197,133 research outputs found
Coelotes suthepicus Dankittipakul, Chami-Kranon & Wang, 2005, sp. n.
No full text<i>Coelotes suthepicus</i> sp. n. <p>Figures 4–8</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> HOLOTYPE: ɗ (MHNG), THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province and District, Doi Suthep–Pui National Park, Doi Suthep, San Ku, 1600 m, evergreen hill forest, flight intercept trap, 8.–12.XI.2004, leg. S. Sonthichai & T. Chami­Kranon.</p> <p>PARATYPES: 3 Ψ (MHNG), from the type locality, 18.XI.2004, leg. S. Sonthichai, T. Chami­Kranon & A. Hasalem.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Males of <i>C. suthepicus</i> sp. n. can be recognized by a short conductor and by the presence of a basal tooth on the conductor (Figs 4–6). Females are distinguished by strongly convoluted spermathecae and large, club­shaped anterior end of copulatory ducts (Fig. 8); their epigynes are provided with anteriorly notched atrium (Fig. 7). <i>Coelotes suthepicus</i> sp. n. resembles European species, <i>C. atropos</i> (Walckenaer, 1830) but it can be distinguished from this species and all other congeners by characters mentioned above.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet refers to the type locality: <i>suthepicus</i> is a Latinized adjective of Suthep.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> ɗ (holotype). Total length 10.71. Carapace 5.02 long, 3.28 wide.</p> <p>Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.20, PME 0.16, PLE 0.20; AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.19, PME–PLE 0.25, ALE–PLE 0.07; MOQ 0.58 long, front width 0.49, back width 0.52. Cheliceral groove with 3 promarginal and 3 or 4 retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Leg formula 1423 (17.86, 16.21, 13.65, 13.20). Leg measurements: femora: I 4.20, II 4.00, III 3.61, IV 4.31; patellae: I 1.98, II 1.89, III 1.39, IV 1.56; tibiae: I 4.10, II 3.02, III 2.51, IV 3.93; metatarsi: I 4.56, II 3.53, III 3.50, IV 4.25; tarsi: I 3.02, II 2.21, III 2.19, IV 2.16.</p> <p>Male palp (Figs 4–6): patellar apophysis (PA) relatively large, slightly curved distally; RTA long, extending beyond distal margin of tibia; RDTA relatively broad, widely separated from the RTA; cymbial furrow short; conductor short, bifurcate, with basal tooth; conductor lamella indistinct; a dorsal apophysis on the conductor (DC) with round apex, longer than conductor (C) when seen in ventral view; embolus originating probasally; median apophysis (MA) large, strongly sclerotized.</p> <p>Ψ paratype. Total length 9.08. Carapace 4.55 long, 3.18 wide.</p> <p>Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.15, PME 0.15, PLE 0.15; AME–AME 0.13, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PME 0.15, PME–PLE 0.17, ALE–PLE 0.08; MOQ 0.45 long, front width 0.34, back width 0.42. Cheliceral groove provided with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth, respectively.</p> <p>Leg formula 4123 (12.69, 12.02, 10.69, 9.19). Leg measurements: femora: I 3.32, II 3.30, III 2.78, IV 3.58; patellae: I 0.91, II 0.89, III 0.90, IV 1.06; tibiae: I 3.22, II 2.58, III 2.08, IV 3.05; metatarsi: I 3.02, II 2.60, III 2.28, IV 3.35; tarsi: I 1.55, II 1.32, III 1.15, IV 1.65.</p> <p>Epigyne (Figs 7–8): epigynal hoods (H) located anterior to small, lateral epigynal teeth (ET). Internal structures with copulatory ducts (CD) anterior to the convoluted spermathecae situated close to each other; fertilization ducts (FD) simple, located posteriorly.</p> <p> <b>Natural history.</b> <i>Coelotes suthepicus</i> sp. n. inhabits evergreen hill forest at 1,600 m altitudes where it occurs together with <i>D. anthonyi.</i> The latter species appears to occupy a wider altitudinal range: it was also found between 1,500 m and 1,600 m near the summit of Doi Pui. The male holotype was collected by a flight intercept trap placed on the forest floor. The female paratypes were obtained from pitfall traps. Traps were set up form July 2004 to February 2005 but mature spiders were collected only in November. Specimens collected at soil banks along the road to the summit all belong to <i>D. anthonyi</i>.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from the type locality.</p>Published as part of <i>Dankittipakul, Pakawin, Chami-Kranon, Thanaphum & Wang, Xin-Ping, 2005, Amaurobiidae) from Thailand, pp. 1-11 in Zootaxa 970</i> on pages 4-6, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/171296">10.5281/zenodo.171296</a>
Drp-1-dependent division of the mitochondrial network blocks intraorganellar Ca2+ waves and protects against Ca2+-mediated apoptosis.
