124,461 research outputs found
Xestoleberis petrosa Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full textXestoleberis petrosa n. sp. Type series. Holotype: male UMUT RA32524 (Figs. 9 A–B’, E–F, J, 2M–N). Paratypes: male—UMUT RA32528 (Fig. 13 A–B, F1–F2), females—UMUT RA32526 (Fig. 9 C–D), UMUT RA32527 (Fig. 9 G–I, K), UMUT RA32529 (Fig. 13 D–E), UMUT RA32530 (Fig. 13 C). All type material was collected from the type locality. The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: two males and one female UMUT RA32525. Type locality. The rocky, open northwest coast of Tavewa Island in the Yasawa Group (P1, Fig. 1, Table 1); habitat: cushion like green algae (Dictyosphaeria versluysii). Etymology. Petrosa is Latin for rocky. This species was characteristic of algae growing on a rocky headland on the north west of Tavewa Island (Fig. 1). Diagnosis. Posterior end of carapace more widely rounded than anterior end. Carapace dorsoventrally flattened, coloration in living animals translucent, smooth and dotted with pores. Prominent ventral indentation two fifths of way from anterior. BO short segment with five terminating setae. Ejaculatory duct appears as two stacked layers separated by a single loop. Furca reduced to a short seta. Description. Carapace reniform, inflated and elongated (Figs. 2 M–N, 13A–F2). Maximum valve length range: 328 µm–377 µm, maximum valve height range: 104 µm–165 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin with conspicuous indentation. Wide anterior and narrow posterior vestibula. Merodont hinge. Carapace surface scattered with normal sieve pores. Normal simple pores concentrated on anterior and antero-ventral edges of valve. Scar pattern; topmost scar of posterior row of four adductor scars, trefoil and single anterior scar U-shaped. An1 with six podomeres; first two big and elongated, third–sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 9 A–A’). Second, third and fourth podomeres with one dorsal apical seta each, two dorsal apical setae on fifth podomere, sixth podomere with three fine and one slender, round-tipped terminating setae. An2 with one dorsal apical seta on first endopodite podomere, one dorsal and ventral medial seta and one ventral apical seta of second endopodite podomere (Fig. 9 B–B’). Pectinate terminating claws. Md coxa with six pointed teeth and two fine setae (Fig. 9 C– D). Palp with four podomeres: one dorsal and two ventral apical setae on second podomere, three medial setae at junction of second and third podomeres, two dorsal, two ventral medial setae and one ventral apical seta on third podomere, two medial setae at junction of third and fourth podomere and three stout terminating setae of fourth podomere. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with three distal dorsal-apical setae and second segment with four terminating setae (Fig. 8 E–E’). Branchial plate with 12–14 setuled setae. BO symmetrical short segment with five terminating setae (Fig. 8 F). Basal setal formula for L5 1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1:1:1 (Fig. 8 G–I). Terminating claws of thoracic legs: L5 and L6 curved, L7 straight. Hp with asymmetrical triangular distal processes; one with sharply pointed tip, other with rounded tip (Fig. 8 J). Proximal ends of capsules sub-rounded and proximal support structure T-shaped. Furca, short fine setae on round base. Distribution. Out of the eight locations sampled for ostracods across Fiji, X. petrosa n. sp. was only collected at one site (type locality above). Specimens of X. petrosa n. sp. were also collected from a short red alga inhabiting the same rocky substrate as Dictyosphaeria versluysii (holotype habitat) and a bluegreen alga. Remarks. Carapace appearance and size of Xestoleberis petrosa n. sp. is similar to Xestoleberis planuventer Sato & Kamiya, 2007 (Fig. 13 Sato & Kamiya 2007) reported from Okinawa, Japan. However, the soft part morphologies of both species differ. X. planuventer —hirsute An2 and leg (L5, L6, L7) setae, crown of setae on the base of L6 and L7 claw and tip of L7 is serrated. These features are absent in X. petrosa n. sp. In addition, the ejaculatory duct arrangement, the shape of the distal processes and the proximal structure of the Hp of both species are different.Published as part of Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4) on pages 340-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/20833
The effect of hydrate content on seismic attenuation: A case study for Mallik 2L-38 well data, Mackenzie delta, Canada
No full textObservations of velocities in sediments containing gashydrates show that the strength of sediments increases with hydrate saturation. Hence it is expected that the attenuation of these sediments will decrease with increasing hydrate saturation. However, sonic log measurements in the Mallik 2L-38 well and cross hole tomography measurements in the Mallik field have shown that attenuation increases with hydrate saturation. We studied a range of mechanisms by which increasing hydrate saturation could cause increased attenuation. We found that a difference in permeability between the host sediment and the newly formed hydrate can produce the observed effect. We modelled attenuation in terms of Biot and squirt flow mechanisms in composite media. We have used our model to predict observed attenuations in the Mallik 2L-38 well, Mackenzie Delta, Canada
