88 research outputs found
Richard White Collection
No full textThe Richard White Collection, which covers the period 1905 to 1920, includes correspondence between the Director of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, H. J. Patterson, and the Superintendent of the Ridgely Sub-station, Charles Opperman. The two men discuss administrative details concerning the setup of the farm as an experiment sub-station, including questions about how expenses will be handled and what repairs should be made to the existing structures. The correspondence also contains descriptions of the experimental work taking place on the farm as well as plans for future work. In addition, the series contains an annual report from 1917 and two detailed inventories of items on the Ridgely property in 1917 and 1920. Maps show the boundaries of the farm and its field divisions. These materials date from 1914 to 1920. The collection also contains academic reports of Herbert James White, a student of the Maryland Agricultural College from 1905 until 1911
Recent advances in seed coating technologies: transitioning toward sustainable agriculture
No full textThis is the accepted manuscript version of the work published in its final form as Sohail, M., Pirzada, T., Opperman, C. H., & Khan, S. A. (n.d.). Recent advances in seed coating technologies: Transitioning toward sustainable agriculture. Green Chemistry, 24(16), 6052-6085. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2gc02389j
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Current Insights into Migratory Endoparasitism: Deciphering the Biology, Parasitism Mechanisms, and Management Strategies of Key Migratory Endoparasitic Phytonematodes
No full textDespite their physiological differences, sedentary and migratory plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) share several commonalities. Functional characterization studies of key effectors and their targets identified in sedentary phytonematodes are broadly applied to migratory PPNs, generalizing parasitism mechanisms existing in distinct lifestyles. Despite their economic significance, host–pathogen interaction studies of migratory endoparasitic nematodes are limited; they have received little attention when compared to their sedentary counterparts. Because several migratory PPNs form disease complexes with other plant-pathogens, it is important to understand multiple factors regulating their feeding behavior and lifecycle. Here, we provide current insights into the biology, parasitism mechanism, and management strategies of the four-key migratory endoparasitic PPN genera, namely Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Ditylenchus, and Bursaphelenchus. Although this review focuses on these four genera, many facets of feeding mechanisms and management are common across all migratory PPNs and hence can be applied across a broad genera of migratory phytonematodes
Analysis of Genes Expressed by Meloidogyne incognita Males: Generation of ESTs and Comparative Genomics
No full textOver the last decade genomic and molecular research in model systems including Ceanorahbditis elegans have generated a body of knowledge that has revolutionized the study of plant parasitic nematode biology and disease. Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most devastating plant parasitic nematodes worldwide and has proven to be a prime example of the utility of comparative genomics in the investigation of plant diseases. The role of males and sex determination in this species presents a particularly interesting evolutionary and biological issue but is poorly understood at the molecular level. A method for generating and collecting male M. incognita tissue that is free of other life stages or females and other contaminating organisms was developed. The method confirmed previous results that host-pruning stress stimulates male sex differentiation and that the effects of this stimulus are limited to the time period of early second stage larvae feeding. Approximately 5,000 ESTs were generated by 5' sequencing of cDNAs from four male M. incognita libraries constructed from the tissue obtained above. Two cDNA libraries were constructed by utilizing a nematode splice leader (SL1) and two libraries were constructed with a universal template switch method. The ESTs from these libraries were clustered for each library and as a complete set from all four libraries providing insight to the composition and abundance of genes expressed by these males. Searching the public databases for homologous sequences providing a second degree of clustering and provided the putative identification of genes identified by these clusters. Approximately 89% of the clusters had significant homology to the public databases and approximately 31% of these had homology to C. elegans. Additional annotation of these genes was conducted using several public resources providing further insight to the molecular basis of male M. incognita biology and comparative analyses to other stages and nematode species. Protein phosphatases, transthyretin-like families and major sperm proteins are some of the most abundant sequences in these male libraries and are also highly expressed in C. elegans males. These results indicate that not only are these M. incognita libraries representative of male gene expression, but that male gene expression profiles may be similar across families
Inheritance of Tomato Late Blight Resistance in Lycopersicon hirsutum LA1033
