all indices, serving as examples of best practices. In contrast, regions like Molise and Sicilia face notable challenges in both utilization and satisfaction. The results underscore the importance of improving accessibility to enhance user satisfaction and promote greater public transport usage. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted investments in public transport infrastructure and services to address regional inequalities. By improving accessibility and service quality, policymakers can foster social equity and support sustainable urban development
Copidognathus bruneiensis Chatterjee, Marshall & Pešić, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textCopidognathus bruneiensis sp. nov. (Figures 4–6) Material examined: Holotype, 3, Brunei Darussalam, Kota Batu, Sangai Brunei Estuary and Bay, 4 º 56 'N, 115 º 1 'E, 10.iii. 2011, mud flats and algae covering the pneumatophores of Avicennia marina mangrove trees, leg. T. Chatterjee & D. J. Marshall. Paratypes: three 33 and three ƤƤ, collection data same as holotype. Description: Male: Idiosoma 300–337 µm long. All dorsal plates separate. AD with one anterior and one fused middle areolae. Areolae and costae on dorsal plates made up of porose panel. Pair of ds 1 anteriorly of middle areola on AD. A pair of gland pores near anterolateral margin of AD. AD 87 µm long, 92 µm wide. OC 97 µm long, 50 µm wide (length to width ratio about 1.92), posteriorly caudiform; each with two corneae (in a few specimens posterior cornea slightly constricted in the middle); areola ventromedially between the two corneae; gland pore close to cornea (away from lateral margin); pore canaliculus present on lateral margin of OC and posterior to posterior cornea; ds 2 located at anteromedial part of OC. PD 218 µm long, 158 µm wide, arched anteriorly; paired middle costae two porose panels wide, paired lateral costae one-two porose panels wide, middle and lateral costae joined anteriorly, rest of the plate reticulately panelled; ds 3 -ds 5 on PD between middle and lateral costae. A pair of gland pores on posterior part of PD at middle costae. All ventral plates separate. AE 105 µm long, 87 µm wide, with three pairs of setae and a pair of epimeral pores. Epimeral process absent. Each PE with three ventral setae and one dorsal seta. GA longer than AE. GA 159 µm long, 132 µm wide, GO 51 µm long. Distance between anterior end of GO and that of GA, 69 µm, about 1.40 times the length of GO, 14–16 PGS present, four pairs of SGS present, first, second and fourth pair thin, while third pair thick and spur-like. Spermatopositor large, extending 50 µm ahead from anterior margin of GO. Distance between posterior end of GO and that of GA 36 µm. Gnathosoma 108 µm long, 62 µm wide, about 1.70 times longer than wide. Rostrum about 0.75 times longer than gnathosomal base, 0.43 of total gnathosoma; rostrum tip extending near anterior end of P 2. Palp consisting of four segments. P 1 and P 3 without a seta. P 2 with one dorsal seta distally. P 4 with three long proximal setae, one minute distal seta. P 2 longer than P 4. Proto- and deuto- rostral setae situated at tip of rostrum., tritorostral setae (long maxillary setae of rostrum) on anterior half of rostrum (at about 0.36 of total rostrum length), gnathosomal base with a pair of setae (basirostral setae) anteriorly. Rostral sulcus extending near tritorostral setae. Gnathosomal base ventrolaterally porose. Tectum slightly arched. Chaetotaxy of legs: trochanters I–IV, 1 - 1 - 1 -0; basifemora I–IV, 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; telofemora I–IV, 5 - 5 - 2 - 2; genua I–IV, 4 - 4 - 3 - 3; tibiae I–IV, 7 - 7 - 5 - 5; tarsi (PAS excluded) I–IV, 7 - 4 - 4 - 4. Telofemora III and IV devoid of ventral setae. Tibia I with two long, smooth, pointed ventral setae and one short, thick, proximoventral seta. Tibia II with one slender, smooth ventral seta and two ventromedial bipectinate setae (distal bipectinate seta longer than proximal seta). Tibia III with one thick, bipectinate ventromedial seta. All setae of tibia IV smooth. Tarsus I with three dorsal setae, one solenidion, three ventral setae and two doublet eupathidia PAS. Tarsus II with three dorsal setae, one solenidion and two doublet eupathidia PAS. Tarsus III –IV each with four dorsal setae (distance between two basal setae almost equal or slightly more than height of tarsus) and two PAS (one