784 research outputs found
The particle system model of income and wealth more likely to imply an analogue of thermodynamics in social science
No full textThe Inequality Process (IP) and the Saved Wealth Model (SW) are particle system models of income distribution. The IP’s social science meta-theory requires its stationary distribution to fit the distribution of labor income conditioned on education. The Saved Wealth Model (SW) is an ad hoc modification of the particle system model of the Kinetic Theory of Gases (KTG). The KTG implies the laws of gas thermodynamics. The IP is a particle system similar to the SW and KTG, but less closely related to the KTG than the SW. This paper shows that the IP passes the key empirical test required of it by its social science meta-theory better than the SW. The IP’s advantage increases as the U.S. labor force becomes more educated. The IP is the more likely of the two particle systems to underlie an analogue of gas thermodynamics in social science as the KTG underlies gas thermodynamics.Inequality Process; Kinetic Theory of Gases; labor income distribution; particle system; Saved Wealth Model, social science analogue of thermodynamics
"Constrained crowd judgment analysis" by Sujoy Chatterjee, Anirban Mukhopadhyay and Malay Bhattacharyya with Martin Vesely as coordinator
No full textLeveraging the online crowd replacing limited experts has become a successful practice over the last decade for solving diverse real-life problems. Various complex problems are now being solved utilizing the power of crowd, an approach popularly termed as 'crowdsourcing'. Judgment analysis refers to a particular type of crowdsourcing task where we aggregate the opinions collected from the crowd for a purpose. We, being the rational agents, have a common interest towards knowing others' opinions before providing our own. This broadly categorizes the problem of judgment analysis into two types --- with independent and with dependent opinions. However, a new paradigm of crowd based judgment analysis has recently evolved, which can tackle the constrained opinions of crowd workers. In this article, we touch upon this novel problem of constrained crowd judgment analysis and discuss its possible dimensions of research.</jats:p
Single-molecule fluorescence analysis of opening and closing of the RNA polymerase clamp
No full textCrystal structures of RNA polymerase (RNAP) indicate that the RNAP β’ pincer (“clamp”) can exist in conformational states, ranging from a fully open conformation that permits entry and exit of DNA, to a fully closed conformation that prevents entry and exit of DNA. It has been hypothesized that the clamp also adopts multiple conformational states in solution and conformational changes in the clamp are important for function. In this work, a single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) approach was developed that enables determination of RNAPclamp conformation in solution. smFRET was measured between a probe at the tip of the RNAP clamp and a probe at a fixed reference point in RNAP. A computational framework was then employed to interpret measured FRET efficiencies in terms of structural changes. Using this approach, RNAP clamp conformation was defined in each step of 70-dependent transcription initiation and elongation and in each step in σ54-dependent transcription initiation. Additionally, effects of four RNAP inhibitors, myxopyronin, corallopyronin, ripostatin and Gp2 on RNAP clamp conformation were assessed. It was observed that the clamp is predominantly open in free RNAP and in all steps leading up to the formation of a catalytically-competent-transcription-initiation complex. Upon formation of a catalytically-competent-transcription-initiation complex, the clamp closes, and continues to remain closed during transcription elongation. It was further observed that myxopyronin, corallopyronin, ripostatin and Gp2, prevent opening of the RNAP clamp. The results lead to the proposal that, the open clamp state is important for entry of DNA into, and unwinding of DNA in, the RNAP active center cleft during formation of a catalytically-competent-transcription initiation complex. The results lead to the proposal that, after entry of DNA into the RNAP active-center cleft upon formation of the catalytically competent transcription initiation complex, electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged DNA and the positively charged inner facet of the clamp, induce and/or stabilize clamp closure. The results are in agreement with the proposal that, clamp closure is important for stability of the catalytically competent transcription initiation complex and for stability and processivity of the transcription elongation complex.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Anirban Chakrabort
The Inequality Process vs. The Saved Wealth Model. Two Particle Systems of Income Distribution; Which Does Better Empirically?
