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    Mass transport around a horizontal cylinder beneath waves

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    Around a horizontal cylinder submerged beneath waves with its axis parallel to the wave crests there exists, owing to streaming flow in the boundary layer, circulation with the same sense of rotation as that of the orbital motion in the waves. Experimental results, for conditions in which the effects of separation are not important, confirm theoretical predictions of the mass-transport velocity at the outer edge of the oscillatory boundary layer. Pressure measurements on the cylinder reveal a nonlinear component which is interpreted as a consequence of circulation induced by steady streaming.<br/

    Non-linear wave interactions with a submerged horizontal cylinder

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    Measurements of some non-linear features of waves propagating over a submerged horizontal cylinder with its axis parallel with the wave crests are compared with previous analytical and numerical predictions of the potential flow. Good agreement is found in most respects with second order results for the transmitted waves and the set down in the mean surface level over the cylinder, but a non-linear contribution to the phase lag of the first harmonic wave component is attributed to the effect of circulation around the cylinder induced by viscosity. The limiting conditions at which waves first break over the cylinder are plotted over a wide range of conditions
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