small spur-like and one seta like). All legs with two lateral claws and a bidentate median claw. Lateral claws with accessory process dorsally. Lateral claws of tarsi II–IV with delicate tines. Female: Idiosoma 299–305 µm long. Structure and armature of body parts resemble the male except that of the GA region. GA 159 µm long, 120 µm wide, GO 69 µm long; distance between anterior end of GO and that of GA 62 µm, about 1.30 times of length of GO. Three pairs of PGS present, anterior pair just above the level of anterior margin of GO, middle pair near the middle and third pair near posterior side of GO. Ovipositor small, just extending beyond anterior margin of GO. Pair of SGS on anterior part of genital sclerites. Etymology: Named after the country where collected. Remarks: The new species has some similarities with members of the ‘ pulcher group’ (Bartsch 1984, 1998; Chatterjee & Chang 2006), in having areolae and costae comprising the porose panel, rosette pores lacking, a pair of gland pores near anterolateral margin of AD, a single pair of gland pores in the posterior portion of PD, the basal-most of the three ventral setae on tibia I short and thick; telofemora III–IV without a ventral seta. However, Copidognathus bruneiensis sp. nov., differs from the species of the ‘ pulcher group’ in having tarsi III–IV each with four dorsal setae. The OC in the ‘ pulcher group’ is small and triangular, while in the present species OC is bigger and caudiform posteriorly. Most of the species of the ‘ pulcher group’ also contain two pairs of basirostral setae on the gnathosoma (or more than two pairs in males of some species) whereas one pair of basirostral setae is found in C. bruneiensis. Among the members of the ‘ pulcher group’ C. triops Viets, 1936 from Caribbean area and C. uniscustatus Bartsch, 1984 from Philippines and Mexico (Viets 1936; Bartsch 1984; Chatterjee & De Troch 2001) have one pair of basirostral setae but differ from the new species in having a pectinate seta on tibia IV. All dorsal plates are fused in C. uniscustatus. C. bengalensis Chatterjee, Annapurna & Chang, 2003 from India (Chatterjee et al. 2003), a species related to the ‘ pulcher group’, lacks the bipectinate setae on tibia IV (as in the present species) but differs in having a completely subdivided posterior cornea on OC, small triangular OC, two pairs of basirostral setae in female, ds 3 on membranous integument and tarsi III–IV with three dorsal setae each. Moreover, in the present new species ds 2 is on the anteromedial part of the OC. The present new species shares some characters with members of the ‘ curassaviensis group’ (Bartsch 1996), including having dorsal plates with porose panels, enlarged gland-pores, the PD with a single pair of gland pores posteriorly, a small ovipositor extending only slightly beyond the GO, telofemora III–IV with two setae each (and no ventral setae) and genu IV with three setae. However, the present species cannot be assigned to the ‘ curassaviensis group’ because it has the rostrum extending only up to the end of P 2 (the palp slightly extends beyond the rostrum in ‘ curassaviensis group’). Further, in the ‘ curassaviensis group’, tibia I has two thick spur-like ventral setae, while the present species has only one small similar seta proximoventrally on tibia I.Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Marshall, David J & Pešić, Vladimir, 2012, New records of Copidognathus mites (Acari: Halacaridae) from mangroves in Brunei Darussalam with descriptions of two new species, pp. 18-30 in Zootaxa 3269 on pages 23-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21091
Gynodiastylis bacescui Petrescu & Chatterjee, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textG <i>ynodiastylis bacescui</i> sp. nov. <p>(Fig. 2 A–J)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype manca (MGAB CUM 1689). South Andaman: Wandoor (11°40.55’N, 92°45.12’E), Port Blair, Andaman Islands, intertidal sediments among macroalgae (<i>Padina</i> sp.), December 2005; coll. T. Chatterjee.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Elongated carapace, rounded and large telson, reaching half of uropodal peduncle, basis of maxilliped 3 with one short outer plumose seta, uropodal endopod with three articles.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Manca. Body, 3.39 mm in length.</p> <p>Carapace (Fig. 2 B). 