1,720,991 research outputs found
Learning from the PREPARED Experience: Recommendations for Enhancing the Effectiveness and Credibility of New Ethics Codes
Get PDFAs the risks of ethics and integrity breaches are higher during times of crisis, guidance that enables accelerated research without violating ethics values is essential. This chapter draws upon the lessons learned from a broad range of activities underpinning the development of the PREPARED Code to make recommendations for future developers of ethics codes. Recommendations take the form of key ingredients to help future developers enhance the effectiveness and credibility of ethics codes: building the code on real world risks, aligned with moral values, through transparent and inclusive development processes and with implementation support
Research Ethics and Integrity During Pandemics Developing the PREPARED Code
Get PDFThis open-access book is an essential read for anyone interested in pandemic preparedness, research governance, and the ethical oversight of research. It examines the development of a pioneering research ethics framework designed for use during pandemics, guiding readers through the careful development of the PREPARED Code, while highlighting the key steps and lessons learned. The book also underscores the importance of supportive measures, such as user-friendly ethics training, to ensure effective implementation. Drawing from these insights, it offers recommendations for others seeking to develop their own clear, engaging, and accessible ethics code
Research Ethics and Integrity During Pandemics: Not Unique, but Vastly Magnified Challenges
Get PDFThis chapter sets the scene for the development of the PREPARED Code: A Global Code of Conduct for Research During Pandemics. Recalling the time when successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the deaths of millions and put health systems under enormous pressure, we explain how the pandemic created a demand for rapidly available, trusted scientific advice. Fast reaction systems, including accelerated research, faced significant ethics and integrity challenges. While most such challenges encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic were not unique, researchers and research ethics committees were ill-equipped to cope with their extent and scale. This chapter explains the purpose of the PREPARED Code against that backdrop, including what sets this code apart from many other research ethics codes
From Real-World Challenges to a Global Code: How the PREPARED Code Was Built
Get PDFThe PREPARED Code is a risk-based, values-driven framework that integrates research ethics and research integrity and is designed for a global audience. Developed over two years, this ambitious initiative required a collaborative, multidisciplinary effort led by an international team. The PREPARED team employed a range of methods to develop the code, including literature searches, scoping reviews, empirical studies, targeted consultations, ethical and legal analyses, and public consultation. This chapter explores the processes and methods used to develop the PREPARED Code, highlighting how real-world challenges in research ethics and research integrity during crises were identified, analysed and validated by stakeholders. It describes how these challenges were aligned with universally recognised moral values and grouped as risks, and how the risks were transformed into a clear, focused and jargon-free code of conduct. It also details the final stages of development, which involved iterative refinement of the code from Version 1 to Version 13, through extensive consultation and review
Ensuring Effectiveness and Credibility: The Conceptual Foundation of the PREPARED Code
Get PDFThis chapter explains the conceptual foundations of the PREPARED Code, which together provide the credibility required to justify adding yet another ethics code to the thousands that already exist. The code is built on real-world risks identified in nine languages rather than, for instance, on drafters’ expertise, thereby making it as precisely honed an instrument as possible to cope with the real-world ethics and integrity challenges experienced during a pandemic. The code is values-driven, focused on the values of fairness, respect, care and honesty, to harness the motivational power of moral values and to provide an easily understandable, globally applicable moral framework. Unlike most other ethics codes, the PREPARED Code unites research ethics and research integrity guidance into one, to ensure that a culture of integrity rather than a box-ticking mentality is fostered. The short, jargon-free code text addresses all research disciplines and, most importantly, it is based on extensive input from a wide range of stakeholders, including highly marginalised populations, to ensure that it is fit for purpose
Ethics in corporate research and development: can responsible research and innovation approaches aid sustainability?
Get PDFAn increase in the number of companies that publish corporate social responsibility (CSR) statements, and a rise in their ‘sustainability’ research, reflects a growing acceptance that broad ethical considerations are key for any type of company. However, little is known about how companies consider moral objectives for their research and development (R&D) activities, or the basis upon which these activities are chosen. This research involves qualitative investigation into Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry, comprising 30 in-depth, pan-European interviews with key personnel in the industry, and focus groups with employees at 14 different companies. Through investigation of the ‘responsible’ activities these companies currently undertake, we shed light on the types of moral goals they set and their underlying ethical standpoints. By reviewing both the responsible innovation and sustainability discourses, and presenting phenomenological evidence, we demonstrate that companies have adopted some aspects of RRI, even though it might not be recognised as such. Our findings indicate that these innovators recognise some of the ethical and societal concerns associated with their activities but their approach is often piecemeal; primary focus is upon the most immediate issues and on legal compliance, to the detriment of broader societal issues and wider challenges. We recommend explicit mechanisms that draw upon established ethical thought and practical academic work to improve companies' abilities to carry out their sustainability activities, and incorporate them into a responsible business strategy. We conclude with recommendations for innovators, corporate research and development, and policy
Traditional and Complementary Medicines: Are they Ethical for Humans, Animals and the Environment?
No full textThis book provides a systematic analysis of the ethical implications of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM), focusing on pragmatic solutions. The author uses a bioethical methodology called the “Ethical Matrix,” to consider the impact of T&CM use for animals and the environment as well as for humans.
A systematic search of the literature reveals that most published ethical concerns are related to the safety of T&CM use for humans. However, application of the Ethical Matrix demonstrates that the ethical implications for T&CM use are much broader. In this book, the author analyses the most serious implications, including adverse events related to homeopathy, the use of animals in T&CM products, and the impact of herbal medicine on the environment. Comparisons with the ethical implications of conventional biomedicine help readers to contextualise debate, and highlight aspects that may be unique to T&CM.
Globally, many high-level health policy makers promote T&CM as an accessible and affordable healthcare option. However, their use is considered by some to be a waste of resources, unscientific, and unethical. Offering a frank analysis of this largely ignored field of healthcare ethics, this book is both timely and essential. It helps patients, policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and students gain the knowledge they need to make more informed decisions
The PREPARED Code: A Global Code of Conduct for Research During Pandemics
Get PDFThis chapter presents the 27 articles of the PREPARED Code: A Global Code of Conduct for Research during Pandemics. Illustrative diagrams capture essential features of its development (e.g. the geographical distribution of the authors) and structure (e.g. that it is built around fairness, respect, care and honesty)
Research Ethics and Integrity During Pandemics
Get PDFThis open-access book is an essential read for anyone interested in pandemic preparedness, research governance, and the ethical oversight of research. It examines the development of a pioneering research ethics framework designed for use during pandemics, guiding readers through the careful development of the PREPARED Code, while highlighting the key steps and lessons learned. The book also underscores the importance of supportive measures, such as user-friendly ethics training, to ensure effective implementation. Drawing from these insights, it offers recommendations for others seeking to develop their own clear, engaging, and accessible ethics code
- …