Xestoleberis penna Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full text<i>Xestoleberis penna</i> n. sp. <p> <b>Type series.</b> Holotype: male UMUT RA32538 (Figs. 8 G–K, 11A, D1–D4). Paratypes: females: UMUT RA32540 (Fig. 8 A–F’, L), UMUT RA32541 (Fig. 2 G–H), UMUT RA32542 (Fig. 11 B–C). All type material was collected from the type locality. The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: two females and two juveniles UMUT RA32539.</p> <p> <b>Type locality. A</b> coral rubble, coarse sand coast along the open coastline of Korotogo, Viti Levu Island (P3, Fig. 1, Table 1); habitat: a short red alga (<i>Galaxaura divaricata</i>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>Penna</i> is Latin for wing or flight; the proximal support structure of the hemipenes is shaped like the wings of a bird in flight.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Carapace posterior and anterior ends widely rounded and vertically compressed. Valve edges lined with numerous simple marginal pores. Coloration in living specimens translucent brown. BO short segment with numerous fine terminating setae. Ejaculatory ducts arranged in S-shapes with inward exits. Furca reduced to two short setae.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Carapace ovate, vertically compressed and strongly inflated (Figs. 2 K–L, 11A–D4). Maximum valve length range: 495 µm–545 µm, maximum valve height range: 271 µm–330 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Both anterior and posterior vestibula narrow; posterior narrower than anterior. Merodont hinge. Normal sieve pores scattered over carapace; those lining anterior and antero-ventral edges of carapace more recessed and with smooth circumferences. Scar pattern: posterior row of four elongated adductor scars, and U-shaped anterior scar.</p> <p>An1 with six podomeres; first two big, wide and rectangular, third–sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 8 A–A’). One medial seta at junction of second and third podomeres, third and fourth podomeres with one dorsal apical seta each, two dorsal apical setae on fifth podomere, terminating setae of sixth podomere: two slender and round tipped (one more conspicuous than other), one whip-like, and one fine. An2 with one ventral apical seta on first endopodite podomere, two dorsal and ventral medial setae and one ventral apical seta on second endopodite podomere (Fig. 8 B–B’). No prominent serrations on claws. Md coxa with nine pointed teeth and two fine setae (Fig. C–E). Palp with four podomeres: one dorsal and two ventral apical setae on second podomere, two short medial setae at junction of second and third podomeres, five dorsal and one ventral apical setae on third podomere, two stout terminating setae on fourth podomere. Exopodite with at least two long setuled setae. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with three dorsal apical setae and second segment with four terminating setae (Fig. 8 F–F’). Branchial plate with 14–16 setuled setae. BO symmetrical short segment with numerous fine terminating setae (Fig. 8 G).</p> <p>Basal setal formula for L5 1+1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1+1:1:1 (Fig. 8 H–J). Knee setae of legs hirsute. Terminating claws of L5, L6 and L7 stout, straight and with pointed tips. Hp with asymmetrical, wide, rounded to sub-rounded distal processes (Fig. 8 K). Proximal ends of capsules acutely angled and proximal support structure T-shaped. Furca two short setae (one slightly shorter than other) on short base.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> The distribution of <i>Xestoleberis penna</i> <b>n. sp.</b> appears to be restricted to the Korotogo area; south coast of Viti Levu (type locality above). Other than the holotype habitat (<i>Galaxaura divaricata</i>) about seven specimens of this species were also collected from the residue of coral rubble.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Xestoleberis penna</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is similar to <i>Xestoleberis cauticola</i> Hartmann-Schröder, 1978 reported from northwestern Australia (Abb. 370–384, Tafel XII Figs. 12–13, Hartmann-Schröder 1978). However, unlike the very thin and straight L7 terminating claws of <i>X. cauticola</i> with a mass of short fine setae at the base of the claw, L7 claw of <i>X. penna</i> is straight and tapers to a point with a slight curve. The S-shaped ejaculatory ducts of both species also vary. In addition, the Hp distal processes of <i>X. cauticola</i> are triangular with narrow, rounded tips, while those of <i>X. penna</i> <b>n. sp.</b> are sub-triangular with widely rounded tips. <i>X. cauticola</i> has sub-rounded proximal capsule ends in contrast with the acutely angled proximal capsule ends of <i>X. penna</i> <b>n. sp.