0.42 of entire body length, 1.7 longer than high, pseudorostral lobes about 0.34 of frontal lobe, ocular lobe, large, rounded, without any visual elements, distinct antennal notch, slight serrate ventral margin.</p> <p>Pereon. 0.14 of entire body length, first segment hardly visible dorsally.</p> <p>Pleon. 0.5 of entire body length, segments robust.</p> <p>Antenna 1 (Fig. 2 C, D). Short, basal article of peduncle as long as other two articles together, main flagellum with three articles and aesthetascs, accessory flagellum with two articles and one apical sensory seta.</p> <p>Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 2 E). Basis 0.45 times as long as entire maxilliped length, two plumose setae on medial margin, without outer process, ischium with one short plumose seta, merus with one long plumose seta on outer margin, carpus as long as ischium and merus together, with one short plumose seta on outer margin, propodus 1.13 times as long as carpus, two short pappose setae on medial margin, dactylus 1.24 times as long as propodus, with short hairs on medial margin. Exopod, small, with three-articled flagellum.</p> <p>Pereopod 1 (Fig. 2 F). Large basis with serrate medial margin, 3 pappose apical setae, rest of pereopod broken. Exopod 2.25 times as long as exopod of maxilliped 3.</p> <p>Pereopod 2 (Fig. 2 G). Basis 0.32 of entire pereopod length, twice as long as merus, as long as propodus and dactylus together, dactylus 1.15 times as long as propodus. Exopod fully developed.</p> <p>Pereopod 3 (Fig. 2 H). Large articles, basis 0.43 times as long as entire pereopod length, 1.5 times as long as merus, merus second largest article, 2.2 times as long as ischium, 2.7 times as long as carpus, 1.12 times as long as propodus, propodus 1.14 times as long as dactylus, dactylus with short terminal robust curved seta like a claw.</p> <p>Pereopod 4 (Fig. 2 I). Large articles, basis 0.39 times as long as entire pereopod length, merus 2 times as long as ischium, 2.7 times as long as carpus, 1.5 times as long as propodus, propodus 0.8 times as long as dactylus, dactylus with short terminal robust curved seta like a claw.</p> <p>Uropod (Fig. 2 J). Peduncle as long as last pleonite, with strongly serrate medial margin, 1.19 times as long as endopod, exopod 0.6 times as long as endopod, with two articles, one robust curved terminal seta, endopod with three articles, proximal article 1.5 times as long as median article, with robust curved terminal seta. Telson round and large, 0.66 times as wide as last pleonite, 0.52 times as long as uropodal peduncle.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named in honour of Mihai Bäcescu (1908–1999), famous Romanian specialist in Cumacea, and master of the first author (IP).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> G <i>ynodiastylis bacescui</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> resembles <i>G. carinirostris</i> Hale (1946) and <i>G. hartmeyeri</i> Zimmer (1914), both of them recorded from New South Wales, Bass Strait (Australia), in having a carapace much longer than high and a uropodal endopod with three articles. It differs from <i>G. carinirostris</i> by lacking visual elements and from <i>G. hartmeyeri</i> by having a more rounded telson. Such a round telson can also be found in <i>G. fulgida</i> Day (1980) and <i>G. profunda</i> Day (1980), both from South Africa and with a uropodal endopod with one article and in <i>G. blax</i> Gerken (2001) from South Australia (with a shorter telson than the new species from Andaman and a uropodal endopod with two articles). <i>G. bacescui</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from all of these species in having the basis of maxilliped 3 with a short plumose outer seta (in contrast with three or four outer setae in the other above-mentioned species) and especially by its enlarged merus of pereopod 3. This is the first record of the genus <i>Gynodiastylis</i> from India.</p>Published as part of <i>Petrescu, Iorgu & Chatterjee, Tapas, 2011, New species and new records of cumaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida: Cumacea) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean, pp. 51-57 in Zootaxa 2966</i> on pages 55-56, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/201857">10.5281/zenodo.201857</a>
