4,225 research outputs found
The concept of peace in the Tao Te Ching
Get PDFThis thesis represents a first attempt to analyze Lao Tzu's main method of resolving the social and political problems in Ch'un Ch'iu and Warring States Periods. Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism, suggested many solutions that could bring an end to the conflicts and to the ending of the disunity of China. Examples of these include the reform or abolishment of some ancient Chinese institutions as well as new principles for the enhancement and preservation of life. All these ideas were to become crystallised in Tao Te Ch'ing, which became an important religious text. In particular, the aspect of Lao Tzu's methods for solving the social and political problems of China in the Warring States Period needs more attention. In each chapter of the Tao Te Ch'ing there was a main emphasis on peace as the main method of developing social cohesion and as a cure to all fundamental human problems. Therefore, Lao Tzu's ideas about peace and his methods of solving the problems of the Warring States period are significant and from the main focus of the thesis
Using Raman Spectroscopy for Nanoscale Material Detection and Chemical Reaction Kinetics Study
No full text拉曼光譜學是用來研究分子與晶格的振動及旋轉模式的分析技術. 拉曼散射,一種光的非彈性散射, 是由觀察者C.V.Raman的名字來命名. 自從這位印度科學家在1928年利用太陽光觀察到此現象, 科學家們便逐漸的開始對拉曼散射產生興趣. 有別於其他分析技術, 拉曼光譜學有著以下特點.
第一點, 由於拉曼光譜學是一種光學分析技術, 所以是一種非侵入式且非破壞的分析方法. 第二點, 不同的分子其化學結構與鍵結必定有所不同, 使得他們擁有獨一無二的振動模式. 若利用拉曼光譜學來進行分析, 就可以獲得高專一性的分子指紋. 這項特點讓拉曼光譜學可以輕易的分辨出同分異構物的差異, 這是其他分析方法如質譜儀無法辦到的.第三點, 樣品製備的條件門檻相對簡單. 無論是固態, 液態或氣態, 有機物或無機物都可以進行分析. 樣品本身也不需經過特殊處理, 這是紅外線吸收光譜等分析技術無法相比的. 另外由於只有雷射光源照射到的部分才會產生拉曼散射, 所以樣品的體積可以十分微小 (雷射光點大小約 2 微米). 如果是玻璃或石英包裝樣品, 甚至可以透過包裝直接進行分析而不需拆封. 最後一點, 現在市面上已經有許多商業化的拉曼光譜分析儀器, 使用起來相當簡單, 只需幾秒鐘就可以得到所需的資料. 綜合上述優點, 拉曼光譜分析學已經成為現今相當有力的化學分析方法. 為了進一步改善, 而其他相關的拉曼光譜技術也被後人陸續發展出來. 例如表面增強拉曼光譜學 (可增強拉曼訊號強度), 顯微拉曼光譜學 (可改善空間解析度)以及共振拉曼光譜學 (可取得特殊資訊).
此論文可以概分為兩大研究主軸. 在第一部分中, 我們親自架設了一套探針增強式拉曼光譜系統. 並利用此系統當作分析工具, 藉由其同時擁有表面增強式拉曼光譜的訊號加強以及原子力顯微鏡的高空間解析度的優點, 進一步觀察石墨表面上的奈米尺度缺陷. 同時, 根據實驗的數據結果, 我們也提出一方法來評估此探針增強式拉曼光譜系統在量測如石墨這類非均相物質時的訊號增強係數. 在第二部分, 我們試著利用拉曼光譜技術進一步探討醣類分子在進行水解反應時的反應機制與動力學. 醣水解反應在中性以及弱酸環境被認為是一種由於質子濃度增加以至於溶液酸鹼度降低的自催化反應, 但是卻缺乏直接的證據證明真正的催化物為何. 在此, 我們藉由在不同的反應溫度(80~100℃)與溶液酸鹼度(pH1~pH5)進行兩種雙醣系統(雙果醣以及纖維二醣)的水解反應, 來觀察醣類水解時自催化反應的真正催化物為何, 並且推論出一反應機制來解釋此現象. 這項重大的發現或許可以使得纖維素等多醣體的水解反應效率大幅提升.Raman spectroscopy is a method to observe the vibration behavior of molecules when they are excited by photons. Since C.V. Raman discovered the Raman scattering effect in 1928, people have gradually paid their attention on this interesting subject. Compare with other analytical techniques, Raman spectroscopy has several distinguishing features.
