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Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
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Memory CD8 T cell Fate Divergence in Early Infection
Full text linkTissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells are a non-circulating subset of memory T cells that reside within barrier tissues and provide rapid and sustained host defense against reinfections. Recent studies have revealed that the location at which T cells are activated influences their trafficking patterns and cell fates. However, these findings often investigate T cells following memory formation, whereby the time and location of memory T cell fate divergence is not well characterized. By analyzing CD8+ T cells in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and small intestines using flow cytometry, I showed that the mesenteric lymph node exhibited a CCR9hi CD62Llo and a CD62Lhi CCR9lo population, with the former bearing phenotypic resemblance to bona fide gut-TRM cells and the latter to circulating memory T cells at 4 days post-infection. These findings suggest that memory T cells begin to specify their cell fates in the draining lymph node during early infection, prior to tissue entry. Additionally, I showed that the transcription factor TCF1, known to promote circulating memory T cell differentiation, is required for the formation of all memory precursors. These findings provide additional insight toward our understanding of the early signals that influence CD8+ T cell fate specification, serving as plausible treatments to tissue-specific or systemic infections
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
Full text linkIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
UNIVERSAL SCALING PARAMETER IN THE COIL-TO-GLOBULE TRANSITION
No full textThe coil-to-globule transition of the radius of gyration of polystyrene (PS) samples (M(w): 3.84 X 10(6)-8.42 x 10(6) g/mol) in methylcyclohexane (MCH) solvent has been measured by static light scattering below the theta-temperature (theta = 69.3-degrees-C). In order to analyze our coil-to-globule data as well as already-reported data of polystyrene/cyclohexane (PS/CH) and polystyrene/methyl acetate (PS/MA) systems, (M(w)/R(o)2)3/2\tau\/tau(c) was introduced as a new scaling parameter. The master curve of each system overlapped in the plot of alpha(s)3(M(w)/R(o)2)3/2\tau\/tau(c) versus (M(w)/R(o)2)3/2\tau\/tau(c). Thus this seems to be a universal parameter in coil-to-globule transition. On the basis of this observation, we concluded that the system dependence of the asymptotic height of the globular regime in the plot of alpha(s)3\tau\M(w)1/2 versus \tau\M(w)1/2 resulted mainly from the difference of the temperature width (i.e., theta - T(c)) of the theta-regime in the phase diagram of polymer solution. Here R(o), alpha(s)[=R(g)(T)/R(g)(theta)], tau[=(T- theta)/theta], and tau(c)[=(theta - T(c))/theta] are the unperturbed end-to-end distance, the expansion factor of the radius of gyration, the reduced temperature, and the reduced critical temperature, respectively.X1125sciescopu
Low noise high performance 50nm T-gate metamorphic HEMT with cut-off frequency f<sub>T</sub> of 440 GHz for millimeterwave imaging receivers applications
Full text linkThe 50 nm m-HEMT exhibits extremely high f<sub>T</sub>, of 440GHz, low F<sub>min</sub> of 0.7 dB, associated gain of 13 dB at 26 GHz with an exceptionally high Id of 200 mA/mm and gm of 950 ms/mm at low noise biased point
Chang et al. Figure 2
No full textFigure 2 Data. Chang et al. Cellular and temporal separation of B7 and TNF family signals controls the postprimingCD4 T cell response to viral infection. Immunity. 201
Chang et al. Figure S6
No full textFigure S6 Data. Chang et al. Cellular and temporal separation of B7 and TNF family signals controls the postprimingCD4 T cell response to viral infection. Immunity. 201
Chang et al. Figure 3
No full textFigure 3 Data. Chang et al. Cellular and temporal separation of B7 and TNF family signals controls the postprimingCD4 T cell response to viral infection. Immunity. 201
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