Cumella tricornuta Petrescu, Chatterjee & Schizas, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textCumella tricornuta sp. nov. (Fig. 6) Material examined. Holotype: subadult female (MGAB CUM 1726), St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea, 18°13'18.6960"N, 64°40'33.4560"W, 54 m, May 8, 2012; paratypes: 1 subadult female (MGAB CUM 1727), St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea, 18°13'18.6960"N, 64°40'33.4560"W, 54 m, May 8, 2012; 1 subadult female (MGAB CUM 1728), El Seco, Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea, 18°07'24.8520"N, 65°12'05.7600"W; 1 manca (MGAB CUM 1786), St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea, 54 m, May 8, 2012, 18°13'18.6960"N, 64°40'33.4560"W, collected during the 2012 UPRM-DMS Mesophotic Cruise. Diagnosis. Carapace with three strong dorsal denticles on ocular lobe, ocular lobe with five lenses, short siphon, ventral margin of carapace serrate; uropodal peduncle 1.07 times last pleonite length with serrate ventral margin, one short seta on serrate medial margin of uropod. Description. Subadult female (holotype MGAB CUM 1726). Body size: 1.26 mm (Fig. 6 A). Carapace (Fig. 6 A, B), 0.3 times pereon and pleon combined length, 1.5 times as long as high, three strong dorsal denticles on the ocular lobe, pseudorostral lobe 0.15 frontal lobe length, ocular lobe with five lenses, short siphon, serrate ventral margin. Antenna 1 (Fig. 6 C, D). Basal article 1.05 times rest of articles combined length, median article 1.37 times as long as apical article, accessory flagellum 1-articled. Main flagellum 1.75 times apical peduncle article, two long aesthetascs. Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 6 E). Basis 0.85 times as long as rest of articles together, one plumose seta on medial margin, two long plumose ones on outer margin; merus 1.57 times as long as ischium, one plumose seta on outer margin; carpus as long as merus, one short plumose seta on medial margin, one longer one on outer margin; propodus 1.27 times as long as carpus, two pappose setae on medial margin, one plumose seta on outer margin; dactylus 0.57 times propodus length, terminal robust seta as long as dactylus; slender exopod. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 6 F). Basis 0.62 times rest of articles combined length, outer margin serrate in distal half, one simple seta on median margin; merus 1.7 times as long as ischium, one seta on median margin; carpus 1.17 times as long as merus, serrate margins, one simple seta on medial margin; propodus as long as carpus, one simple seta on medial margin; dactylus 0.5 times propodus length, terminal stout seta 1.2 times dactylus length; slender exopod. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 6 G). Basis 0.57 times as long as rest of articles together; merus 5 times as long as ischium, one simple seta on outer margin; carpus 1.4 times as long as merus, two stout setae on medial margin; dactylus 2.5 times propodus length, one simple short seta on medial margin, two subterminal setae and one terminal robust seta as long as dactylus; slender exopod. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 6 H). Basis 0.62 times as long as rest of articles together; merus 1.66 times as long as ischium, carpus 1.2 times as long as merus; propodus as long as carpus, dactylus 0.25 times propodus length, terminal robust seta two times dactylus length. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 6 I). Basis 0.53 times as long as rest of articles together; merus 1.28 times as long as ischium; carpus 1.77 times as long as merus, propodus as long as carpus; dactylus 0.31 times as long as propodus, terminal stout seta 1.4 times dactylus length. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 6 J). Basis 0.34 times as long as rest of articles together; merus 1.66 times as long as ischium; carpus 1.6 times as long as merus, propodus 0.87 times carpus length, dactylus 0.28 times propodus length. Uropod (Fig. 6 K). Peduncle 1.07 times last pleonite length, as long as endopod length, two simple short setae on outer margin, serrate medial margin, exopod 0.93 times endopod length, terminal robust seta 0.89 times exopod length, one short seta on serrate medial margin of endopod, one subterminal and terminal stout seta 0.53 times endopod length. Etymology. The species is named from the Latin tres, three and cornutus, horned, in reference to the three strong, horn-like denticles on the carapace. Remarks. Cumella tricornuta sp. nov. resembles