No full textBy transiently or stably overexpressing the mitochondrial fission factor dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1), we evaluated the role of mitochondrial division in organelle Ca2+ homeostasis and apoptotic signaling. Quantitative 3D digital microscopy revealed a split mitochondrial network in Drp-1-overexpressing cells without changes in cell viability. High-speed mitochondrial [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]m) imaging revealed propagating intramitochondrial Ca2+ waves in intact cells, which were blocked in the Drp-1-fragmented network, leaving a fraction of individual mitochondria without substantial [Ca2+]m elevation. Consequently, in Drp-1-expressing cells the apoptotic efficacy of ceramide, which causes a Ca2+-dependent perturbation of mitochondrial structure and function, was drastically reduced. Conversely, the sensitivity to staurosporine-induced apoptosis, previously shown to be directly triggered by Drp-1-dependent recruitment of proapoptotic proteins to mitochondria, was enhanced. These results demonstrate that the regulated process of mitochondrial fusion and fission controls the spatiotemporal properties of mitochondrial Ca2+ responses and, thus, physiological and pathological consequences of cellular Ca2+ signals
Caspase-dependent alterations of Ca2+ signaling in the induction of apoptosis by hepatitis B virus X protein
No full textThe hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is a multifunctional protein, acting on different targets (e.g. transcription factors, cytoplasmic kinases, and mitochondrial proteins) and exerting cellular effects as diverse as stimulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In its biological effects, the modulation of cellular Ca2+ signals has been proposed to be involved, but the direct assessment of Ca2+ homeostasis in HBx-transfected cells has not been carried out yet. In this work, we have employed for this purpose aequorin-based recombinant probes specifically targeted to intracellular organelles and microdomains. Using these probes, we observed that overexpression of HBx enhanced agonist-evoked cytosolic Ca2+ signals in HepG2 and HeLa cells, without affecting either the steady state of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentration or the kinetics of Ca2+ release. Rather, caspase-3-dependent cleavage of the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase could be demonstrated, and larger rises were detected in the cytoplasmic rim beneath the plasma membrane. In mitochondria, major morphological (fragmentation and swelling) and functional (reduced Ca2+ uptake) alterations were detected in HBx-expressing cells. As to the cellular consequences, we observed that HBx-induced apoptosis was markedly reduced when the alterations in Ca2+ signaling (e.g. by loading a Ca2+ chelator or preventing PMCA cleavage) or the downstream effects (e.g. by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition) were prevented. Overall, these results indicate that HBx perturbs intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, acting on the extrusion mechanisms, and that this effect plays an important role in the control of HBx-related apoptosis
Some remarks on the geometry of superspace supergravity
No full textIn this note, we first give a quick presentation of the supergeometry underlying supergravity theories, using an intrinsic differential geometric language. For this, we adopt the point of view of Cartan geometries, and rely as well on the work of John Lott, who has found a unified geometrical interpretation of the torsion constraints for many supergravity theories, based on the use of H-structures. In this framework, the constraints amount to requiring first-order integrability of H-structures, for a specific supergroup H.The supergroup H used by Lott is not the usual diagonal representation of the Lorentz group on superspace, but an extension of the latter. This extension appears to be natural