</b></p> <p> Species Type Sex Maximum Length Maximum Height (ML) (µm) (MH) (µm) <i>Xestoleberis beccus</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 383 248 Paratype Male 372 240 Paratype Female 460 274 Paratype Female 450 267 <i>Xestoleberis concavus</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 524 324 Paratype Female 539 331 Paratype Female 539 330 Paratype Female 546 335 <i>Xestoleberis gracilariaii</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 435 260 Paratype Male 407 260 Paratype Female 480 288 Paratype Female 400 245 <i>Xestoleberis marculus</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 452 260 Paratype Male 445 263 Paratype Female 440 262 Paratype Female 465 277 <i>Xestoleberis natuvuensis</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 465 255 Paratype Female 521 261 Paratype Female 506 280 Paratype Female 491 273 <i>Xestoleberis penna</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 495 271 Paratype Female 539 329 Paratype Female 545 330 <i>Xestoleberis petrosa</i> n. sp. Holotype Male 330 104 Paratype Male 328 153 Paratype Female 336 146 Paratype Female 377 165</p>Published as part of <i>Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4)</i> on pages 338-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/208330">http://zenodo.org/record/208330</a>
Xestoleberis concava Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full textXestoleberis concava n. sp. Type series. Holotype: male UMUT RA32550 (Figs. 4 F–F’, H–L, 12A–B, D1–D4). Paratypes: females: UMUT RA32552 (Fig. 4 A–B’, M), UMUT RA32553 (Fig. 2 C–D), UMUT RA32554 (Fig. 12 E–F), UMUT RA32555 (Fig. 12 C). All type material was collected from the type locality. The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: four males and three females UMUT RA32551. Type locality. A flat and fine sand beach coast in front of Naselesele Village at the north east tip of Taveuni Island (P6, Fig. 1, Table 1); habitat: a green calcareous alga (Halimeda opuntia). Etymology. Concava means arched or curved in Latin; the proximal structure of the hemipenes of this species is curved to form a concave, cupped structure. Diagnosis. Carapace with widely rounded posterior and anterior ends; wider posterior than anterior. Anterior and ventral edges of valves lined with numerous simple marginal pores. Coloration in living specimens translucent brown. BO short segment with numerous fine terminating setae. Ejaculatory ducts arranged in S-shapes with inward exits. Furca reduced to two short setae. Description. Carapace ovate, strongly inflated and vertically compressed (Figs. 2 A–B, 12A–F). Maximum valve length range: 524 µm–546 µm, maximum valve height range: 324 µm–335 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Both anterior and posterior vestibula narrow; posterior narrower than anterior. Merodont hinge. Normal sieve pores scattered over carapace; those lining anterior and antero-ventral edges of carapace more recessed and some with smooth circumferences. Scar pattern: topmost scar of posterior row of four adductor scars U-shaped, single anterior scar V-shaped. An1 with six podomeres; first two big, wide and rectangular, third to sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 4 A–A’). Second podomere with one medial seta, third podomere with one dorsal apical seta, fourth and fifth podomeres with one long and one fine dorsal apical setae. Terminating setae of sixth podomere: one stout with pointed tip, one slender and round tipped, one whip-like, and two fine. An2 with one ventral apical seta on first endopodite podomere (Fig. 4 B–B’). Two dorsal and ventral medial setae (longer ventral medial setae hirsute) and stout hirsute ventral apical seta on second endopodite podomere. Very fine serrations on one of two terminating claws. Md coxa with six pointed and two lobate teeth and one fine seta (Fig. 4 C–E), palp with four podomeres: two medial setae at junction of first and second podomeres, and second and third podomeres, second podomere with one dorsal and two ventral apical setae, third podomere with five long dorsal and one stout ventral apical setae, fourth podomere with three stout terminating setae (two long and one short). Exopodite with at least two long setuled setae. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with three distal dorsal-apical setae and second podomere with one fine ventral medial seta and three terminating setae (two thick and one fine) (Fig. 4 F–G). Branchial plate with 16 setuled setae. BO is symmetrical; short segment with numerous fine terminating setae (Fig. 4 H). Basal setal formula for L5 1+1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1+1:1:1 (Fig. 4 I–K). Knee setae of all legs hirsute. Terminating claws L5 stout, short and curved, L6 smooth, stout, long and curved and L7 smooth, stout, and straight. Hp with asymmetrical, wide, rounded to sub-rounded distal processes; one has very rounded, U-shaped end, other with sub-rounded, almost quadrate end (Fig. 4 L). Proximal ends of capsules acutely angled and proximal support structure shaped like inverted T that forms cup-like structure. Furca two short fine setae on small rounded base. Distribution. Xestoleberis concava n. sp. specimens were collected from two locations, Naselesele, Taveuni Island (type locality) and the fine sand gently sloping beach coast of Viani Village in Natewa Bay, Vanua Levu Island (P5, Fig. 1, Table 