C. achimae Petrescu, Chatterjee & Schizas, 2013 also from Puerto Rico (Petrescu et al., 2013) in the denticles on the ocular lobe, whereas the main differences are: 1) C. tricornuta sp. nov. has denticles on ocular lobe of carapace vs. denticles on ocular lobe and dorsal side of carapace in C. achimae, 2) uropodal endopod with two medial setae in C. tricornuta vs. three in C. achimae. Cumella (Cumella) tricornuta sp. nov. is also similar to C. (Cumewingia) biserrata Petrescu, 2002 from Belize (Petrescu, 2002) in the denticles on the ocular lobe, the main differences are: 1) Cumella (Cumella) tricornuta sp. nov. has one row of denticles vs. two rows of denticles in C. (Cumewingia) biserrata, and 2) the ocular lobe with five lenses in C. (Cumella) tricornuta vs. seven in C. (Cumewingia) biserrata.Published as part of Petrescu, Iorgu, Chatterjee, Tapas & Schizas, Nikolaos V., 2016, New species and new records of Cumacea (Crustacea: Peracarida: Cumacea) from mesophotic reefs of Puerto Rico and U. S. Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea, pp. 1-78 in Zootaxa 4199 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4199.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/16848
A Multitasking Photoredox-Catalysis for Stereoselective C‒N Bond Formation
No full textA rare photoredox-mediated C‒N bond formation methodology has been developed integrating the concepts of [2+2]-photocycloaddition of styrene in combination with N-centered radical (NCR) generation. Highly significant enamines and imines have been produced in a stereoselective manner using a mild and bench-stable oxime-ester precursor as the N-linchpin. The key attraction is the multitasking catalysis of fac-Ir(ppy)3 involving energy transfer, N-O bond cleavage, N-centered radical generation, imine reduction and cyclobutane ring opening simultaneously in the same reaction pot. Preliminary mechanistic investigations have been performed to have an idea about the mechanism involving both energy transfer mediated cycloaddition and the photoredox mediated iminyl radical generation. Wide functionality tolerance with satisfactory yield and exclusive stereoselectivity are the salient features of this newly discovered methodology
Paradraconema pachylumbus Kito & Chatterjee, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textParadraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Type specimens. Holotype: male (ZIHU 4266). Paratypes: three females (ZIHU 4267–4269). Coll. T. Chatterjee, December 2005. Type locality and habitat. Burmanalla (11 ° 33.45 ’N, 92 ° 43.78 ’E), South Andaman, Andaman Islands; intertidal sediments among mixed macroalgae. Measurements. Table 2. Males Females * Holotype; **“number of tubes” or “number of tubes + number of insertion of tubes taken off”; Measurements in µm, except for de Man’s ratios (a–c) and V(%). Description. MALE. Body characteristic for the genus in general (Fig. 2 A), except for peculiar shape of cloacal region (Fig. 2 E). Swollen pharyngeal region 15.4 % of body length; rest of trunk almost cylindrical but cloacal region remarkably enlarged towards dorsal side; tail conico-cylindrical, abruptly narrowing after enlarged cloacal region. Greatest body diameter at enlarged cloacal region. Cuticle annulated except for head capsule and tail end; annules longitudinally aerolated in anterior one-third of body; anteriormost four annules of swollen pharyngeal region somewhat differentiated, ornamented with subcuticular markings and vacuoles (Fig. 2 B, C). Annules of swollen pharyngeal region coarse, 2.6 μm wide; subsequent annules 1.8, 1.6, 1.3 μm wide at midbody, cloacal region and near tail end, respectively; annules S-shaped laterally at midbody. Somatic setae arranged in ten longitudinal rows on non-swollen body (four sublateral, two subventral, two subdorsal, one ventral, and one dorsal), densely and irregularly distributed in swollen pharyngeal region. Most somatic setae hair-like with broadened base, sublateral rows of setae rather longer, maximum 54 μm long near midbody; ventral and dorsal setae short, sparse; short truncate setae (3–5 μm long) intermingled with hair-like setae and posterior adhesion tubes. Head capsule (Fig. 2 C) ornamented with faint subcuticular markings posteriorly, about length 0.2 of swollen pharyngeal region. Labial region retracted, about 12 μm diameter, with six short labial setae (3–4 μm long). Outer circle of