3,593 research outputs found

    PHYSICAL MODELING AND FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LATERAL PHASE DISTRIBUTION PHENOMENA

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    A three dimensional finite element method is developed in order to analyze multidimensional phase distribution phenomena and the turbulent structure of fully developed turbulent two phase flow. The physical model is based on a two fluid model of two phase flow and the calculated results are compared with against available experimental data. It can predict phase distribution, and velocity distribution including wall and core peaking phenomena in fully developed two phase flow in variety of ducts. Sensitivity studies for the several parameters are performed through numerical experiments using developed method. The developed program makes it possible to analyze phase distribution phenomena in a circular tube, which was impossible for the state-of-arts computer code. Also application will be made for the variety of ducts such as nuclear reactor fuel rod bundles

    Gold-coated microelectrode array with thiol linked self-assembled monolayers for engineering neuronal cultures

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    We report the use of a gold coating on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to enable the use of the relatively reliable surface modification chemistry afforded by alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The concept is simple and begins with planar MEAs, which are commercially available for neuronal cell culture and for brain slice studies. A gold film, with an intermediate adhesive layer of titanium, is deposited over the insulation of an existing MEA in a manner so as to be thin enough for transmission light microscopy as well as to avoid electrical contact to the electrodes. The alkanethiol-based linking chemistry is then applied for the desired experimental purpose. Here we show that polylysine linked to alkanethiol SAM can control the geometry of an in vitro hippocampal neuronal network grown on the MEA. Furthermore, recordings of neuronal action potentials from random and patterned networks suggest that the gold coating does not significantly alter the electrode properties. This design scheme may be useful for increasing the number of neurons located in close proximity to the electrodes. Realization of in vitro neuronal circuits on MEAs may significantly benefit basic neuroscience studies, as well as provide the insight relevant to applications such as neural prostheses or cell-based biosensors. The gold coating technique makes it possible to use the rich set of thiol-based surface modification techniques in combination with MEA recording.
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