1). In addition to the holotype habitat (Halimeda opuntia), prominent counts of the specimens were also obtained from a short red alga (Pterocladiella sp.) and a green filamentous alga (Ulva intestinalis). Remarks. Xestoleberis concava n. sp. is similar to Xestoleberis posterotruncata Titterton & Whatley, 2005 (Fig. 4, No. 27, Pl. 4, Figs. 1–5, Titterton & Whatley 2005) reported from Solomon Islands and Xestoleberis cauticola Hartmann-Schröder, 1978 (Abb. 370–384, Tafel XII Figs. 12–13, Hartmann-Schröder 1978) reported from northwestern Australia. Xestoleberis posterotruncata has both simple and branching pore canals in the anterior marginal zone, while X. concava n. sp. only has simple anterior marginal pores. The L7 of X. cauticola has a very thin and straight terminating claw tapering to a sharp point and with a mass of short, fine setae at the base of the claw. The L7 claw of Xestoleberis concava n. sp. tapers to a point with a slight curve. Xestoleberis concava n. sp. and X. cauticola ejaculatory duct S-shaped arrangements varies, Hp distal processes of X. cauticola are triangular with narrow, rounded tips, while those of X. concava n. sp. are sub-triangular with widely rounded tips. Xestoleberis cauticola has sub-rounded proximal capsule ends in contrast with the acutely angled proximal capsule ends of X. concava n. sp.Published as part of Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4) on pages 330-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/20833
Xestoleberis marcula Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full textXestoleberis marcula n. sp. Type series. Holotype: male UMUT RA32556 (Figs. 6 A–K, 2K–L). Paratypes: male: UMUT RA32560 (Fig. 10 C– D), females: UMUT RA32558 (Fig. 6 L), UMUT RA32559 (Fig. 10 A, E1–E5), UMUT RA32561 (Fig. 10 B). All type material was collected from the type locality. The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: two females UMUT RA32557. Type locality. A rocky, open northwest coast of Tavewa Island in the Yasawa Group (P1, Fig. 1, Table 1); habitat: bluegreen alga. Etymology. Marculus is Latin for hammer; the proximal structure of the hemipenes of this species is shaped like two hammers placed back-to-back. Diagnosis. Carapace with widely rounded posterior and anterior ends. Anterior and ventral edges of valves lined with numerous simple marginal pores. Coloration in living specimens murky white with opaque patches. BO short segment with numerous fine terminating setae. Ejaculatory ducts have irregular arrangements with outward exists. Furca reduced to two short setae. Description. Carapace reniform and strongly inflated (Figs. 2 G–H, 10F–K4). Maximum valve length range: 440 µm–465 µm, maximum valve height range: 260 µm–277 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Wide anterior and narrow posterior vestibula. Merodont hinge; median groove and bar of hinge finely locellate. Normal sieve pores scattered over carapace, normal simple pores lining anterior and antero-ventral edges of carapace. Scar pattern: posterior row of four adductor scars, single anterior scar V-shaped. An1 with six podomeres; first two big, wide and rectangular, third–sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 6 A–A’). Third podomere with one dorsal apical seta, fourth and fifth podomeres with two dorsal apical seta, terminating setae of sixth podomere: one slender and round tipped, and three fine. An2 with one ventral seta on first podomere of endopodite, two smooth dorsal and two hirsute ventral medial setae and hirsute stout distal ventral apical seta on second endopodite podomere (Fig. 6 B–B’). No prominent serrations on terminating claws. Md coxa with two pointed and two lobate teeth and three fine setae (Fig. 6 C–E). Palp with four podomeres: medial ventral seta on first podomere, second podomere with one dorsal and two ventral apical setae, one medial seta at junction of second and third podomeres, third podomere with five dorsal and one ventral apical setae, fourth podomere with one stout and one fine terminating setae. Exopodite with at least two long setuled setae. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with four distal dorsal-apical setae, second with three terminating setae (Fig. 6 F–F’). Branchial plate with 13 setuled setae. BO is symmetrical; short segment with numerous fine terminating setae (Fig. 6 G). Basal setal formula for L5 1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1:1:1 (Fig. 6 H–J). Terminating claws L5, L6 and L7 short and curved. Hp with asymmetrical, trigonal and seta-like tipped distal processes; seta-like tip longer and more pronounced in one than other (Fig. 6 K). Proximal ends of capsules sub-rounded and proximal support structure shaped like two hammers placed back to back. Furca two short setae (one slightly shorter than other) on short base. Distribution. Xestoleberis marcula n. sp. exhibits restricted distribution; specimens were only collected from one location (type locality above). Apart from the holotype habitat, specimens were also collected from green calcareous algae (Halimeda opuntia and Halimeda incrassata). Remarks. The valve and Hp capsule shapes of X. marcula n. sp. are similar to Xestoleberis sesokoensis Sato & Kamiya, 2007 (Figs. 17–18, Sato & Kamiya 2007) from Okinawa, Japan. However, X. marcula n. sp. differs from X. sesokoensis with respect to the following: X. sesokoensis— A2 pectinate terminating claws, Mx dorsal apical setae of the palp are hirsute, Hp proximal support structure is curved downwards, Hp distal processes; one terminates into a fine seta while the other does not. X. marcula n. sp. —A2 claws with no prominent serrations, Hp proximal support structure hammer shaped, both distal processes of Hp terminate into a fine seta each.Published as part of Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4) on pages 334-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/20833