and it can be related to the super-Poincaré group. We also observe that the constraints arising from the requirement of first-order integrability have basically the same form, in any spacetime dimension.Looking at supergravity from an affine viewpoint (i.e. as a gauge theory for the super-Poincaré group), we show that requiring first-order integrability amounts to requiring the equivalence, up to gauge transformations, between infinitesimal gauge supertranslations acting on the supervielbein and infinitesimal superdiffeomorphisms acting on the supervielbein.The latter action is performed through a covariant Lie derivative, whose expression involves naturally the supertorsion tensor. We use this expression to show that the term added to the spin connection, in the supercovariant derivative of d=11 supergravity, has a natural superspace origin. In particular, the 4-form field strength is related to a specific component of the supertorsion tensor.We conclude by some general remarks concerning Killing spinors in geometry and supergravity, discussing their possible interpretations, as Killing vector fields on a specific supermanifold on one hand, and as parallel spinors for an appropriate connection on the other hand. We show that this last interpretation is very natural from the point of view of Klein and Cartan geometries. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.Alekseevsky DV, 1998, J GEOM PHYS, V26, P37, DOI 10.1016-S0393-0440(97)00036-3; Alekseevsky DV, 1995, PUBL MATH-DEBRECEN, V47, P349; BAR C, 1993, COMMUN MATH PHYS, V154, P509, DOI 10.1007-BF02102106; CEDERWALL M, 2005, J HIGH ENERGY PHYS; CHERN SS, 1966, B AM MATH SOC, V72, P167, DOI 10.1090-S0002-9904-1966-11473-8; CREMMER E, 1980, PHYS LETT B, V91, P61, DOI 10.1016-0370-2693(80)90662-0; EGEILEH M, 2007, THESIS PARIS DIDEROT; Figueroa-O'Farrill J, 2003, CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV, V20, P3327, DOI 10.1088-0264-9381-20-15-304; FIGUEROAOFARRIL.JM, ARXIVHEPTH08121258V1; FUJIO M, 1991, OSAKA J MATH, V28, P163; HELEIN F, 2008, ARXIV09044616V1; LOTT J, 1990, COMMUN MATH PHYS, V133, P563, DOI 10.1007-BF02097010; Sharpe R.W., 1997, DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETR; Wess J., 1992, SUPERSYMMETRY SUPERG; WISE DK, 2006, ARXIVGRQC0611154V10
Heradion intermedium Chami-Kranon & Ono, 2007, spec. nov.
No full textHeradion intermedium spec. nov. Figures 1 –4, 7, 10, 13– 18 Type material. Holotype: ɗ [MHNG, SV 03/ 20], VIETNAM, Lam–Dong Province, Datanla Waterfall, ca. 5 km south of Da–Lat, 11 º 54 ' 02.2'' N, 108 º 26 ' 54.0'' E, 1300 m, evergreen hill forest, 5./ 11./ 12.IX. 2003, leg. PJ Schwendinger. Paratypes: 2 ɗ, 3 Ψ, data as holotype [MHNG, SV 03/ 20]. Etymology. Latin, intermedius = meaning in between. The specific epithet refers to the length of the distal tegular apophysis of male palpal organ which is obviously shorter than those of H. naiadis and H. peteri but slightly longer than that of H. flammeum (Ono) comb. nov. (Figs 5–9). Diagnosis. Heradion intermedium spec. nov. can be recognized by: the bifurcate median apophysis of males (Figs 1, 7); the distal triangular tegular apophysis (Fig. 1), with relatively broad base and blunt apex; female with posterior bilateral epigynal lips (Fig. 3); posteriorly located spermathecae globular (Fig. 4). Heradion intermedium spec. nov. is most similar to H. naiadis particularly in the general shape of the MA and the sharply pointed retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 2, 12). It can be distinguished from H. naiadis by differences in shape of the distal tegular apophysis and elongate internal duct system of female. In H. naiadis, the MA provided with a multibranching projection, clearly visible in ventral view (Fig. 6). The length of the ascending part of the female internal ducts is shorter in H. naiadis than that in H. intermedium spec. nov. (Fig. 4). The female spermathecae are globular but reniform in the latter species. Heradion intermedium spec. nov. belongs