labial setae and cephalic setae not distinguishable from subcephalic or cervical setae densely located at anterior head capsule. Amphids elongate loop-shaped, ventral arm longer, extending to near first annule, 15 / 14 μm long and 9 / 8 μm wide. CAT with enlarged base, arranged in two transverse rows of six each on dorsal side between amphids, longest tube 27 μm long. A pair of small subventral thorns (Ceph Acan-set) at posterior third of head capsule, 3–4 μm long and 2–3 μm wide. Oval-shaped eyespots prominent, 7–9 μm long and 5–6 μm wide. Stoma narrow, unarmed; yellow-brownish coarse granules gathered near labial region. Pharynx dumbbell-shaped, with enlarged corpus and well-developed posterior bulb, separated by isthmus, 23 μm wide at middle of posterior bulb. Cardia short, about 5 μm long. Nerve ring surrounding isthmus of pharynx, about 0.5 pharyngeal length from anterior body end. Anterior portion of intestine very narrow, gradually expanding posteriorly. PAT with broadened bases and bell-shaped distal ends, arranged in four longitudinal rows (Fig. 2 D), two sublateral rows (SlAT) each consisting of ten adhesion tubes (A) and two intermingled long setae (S), in order of A–S–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–S–A–A from anterior; anteriormost and posteriormost tubes 42 / 40 μm and 30 / 30 μm long, respectively. Two subventral rows of 14 adhesion tubes each; anteriormost and posteriormost tubes 36 μm and 20 μm long, respectively. Region with PAT (between anteriormost and postreriormost SvAT) 16.6 % of body length. Reproductive system with single outstretched testis; anterior end located at about 29 % of body length from anterior body end. Spicules (Fig. 2 E) arcuate, with knob-like cephalation proximally, about 1.5 abd long, 6 μm wide at middle. Gubernaculum nearly half (54 / 49 %) spicule length, lateral dilation weakly cuticularized and thin; proximal end slightly curved anteriorly. Three short uniformly tapered cloacal setae with well-cuticularized, enlarged base located a short distance lateral to the cloaca on each side, about 5–7 μm long; two subventral setae anterior and posterior to cloaca. A pair of small precloacal Acan-set between anterior subventral cloacal setae, about 3 μm long and 2 μm wide. Cloacal flap indistinct. Tail conico-cylindrical, abruptly narrowing after enlarged cloacal region, then gradually tapering to tip end, 3.4 abd long. Eight caudal setae (or insertions) on each side of annulated tail region, two subventral and six subdorsal; third and fourth subdorsal setae longer, fourth seta longest, 41 / 44 μm long; two short subdorsal setae (or insertions) close to longest seta. Non-annulated tail end 34 % of tail length, vacuolated dorsally, with three short setae on both sides; sublateral seta close to last complete annule, subventral seta located 20 / 14 %, subdorsal seta 49 / 45 % of nonannulated end from last complete anuule. Caudal glands extending to middle of enlarged cloacal region, 1.6 abd anterior to cloaca. FEMALE. Body similar to male in most respects except for cylindrical anal region (Fig. 2 F). Greatest body diameter at vulva. Swollen pharyngeal region 16.4 (15.4–16.2)% of body length. Amphids (Fig. 2 G) loop-shaped or elongated uni-spiral (Fig. 2 H), 13 / 13 (13–14) μm long and 11 / 10 (10–11) μm wide. Ceph Acan-set 3–6 μm long and 2–4 μm wide. PAT in four longitudinal rows (Fig. 2 I); two sublateral rows each of 13 tubes with no long setae intermingled; two subventral rows of 18 / 17 (16–18) tubes. Region with PAT 17.6 (17.1–17.6)% of total body length. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Anterior ovary reflexed at about 9 (9–10)% of body length, distal end to right of uterus; posterior ovary reflexed at 12 (10–14)% of body length, distal end to left of uterus. Vulva protruded, located near midbody, with two short paravulval setae on each side (about 4 μm long in allotype ZIHU 4267). Tail cylindro-conoid, gradually tapering to tail end, 6.2 (6.2–6.9) abd long. Eight pairs of caudal setae on annulated tail region as in male; longest subdorsal seta 44 (38–53) μm long, with two short setae nearby. Nonannulated tail end 34 (34–39)% of tail length, with two short setae (or insertions) on each side, a subventral seta located 3 / 8 (3–10)% of length of non-annulated end from last complete annule, and a subdorsal seta 49 / 46 (46–54)% of length of non-annulated end from last complete annule. Caudal glands extending to level of 3.2 abd length anterior to anus. Etymology. The specific name pachylumbus refers to the peculiar shape of male cloacal region remarkably enlarged towards dorsal side. Differential diagnosis. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. is characterized by the following features: peculiar body shape of male (cloacal region remarkably enlarged towards dorsal side); annules longitudinally aerolated in anterior one-third of body; elongate loop-shaped or uni-spiral amphids; prominent eyespots; spicules with proximal knob-like cephalation; gubernaculum with weak lateral dilation 25–27 μm long; a subventral pair of precloacal Acan-set; 10 SlAT and 14 SvAT in male; 13 SlAT and 16–18 SvAT in female; male tail abruptly narrowing and 3.4 abd long; long crenate anal flap in female; eight setae on annulated region of tail; and three and two setae on the non-annulated tail end in the male and female, respectively. Paradraconema has so far consisted of ten known species which can be divided into the following two groups on the basis of the shape of the amphids in males, according to the key to species of the genus by Allen & Noffsinger (1978) and the taxonomic discussion by Rho & Kim (2005). The first group includes species with elongate loop-shaped or elongate uni-spiral amphids in males — P. californicum Allen & Noffsinger, 1978, P. floridense Allen & Noffsinger, 1978, P. hopperi Allen & Noffsinger, 1978, P. maggenti Decraemer, 1989, P. meridionale (Kreis, 1937), P. newelli Allen & Noffsinger, 1978, P. singaporense Allen & Noffsinger, 1978, and P. spinosum (Southern, 1914). A second group includes species with doubled elongate spiral amphids in males - P. antarcticum Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 and P. jejuense Rho & Kim, 2005. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. belongs in the first group but clearly differs from all other species in posterior body shape in males: the cloacal region is remarkably enlarged towards the dorsal side. The conicocylindrical tail abruptly narrows due to the enlargement of cloacal region. The cloacal region of other species is cylindrical or somewhat swollen but not so peculiarly enlarged as in P. pachylumbus. Otherwise, P. pachylumbus sp. nov. is similar to P. f l o r i d e n s e, P. hopperi, P. singaporense and P. spinosum in having the annules longitudinally areolated on the swollen pharyngeal region (annules not longitudinally areolated in the other species). P. pachylumbus sp. nov. resembles P. floridense in having prominent eyespots (vs. obscure eyespots in D. singaporense), a subventral pair of precloacal Acan-set (vs. single ventral Corn-set in P. h o p p e r i, no precloacal Acan-set nor Corn-set in P. s p i n o s u m) and the gubernaculum with thin lateral dilation (vs. without lateral dilation in the other species cf. Decraemer 1982). P. pachylumbus sp. nov. is distinguished from P. f l o r i d e n s e not only by the characteristics of male posterior body but by the number of setae on the tail region in males and females (8 setae on annulated region and 3 setae on non-annulated end vs. 3–6 and 1–2 for P. f l o r i d e n s e), the longer gubernaculum (25–27 μm vs. 10–19 μm in P. floridense), and the shorter tail in males (3.4 abd long vs. 4.1–5.8 in P. floridense).Published as part of Kito, Kenji & Chatterjee, Tapas, 2012, New species of the genera Draconema Cobb, 1913 and Paradraconema Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean, with keys to the species, pp. 78-88 in Zootaxa 3575 on pages 84-87, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21255
FIGURE 3 in The new and the old: littoral tanaidomorph Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean
No full textFIGURE 3. Triparatanais meios gen. et sp. nov., A, holotype female, dorsal; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, labrum; E, left mandible; F, right mandible (molar process broken); G, maxillule with distal detail (palp broken); H, labium; I, maxilliped endite; J, maxilliped. Scale line = 0.4 mm for A, 0.1 mm for D to J.Published as part of Bamber, Roger N & Chatterjee, Tapas, 2010, The new and the old: littoral tanaidomorph Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean, pp. 17-32 in Zootaxa 2558 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19694
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