Xestoleberis natuvuensis Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full textXestoleberis natuvuensis n. sp. Type series. Holotype: male UMUT RA32543 (Figs. 7 A–B’, G, K, 11E, I1–I3). Paratypes: females: UMUT RA32545 (Fig. 7 C–F’, H–J), UMUT RA32546 (Fig. 2 I–J), UMUT RA32547 (Fig. 7 L), UMUT RA32548 (Fig. 11 F, H), UMUT RA32549 (Fig. 11 G). All type material was collected from the type locality. The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/ cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: two females UMUT RA32544. Type locality. A flat and very fine sand to muddy beach coast in front of Natuvu Village in the east of Savusavu Bay, Vanua Levu Island (P4, Fig. 1, Table 1); habitat: a green filamentous alga. Etymology. Specimens of this species were collected from the fringing reef flat in front of Natuvu village/area. Diagnosis. Widely rounded posterior and anterior ends of carapace; wider posterior than anterior. Anterior and ventral edges of valves lined with numerous simple marginal pores. Coloration in living specimens transparent with opaque patches. BO short segment with numerous fine terminating setae. Ejaculatory ducts arranged in Oshapes with hook-like projections exiting outwards. Furca reduced to two short setae. Description. Carapace ovate and strongly inflated (Figs. 2 I-J, 10E– I3). Maximum valve length range: 465 µm–521 µm, maximum valve height range: 255 µm–280 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, indentation on ventral margin; about one third of way from anterior end. Wide anterior and narrow posterior vestibula. Merodont hinge. Normal sieve pores scattered over carapace; those lining anterior and anteroventral edges of carapace slightly more recessed. Scar pattern: posterior row of four elongated adductor scars, and U-shaped anterior scar. An1 with six podomeres; first two big, wide and rectangular, third–sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 7 A–A’). One medial seta at junction of second and third podomeres, third podomere with one dorsal apical seta, fourth and fifth podomeres with two dorsal apical setae, terminating setae of sixth podomere: one stout with pointed tip, one slender and round tipped, one whip-like, and two fine. An2 with one ventral apical seta on first podomere of endopodite, two dorsal and ventral (one hirsute seta) medial setae and one hirsute stout ventral apical seta on second endopodite podomere (Fig. 7 B–B’). Slight serration on one terminating claw. Md coxa with eight pointed teeth and three fine setae. (Fig. 7 C–E). Palp with four podomeres: second podomere with one dorsal and one ventral apical setae, two medial setae at junction of second and third podomere, third podomere with five dorsal and one ventral apical setae, one medial seta at junction of third and fourth podomeres, three stout terminating setae. Exopodite with at least two long setuled setae. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with three distal dorsal-apical setae and second segment with three terminating setae (Fig. 7 F–F’). Branchial plate with 14–16 setuled setae. BO is symmetrical; short segment with numerous fine terminating setae (Fig. 7 G). Basal setal formula for L5 1+1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1+1:1:1 (Fig. 7 H–J). Knee setae of legs hirsute. Second podomeres of L5 and L6 with one hirsute dorsal apical seta each. Terminating claws of L5, L6 and L7 stout, straight and slightly curved. Hp with asymmetrical, wide, rounded to sub-rounded distal processes; one with wide end other with tapered end (Fig. 7 K). Proximal ends of capsules rounded and proximal support structure T-shaped. Furca two short setae (one slightly shorter than other) on short base. Distribution. Xestoleberis natuvuensis n. sp. appears to have a restricted distribution; only collected from Natuvu Village coast (type locality above). Apart from the above-mentioned habitat (green filamentous alga), high counts of this species were also collected from a green calcareous alga, Halimeda macroloba and a short brown alga, Padina sp. Remarks. Xestoleberis natuvuensis n. sp. is similar to Xestoleberis sp. D reported from Solomon Islands (Fig. 4, Nos. 22, 25, Pl. 2, 26–29, Titterton & Whatley 2005). However, both species differ in the shape of the frontal muscle scar; X. sp. D has a trefoil scar while in X. sp. D, X. natuvuensis n. sp. has a U-shaped scar.Published as part of Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4) on pages 336-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/20833