No full textExtensive efforts to control late blight of tomato and potato, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, through incorporation of single resistance genes have been thwarted by the rapid development of virulent pathogen strains. In contrast, multigenic late blight resistance in potato has proven durable over decades of use. Lycopersicon hirsutum Kunth LA1033 is highly resistant to P. infestans, and other studies have suggested that this resistance is multigenic. We evaluated the inheritance of late blight resistance in LA1033 using traditional methods and quantitative trait analysis. A BC₃F₂ population was derived from L. esculentum Miller NC215E x L. hirsutum LA1033 and was screened for late blight resistance using detached leaf tests. BC₃F₃ progeny were evaluated in the field to verify detached leaf test results. Bulked segregant analysis was conducted on the most resistant and most susceptible BC₃F₂ plants to identify AFLP markers linked to resistance. A BC₁F₁ population of 284 individuals was also derived from L. esculentum NC215E x L. hirsutum LA1033. This population was evaluated for late blight resistance in the field and with detached leaf tests that were scored with a four-point rating system and the Horsfall-Barratt scale. A linkage map was constructed based on 155 BC₁F₁ individuals with 231 AFLP and two morphological markers. Quantitative trait analysis was conducted using the following four methods: simple linear regression, interval mapping, composite interval mapping, and multiple interval mapping. Segregation of late blight resistance in the BC₃F₂ individuals indicated that the BC₃F₁ plant carried two genes conferring late blight resistance; however, minor genes may have been lost in the development of the BC₃F₁ or may not have been detected. An AFLP marker was identified in the BC₃F₂ population which clearly segregated with resistance. In the BC₁F₁ population, segregation ratios indicated the presence of more than two late blight resistance loci. This was confirmed through quantitative trait analysis. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting late blight response were detected on four to nine linkage groups depending upon the method of analysis used. The location of the most significant QTL corresponded with the marker identified through bulked segregant analysis
The genome of the migratory nematode, <i>Radopholus similis</i>, reveals signatures of close association to the sedentary cyst nematodes
No full textRadopholus similis, commonly known as the burrowing nematode, is an important pest of myriad crops and ornamentals including banana (Musa spp.) and Citrus spp. In order to characterize the potential role of putative effectors encoded by R. similis genes we compared predicted proteins from a draft R. similis genome with other plant-parasitic nematodes in order to define the suite of excreted/secreted proteins that enable it to function as a parasite and to ascertain the phylogenetic position of R. similis in the Tylenchida order. Identification and analysis of candidate genes encoding for key plant cell-wall degrading enzymes including GH5 cellulases, PL3 pectate lyases and GH28 polygalactouranase revealed a pattern of occurrence similar to other PPNs, although with closest phylogenetic associations to the sedentary cyst nematodes. We also observed the absence of a suite of effectors essential for feeding site formation in the cyst nematodes. Clustering of various orthologous genes shared by R. similis with other nematodes showed higher overlap with the cyst nematodes than with the root-knot or other migratory endoparasitic nematodes. The data presented here support the hypothesis that R. similis is evolutionarily closer to the cyst nematodes, however, differences in the effector repertoire delineate ancient divergence of parasitism, probably as a consequence of niche specialization. These similarities and differences further underscore distinct evolutionary relationships during the evolution of parasitism in this group of nematodes.</div
Towards electroenzymatic processes involving old yellow enzymes and mediated cofactor regeneration
No full textOld yellow enzymes are able to catalyze asymmetric C=C reductions. A mediated electroenzymatic process to regenerate the NADPH in combination with an old yellow enzyme was investigated. Due to the fact that the overall process was affected by a broad set of parameters, a design of experiments (DoE) approach was chosen to identify suitable process conditions. Process conditions with high productivities of up to 2.27 mM/h in combination with approximately 90% electron transfer efficiency were identified.BT/Biocatalysi
Blast analysis of some known parasitism genes against <i>R</i>. <i>similis</i> predicted protein set.
No full textBlast analysis of some known parasitism genes against R. similis predicted protein set.</p
Signatures of adaptation to plant parasitism in nematode genomes
No full textEach author is, or was, at the time of the work, a paid employee of their affiliated organization. The James Hutton Institute receives funding from the Scottish Government. TK is funded by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 20353659 and 23248024 Date of Acceptance: 27/11/2013Plant-parasitic nematodes cause considerable damage to global agriculture. The ability to parasitize plants is a derived character that appears to have independently emerged several times in the phylum Nematoda. Morphological convergence to feeding style has been observed, but whether this is emergent from molecular convergence is less obvious. To address this, we assess whether genomic signatures can be associated with plant parasitism by nematodes. In this review, we report genomic features and characteristics that appear to be common in plant-parasitic nematodes while absent or rare in animal parasites, predators or free-living species. Candidate horizontal acquisitions of parasitism genes have systematically been found in all plant-parasitic species investigated at the sequence level. Presence of peptides that mimic plant hormones also appears to be a trait of plant-parasitic species. Annotations of the few genomes of plant-parasitic nematodes available to date have revealed a set of apparently species-specific genes on every occasion. Effector genes, important for parasitism are frequently found among those species-specific genes, indicating poor overlap. Overall, nematodes appear to have developed convergent genomic solutions to adapt to plant parasitism.Peer reviewe
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