First, this is an optical methodology thus no destructive damage or invasive behavior will take place. Second, each molecule has its own chemical structure so their vibration modes are highly specific like a chemical fingerprint. Isomers can be distinguished easily even they have identical chemical structure formula and molecular weight. Third, the demands for sample preparation are relative simple. It could be organic or inorganic; solids, liquids or gas. And because the laser spot size is only 1~
Nicotinamide salvage is required for proliferation and sustaining self-renewal in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells
No full textThe source data for the paper titled "Nicotinamide salvage is required for proliferation and sustaining self-renewal in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Get PDFThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Retrospective Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between Endovenous Laser and Saphenous Vein-Sparing Surgery for Treatment of Varicose Veins
No full textBackground The purpose of the present study was to compare management of varicose veins by endovenous laser ablation ( EVL) and a vein-sparing procedure (CHI-VA: Conservatrice et Hemodynamique de l'Insuffisance Veineuse en Ambulatoire) for management of varicose veins. Methods Data from 82 consecutive patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux and primary varicose veins presenting to the vascular clinic at the Far Eastern Memorial Hospital between June and December 2005 were reviewed. Of these, 74 who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. CHIVA was performed by a double division of the refluxing saphenous vein ( i.e., proximal and distal ligation), and EVL was performed using 10-14 W beginning approximately 4 cm below the saphenofemoral junction to the level of the knee. Phlebectomy for significant branch varicose veins on the leg was routinely performed in all patients. Outcome measures included postoperative thrombophlebitis, bruising, pain, assessment of ultrasonographic and clinical symptoms ( measured by the Venous Clinical Severity Score [VCSS]) and comparison of quality of life survey scores obtained preoperatively and postoperatively (measured by the Aberdeen Varicose Veins Score [AVVQ] and RAND-36). Patients were examined one week post-procedurally and again at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results Endovenous laser ablation and CHIVA were performed on 54 and 20 patients, respectively. The EVL patients had significantly higher pain scores and bruising than the CHIVA group (p < 0.001). The VCSS of varicose, edema, pigmentation, and inflammation were significantly reduced after both EVL and CHIVA; however, patients treated by EVL had significantly more pain postoperatively than those treated by CHIVA (p = 0.003). Twenty-two of 54 (40.7%) and 3 of 17 (17.6%) patients in the EVL and CHIVA groups, respectively, required sclerotherapy for residual varicosities (p = 0.026) . Both groups benefited significantly from surgery in disease-specific perceptions. Conclusions The CHIVA patients had less pain postoperatively and a significantly higher sclerotherapy-free period compared to patients in the EVL group. Further follow-up studies to compare long-term results of various approaches to surgically managing varicose veins are needed
Supplementary_Tables - Topical Application of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerates Mouse Sciatic Nerve Recovery and is Associated with Upregulated Neurotrophic Factor Expression
No full textSupplementary_Tables for Topical Application of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerates Mouse Sciatic Nerve Recovery and is Associated with Upregulated Neurotrophic Factor Expression by Aline Yen Ling Wang, Charles Yuen Yung Loh, Hsin-Hsin Shen, Sing-Ying Hsieh, Ing-Kae Wang, Sheng-Hao Chuang and Fu-Chan Wei in Cell Transplantation</p
Place making versus place marketing: Implications of the Main Street approach to neighborhood commercial revitalization
No full textRenewed attention to neighborhood commercial revitalization in the United States represents a holistic approach to neighborhood revitalization and the
recognition of small business in the local economy. As tourism and real estate development become central elements in the new urban economy, these
neighborhood shopping districts also carry potential utilitarian value as "sense of place" becomes an important amenity to attract visitors and potential residents. Using the Baltimore Main Streets program as a case study, this dissertation explores the increasing attention from the local government in organizing
commercial revitalization activities using the "Main Street Approach". Through a mixed-method approach, this study situates the popularity of the program in the
neoliberal context and examines the program implementation and potential impact. The popularity of this program in cities is built upon its four targeted areas of change—design, promotion, organization and economic restructuring— by engaging the third sector in economic development at the very local level,
primarily through historic preservation and event promotion. The program responds to the neoliberal market-oriented context where competition and self-help
are essential to achieve institutional and economic efficiency. As a city-wide program, Baltimore Main Streets provides opportunities to incorporate small
businesses into city’s economic development agenda. By developing a Main Street typology, my research reveals the capacity to achieve full program
implementation is highly shaped by the socio-economic conditions of the neighborhoods. Yet with an emphasis on historic preservation, special events, and volunteer participation, this particular approach to commercial revitalization has the potential to promote growth and “open up” neighborhoods to middle class residents and potential investors. By examining property appreciation, I found that program activities may signal that an area is ready to change and therefore boost the desirability of the neighborhood on the real estate market. To make Main Street a true place-making strategy beyond place promotion, it requires the recognition of neighborhood structural difference and allocates resource accordingly to revitalize the districts in all dimensions.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Hsiu-Tzu Chan
老人腫瘤學:老人腫瘤病患的臨床評估
No full text由於癌症發生率的上升和人體的老化有著密切的關係，因此，隨著人口年齡的老化， 癌症在老年人之間就成為一個越來越普遍的問題。學者Balducci (2000)就指出所有 的癌症中，約有50%都發生在65歲和大於65歲的老年人口，甚至於到了2020年，約有 60%的癌症會影響老年人。在台灣地區，癌症的發生率和死亡率的上升也成為醫療健 康的重要問題。根據衛生署公佈的台灣地區主要十大死因(2002)的統計數字，可發現 癌症自民國65年至今一直是高居國內十大死因首位，而就十大死因年齡結構的統計資 料(2002)來看，更可發現台灣地區罹患癌症的人口於三個年齡層攀升的速度最快，依 次是：1)大於85歲以上人口；2)70到74歲之間的人口；及3)65到69歲人口。隨著全球 人口年齡的快速老化，如何提供給老人癌症的患者一個適當且完整的醫療照護將會在 未來成一個非常重要的議題。本篇文章的目的就是要強調，適當的癌症治療唯有透過 之前一個完整且針對老年人的老年臨床評估方式，才能提供罹患癌症的老人完善的治 療及後續照顧。 The increasing cancer incidence with aging becomes more and more important as the life expectancy extends. Balducci (2000) indicated that 50% of all cancer occur in the person whose age is 65 years and older ; by the year of 2020, 60% of all cancer will be affecting the elderly. The increasing incidence and death rate of cancer also become a major health issue in Taiwan. According to the report from Department of Health, cancer has been the first killer among ten leading caused of death in Taiwan since 1976 (2002). From the ten leading causes of death by age, the increases in incidence and death rate of cancer raise most quickly among three major populations :1) older than 85 years; 2) between 70 to 74 years ; and 3) between 65 to 69 years. With the aging of the population, cancer in the elderly will become an increasing common problem in the whole world . To provide a complete and appropriate treatment to the elderly with cancer will be the most important issue in the future. The purpose of this article is to emphasize that an appropriate treatment for cancer patients can be given only after the elderly has been appropriately assessed for his or her health level by using a geriatric approach
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