Xestoleberis gracilariaii Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full text<i>Xestoleberis gracilariaii</i> n. sp. <p> <b>Type series.</b> Holotype: male UMUT RA32531 (Figs. 5 H, L, 2E–F). Paratypes: male: UMUT RA32535 (Fig. 13 G, J1–J3), females: UMUT RA32533 (Fig. 5 A–G, I–K), UMUT RA32534 (Fig. 5 M), UMUT RA32536 (Fig. 13 I), UMUT RA32537 (Fig. 13 H). All type material was collected from the type locality. The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: one male UMUT RA32532.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> A sandy pocket beach along the open coastline of Korovou, Naviti Island in the Yasawa Group of Islands (P2, Fig. 1, Table 1); habitat: a short red alga (<i>Gracilaria maramae</i>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>Gracilaria</i> is the genus of the alga from which most of the specimens of this species were collected (<i>Gracilaria maramae</i> South, 1995 —an edible red alga from Fiji).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Posterior and anterior ends of carapace widely rounded. Valve edges lined with numerous simple marginal pores. Coloration in living specimens translucent valves, soft parts whitish to very light brown, some specimens with dark spots on posterior ends. BO short segment with numerous fine terminating setae. Ejaculatory duct forms O-shape loop before existing outwards through distal processes as hook-like projections. Furca reduced to short seta.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Carapace ovate, and strongly inflated (Figs. 2 E–F, 5N, 13G–J3). Maximum valve length range: 407µm–480 µm, maximum valve height range: 245 µm–288 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin slightly sinuous. Wide anterior and narrow posterior vestibula. Merodont hinge. Normal sieve pores scattered over carapace; those lining anterior and antero-ventral edges of carapace more recessed and with smooth circumferences. Scar pattern: posterior row of four adductor scars, and V-shaped anterior scar.</p> <p>An1 with six podomeres; first two big, wide and rectangular, third–sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 5 A–A’). One short medial seta at junction of second and third podomeres, third and fourth podomeres with one dorsal apical seta each, fourth and fifth podomeres with one ventral apical seta each, fifth podomere with two dorsal apical setae, terminating setae of sixth podomere: one stout and pointed, one whip-like, one slender and round-tipped and one fine. An2 with one ventral apical seta on first podomere of endopodite, two dorsal and ventral medial setae and stout distal ventral apical seta on second endopodite podomere (Fig. 5 B–B’). One terminating claw with very fine serrations. Md coxa with six pointed and one lobate teeth and four fine setae (Fig. 5 C–E). Palp with four podomeres: second podomere with one dorsal and two ventral apical setae, third podomere with five dorsal and one ventral apical setae, two medial setae at junction of second and third podomeres, one medial seta at junction of third and fourth podomeres, two stout and one short terminating setae. Exopodite with at least two long setuled setae. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with three distal dorsal-apical setae and second segment with three terminating setae (Fig. 5 F–G). Branchial plate with 14–15 setuled setae. BO symmetrical; short segment with numerous fine terminating setae (Fig. 5 H).</p> <p>Basal setal formula for L5 1+1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1+1:1:1 (Fig. 5 I–K). Terminating claws of L5, L6 and L7 stout and slightly curved. Hp with asymmetrical sub-triangular distal processes; tips of distal processes wide and rounded (Fig. 5 L). Proximal ends of capsules sub-rounded and proximal support structure T-shaped. Furca, short fine seta on small base.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Apart from the above-mentioned habitat of the holotype, a small number of specimens of <i>X. graciliariaii</i> <b>n. sp.</b> were also collected from <i>Pterocladiella</i> sp., a short red alga. Three specimens of <i>X. gracilariaii</i> <b>n. sp.</b> were also collected from the south east coast of Tavewa Island, which is situated close to Naviti Island (where majority of the specimens were collected) (P2, Fig. 1, Table 1). The collections were made from the green alga <i>Bryosis penata</i>.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Xestoleberis gracilarii</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is similar to <i>Xestoleberis honiaraensis</i> Titterton & Whatley, 2005 (Fig. 4, Nos.16, 19, Pl. 3, 17–23, Titterton & Whatley 2005) reported from Honiara, Solomon Islands. Both species differ in the shape of the frontal muscle scars and anterior margin pores: <i>X. gracilarii—</i> V-shaped muscle scars and simple pore canals and <i>X. honiaraensis</i> —trefoil muscle scars and branching pore canals.</p>Published as part of <i>Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4)</i> on pages 332-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/208330">http://zenodo.org/record/208330</a>
Xestoleberis becca Chand & Kamiya, 2016, n. sp.