No full textThe Inequality Process (IP) is a stochastic particle system in which particles are randomly paired for wealth exchange. A coin toss determines which particle loses wealth to the other in a randomly paired encounter. The loser gives up a fixed share of its wealth, a positive quantity. That share is its parameter, ω_ψ, in the ψth equivalence class of particles. The IP was derived from verbal social science theory that designates the empirical referent of (1-ω_ψ) as worker productivity, operationalized as worker education. Consequently, the stationary distribution of wealth of the IP in which particles can have different values of ω (like workers with different educations) is obliged to fit the distribution of labor income conditioned on education. The hypothesis is that when a) the stationary distribution of wealth in the ψth equivalence class of particles is fitted to the distribution of labor income of workers at the ψth level of education, and b) the fraction of particles in the ψth equivalence class equals the fraction of workers at the ψth level of education, then c) the model's stationary distributions fit the corresponding empirical distributions, and d) estimated (1-ω_ψ) increases with level of education. The Saved Wealth Model (SW) was proposed as a modification of the particle system model of the Kinetic Theory of Gases (KTG). The SW is isomorphic to the IP up to the stochastic driver of wealth exchange between particles. The present paper shows that 1) the stationary distributions of both particle systems pass test c): they fit the distribution of U.S. annual wage and salary income conditioned on education over four decades, 2) the parameter estimates of the fits differ by particle system, 3) both particle systems pass test d), but 4) the IP's overall fits are better than the SW's because 5) the IP's stationary distribution conditioned on larger (1-ω_ψ) has a heavier tail than the SW's fitting the distribution of wage income of the more educated better, and 6) since the level of education in the U.S. labor force rose, the IP's fit advantage increased over time.labor income distribution; goodness of fit; Inequality Process; particle system model; Saved Wealth Model
Visualizing WSPDs and Their Applications (Media Exposition)
No full textIntroduced by Callahan and Kosaraju back in 1995, the concept of well-separated pair decomposition (WSPD) has occupied a special significance in computational geometry when it comes to solving distance problems in d-space. We present an in-browser tool that can be used to visualize WSPDs and several of their applications in 2-space. Apart from research, it can also be used by instructors for introducing WSPDs in a classroom setting. The tool will be permanently maintained by the third author at https://wisno33.github.io/VisualizingWSPDsAndTheirApplications/
Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma of maxilla
No full textPeripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma is a reactive gingival overgrowth occurring frequently in anterior maxilla. It is a slow-growing benign tumor which may lead to pathologic migration and other periodontal problems, so it should be excised as soon as possible. The recurrence rate of peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma is reported to be 8% to 20%, so a close postoperative follow-up is required. Herein, we are reporting a similar case of peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma in the maxillary anterior region
Gene therapy in periodontics
No full textGENES are made of DNA - the code of life. They are made up of two types of base pair from different number of hydrogen bonds AT, GC which can be turned into instruction. Everyone inherits genes from their parents and passes them on in turn to their children. Every person′s genes are different, and the changes in sequence determine the inherited differences between each of us. Some changes, usually in a single gene, may cause serious diseases. Gene therapy is ′the use of genes as medicine′. It involves the transfer of a therapeutic or working gene copy into specific cells of an individual in order to repair a faulty gene copy. Thus it may be used to replace a faulty gene, or to introduce a new gene whose function is to cure or to favorably modify the clinical course of a condition. It has a promising era in the field of periodontics. Gene therapy has been used as a mode of tissue engineering in periodontics. The tissue engineering approach reconstructs the natural target tissue by combining four elements namely: Scaffold, signaling molecules, cells and blood supply and thus can help in the reconstruction of damaged periodontium including cementum, gingival, periodontal ligament and bone
Hyperaeschra innotata
No full textHyperaeschra innotata (Hampson, 1896) Phalera innotata * Hampson, 1896; 4: 455. Hyperaeschra innotata; Schintlmeister, 2013; 11: 222. TL: Khasis [Meghalaya, India]; TD: unknown type depository. Distribution: India: Meghalaya. Note: Endemic to NE India. *Hampson mentioned “Swinh. MS.” against the species in volume 4 of Fauna of British India, Moths. Since the species was described there for the first time, the credit as the main author is given to Hampson.Published as part of Chandra, Kailash, Mazumder, Arna, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Ash, Anirban, Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Mallick, Kaushik & Raha, Angshuman, 2018, Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 4505 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4505.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/260670
Assessment of Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods of Tooth Brushing on Oral Hygiene Status in Adults
No full textABSTRACT
Introduction
Tooth brushing plays a vital role in effective plaque control, which depends on the effectiveness of the particular method and the ease with which the procedure is carried out. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different teaching methods of tooth brushing on oral hygiene status in adults.
Materials and methods
Eighty subjects were divided into four groups, each with 20 and assigned to different training methods. Twenty subjects were in control group and the rest in the experimental group. Each experimental group was further subdivided into two groups, namely reinforcers and nonreinforcers, with 10 subjects in each group. The plaque scores of these subjects were measured before and 1 week after the training sessions. The data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results
There was significant reduction in the plaque scores due to different training methods (f = 12.218, p < 0.05). Maximum reduction was seen in the instruction on cast method. There was significant difference in the plaque scores in the reinforcers and nonreinforcers (f = 4.897, p < 0.05). A small survey conducted among participants revealed that individual as a model was an easy method to learn brushing.
Conclusion
The instruction on cast method was effective in reducing the plaque scores compared with the other methods.
How to cite this article
Asif M, Shobha KS, Chatterjee A. Assessment of Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods of Tooth Brushing on Oral Hygiene Status in Adults. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(1):25-30.
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An Interactive Tool for Experimenting with Bounded-Degree Plane Geometric Spanners (Media Exposition)
No full textThe construction of bounded-degree plane geometric spanners has been a focus of interest in the field of geometric spanners for a long time. To date, several algorithms have been designed with various trade-offs in degree and stretch factor. Using JSXGraph, a state-of-the-art JavaScript library for geometry, we have implemented seven of these sophisticated algorithms so that they can be used for further research and teaching computational geometry. We believe that our interactive tool can be used by researchers from related fields to understand and apply the algorithms in their research. Our tool can be run in any modern browser. The tool will be permanently maintained by the second author at https://ghoshanirban.github.io/bounded-degree-plane-spanners/index.htm
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