No full text<i>Xestoleberis becca</i> n. sp. <p> <b>Type series.</b> Holotype: male UMUT RA32562 (Figs. 3 A–B’, F–K, 2A–B), collected from type locality. Paratypes: male: UMUT RA32565 (Fig. 10 F–G, K1–K4), females: UMUT RA32564 (Fig. 3 C–E, L), UMUT RA32566 (Fig. 10 I–J), UMUT RA32567 (Fig. 10 H). Paratypes were collected from Tavewa Island (P1, Fig. 1, Table 1). The holotype and paratypes are deposited at the University Museum, University of Tokyo, Japan. Valves on paleontological paper/cavity slides and soft parts mounted on glass slides. Additional paratypes preserved in 70% ethanol: two males and three females UMUT RA32563.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> A coral rubble, coarse sand coast along the open coastline of Korotogo, Viti Levu Island (P3, Fig 1, Table 1); habitat: a short red alga (<i>Galaxaura divaricata</i>).</p> <p> <i>eccus</i> is Latin for beak; the upper outside edges of the proximal structure of the hemipenes are shaped like beaks.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Carapace with widely rounded posterior and anterior ends. Marginal pores line edges of carapace; anterior edges of carapace have branching pore canals. Coloration in living specimens transparent with opaque patches. BO short segment with numerous fine terminating setae. Ejaculatory ducts have irregular arrangements with inward exists. Furca reduced to short seta.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Carapace reniform and strongly inflated (Figs. 2 A–B, 10A,–E5). Maximum valve length range: 372 µm–460 µm, maximum valve height range: 240 µm–274 µm (Table 2). Maximum height at mid-length. Dorsal margin convex, ventral indentation about halfway along carapace. Wide anterior and moderate width posterior vestibula. Merodont hinge; median groove and bar of hinge finely locellate. Normal and (possibly) exocrine sieve pores scattered over carapace, simple pores along ventral and anterior edges. Scar pattern: posterior row of four adductor scars, single anterior scar trefoil.</p> <p>An1 with six podomeres; first two big, wide and rectangular, third–sixth small and quadrate (Fig. 3 A–A’). Third podomere with one dorsal apical seta and fourth and fifth podomeres with one short and one long dorsal apical setae. Terminating setae of sixth podomere: one slender and round tipped, and three fine (one long and two short). An2 with one dorsal and two ventral medial setae and one stout ventral apical seta of second endopodite podomere (Fig. 3 B–B’). No prominent serrations on two terminating claws. Md coxa with six pointed and two lobate teeth and three fine setae (Fig. 3 C–E). Palp with four podomeres, first podomere with one fine ventral apical seta, second podomere with two long ventral and one long dorsal apical setae, two short medial setae at junction of second and third podomeres, third podomere with one ventral and five (four long and one short) dorsal apical setae, fourth podomere with one stout terminating claw and one fine terminating setae. Exopodite with at least two long setuled setae. Mx with two segmented palp; first segment with four distal dorsal-apical setae and second with three terminating setae (Fig. 3 F–F’). Branchial plate with 11 setuled setae. BO is symmetrical; short segment with numerous fine terminating setae (Fig. 3 G).</p> <p>Basal setal formula for L5 1+1:2:1 and L6 and L7 1+1:1:1 (Fig. 3 H–J). Terminating claws L5, L6 and L7 short and curved. Hp with asymmetrical, trigonal to sub-trigonal distal processes: one with wide, rounded end, other with tapered end (Fig. 3 K). Proximal ends of the capsules almost right-angled and proximal support structure shaped like pair of beaks placed back to back. Furca short fine seta on small rounded base.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Xestoleberis becca</i> <b>n. sp.</b> occurs in four locations; including the holotype locality, this species also occurs in the southeast of Tavewa Island (P1), Korovou, Naviti Island (P2), and Viani, Vanua Levu (P5) (Fig. 1, Table 1). In addition to the holotype habitat, specimen collections were also made from short red algae (<i>Pterocladiella</i> sp. and <i>Gracilaria maramae</i>), a tall brown alga (<i>Sargassum</i> sp.) and sediments.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Xestoleberis becca</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is similar to <i>Xestoleberis maculanitida</i> Titterton & Whatley, 2005 (Fig. 4, Nos. 15, 18, Pl. 3, Figs. 9 –16, Titterton & Whatley 2005) from Solomon Islands and <i>Xestoleberis paraporthedlandensis</i> Hartmann-Schröder, 1978 (Abb. 409–422, Tafel XIII Figs. 1–2, Hartmann-Schröder 1978) from Australia. In contrast with the mostly straight and simple (and some trifurcate) anterior marginal pores of <i>X. maculanitida</i>, the anterior marginal pores of <i>X. becca</i> are branching with at most five branches. The ejaculatory duct arrangements of <i>X. becca</i> and <i>X. paraporthedlandensis</i> vary. One of the Hp distal processes of <i>X. paraporthedlandensis</i> terminates into a seta while neither of the distal processes of <i>X. becca</i> <b>n. sp.</b> possesses any seta.</p>Published as part of <i>Chand, Prerna & Kamiya, Takahiro, 2016, Seven new species of the genus Xestoleberis (Ostracoda: Podocopida: Cytheroidea) from the Fiji Archipelago, pp. 325-348 in Zootaxa 4208 (4)</i> on pages 328-329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/208330">http://zenodo.org/record/208330</a>
Staging Investigations in Breast Cancer: Collective Opinion of UK Breast Surgeons
No full textIntroduction. Certain clinicopathological factors are associated with a higher likelihood of distant metastases in primary breast cancer. However, there remains inconsistency in which patients undergo formal staging for distant metastasis and the most appropriate investigation(s). Aims. To identify UK surgeon preferences and practice with regard to staging investigations for distant metastases. Methods. A survey was disseminated to members of the Association of Breast Surgery by e-mail regarding surgeon/breast unit demographics, use of staging investigations, and local policy on pre/postoperative staging investigations. Several patient scenarios were also presented. Results. 123 of 474 (25.9%) recipients completed the survey. Investigations routinely employed for patients diagnosed with early breast cancer included serological/haematological tests (72% respondents), axillary ultrasound (67%), liver ultrasound (2%), chest radiograph (36%), and computed tomography (CT) (1%). Three areas contributed to decisions to undertake staging by CT scan: tumour size, axillary nodal status, and plan for chemotherapy. There was widespread variation as to criteria for CT staging based on tumour size and nodal status, as well as the choice of staging investigation for the clinical scenarios presented. Conclusions. There remains variation in the use of staging investigations for distant disease in early breastcancer despite available guidelines
The microstructure of sediment-hosted hydrates: evidence from effective medium modelling of laboratory and borehole seismic data
No full textMuch of our knowledge of hydrate distribution in the subsurface comes frominterpretations of remote seismic measurements. A key step in such interpretations isan effective medium theory that relates the seismic properties of a given sediment toits hydrate content. A variety of such theories have been developed; these theoriesgenerally give similar results if the same assumptions are made about the extent towhich hydrate contributes to the load-bearing sediment frame. We have furtherdeveloped and modified one such theory, the self-consistentapproximation/differential effective medium approach, to incorporate additionalempirical parameters describing the extent to which both the sediment matrix material(clay or quartz) and the hydrate are load-bearing. We find that a single choice ofthese parameters allows us to match well both P and S wave velocity measurementsfrom both laboratory and in situ datasets, and that the inferred proportion of hydratethat is load-bearing varies approximately linearly with hydrate saturation. Thisproportion appears to decrease with increasing hydrate saturation for gas-richlaboratory environments, but increase with hydrate saturation when hydrate is formedfrom solution and for an in situ example
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