to the naiadis group judging from the structures of the male palpal organ. Although it is related to H. luctator (the pernix group) by the strong resemblance of the bifid MA and the comparable orientation of the tibial apophyses, the following differences are obvious: it has a triangular DTA, which is the main character of the species attributed to the naiadis group (Figs 5–9); the proximal part of tibiae I of H. intermedium spec. nov. is not modified (modification occurs in males of H. luctator; see also Dankittipakul & Jocqué 2004: 782; Fig. 84). Description. ɗ (holotype). Total length 4.38. Carapace 2.45 long, 1.64 wide. Opisthosoma 1.93 long, 1.46 wide. Colour. Carapace (Figs 13, 16) dark reddishbrown; chelicerae dark brown; sternum (Fig. 15) orangebrown. Legs bicolor: coxae, trochanters, femora and patellae orangebrown; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi yellow. Dorsum of opisthosoma dark purple with three pairs of pale patches (Fig. 13), followed by a transverse band; venter pale, provided with markings (Fig. 15): a pair of teardropshaped patches situated in between a median longitudinal band and a pair of oblique stripes. Prosoma (Figs 13, 16). Long oval, widest between coxae II and III, smooth and shiny, except for margin above coxae I and II provided with a small patch of strongly granulate tegument (Fig. 16). Sternum (Fig. 15). Strongly raised, with anterior concavity, accommodating labium and maxillae; lateral margins elevated, provided with pointed intercoxal extensions, fitting coxal concavities. Opisthosoma (Fig. 13). Pyriform, longer than wide; slightly sclerotised dorsal scutum narrow and short, extending less than half opisthosomal length. Ventral abdominal sclerotised area (Figs 15, 17) yellow, slightly sclerotised, clearly delimited, with a group of thin spines located in front of spinnerets (Fig. 17). Eyes. AME 0.10, ALE 0.12, PME 0.10, PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.08, PME–PLE 0.25, ALE–PLE 0.10; MOQ 0.36 long, front width 0.30, back width 0.28. Clypeus 2.03 high. Legs. Relatively long, with elongate tibiae and metatarsi; metatarsal preening bush present on legs IIIV. Measurements: Femora: I: 2.08; II: 1.83; III: 1.18; IV: 2.03. Patellae: I: 0.51; II: 0.42; III 0.34; IV: 0.60. Tibiae: I: 1.76; II: 1.28; III: 0.85; IV: 1.93; Metatarsi: I: 1.35; II: 1.20; III: 1.26; IV: 2.05. Tarsi: I: 1.26; II: 1.03; III: 0.72; IV: 1.17. Total: I: 6.96; II: 5.76; III: 4.35; IV: 7.78. Male palp (Figs 1, 2, 7, 12). Palpal tibia with two apophyses; ventrolateral tibial apophysis (VTA) blunt, rectangular when seen from ventral side, narrowed at base in retrolateral view, provided with two macrosetae; retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) sharp and pointed, gradually narrowing toward its apex. Cymbial furrow broad and shallow, about half cymbium length, with basolateral fold. Tegulum elongate. Subtegulum strongly sclerotised. Median apophysis (MA) bifid, basal branch partially sclerotised, directed outward; upper branch sickleshaped, slightly curved inward. Distal tegular apophysis (DTA) a simple, sclerotised plate with broad base, gradually raised, forming a triangular structure. Embolic base connected to tegulum, without clear separation; embolus filiform; embolic tip concealed between DTA and MA. Ψ (one of the paratypes). Total length 4.87. Carapace 2.21 long, 1.48 wide. Abdomen 2.55 long, 1.64 wide. Colour. As in male but generally larger in size (Fig. 14); legs orangebrown, femora darker; dorsum of opisthosoma with four pairs of small, pale patches; venter with three dark purple bands running longitudinally between epigastric furrow and spinnerets. Ventral abdominal sclerotised area (Fig. 18) yellow, strongly sclerotised, clearly delimited, with a short row of spines located on its margin (Fig. 18). Eyes. AME 0.10, ALE 0.11, PME 0.11, PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.09, PME–PME 0.08, PME–PLE 0.27, ALE–PLE 0.09; MOQ 0.39 long, front width 0.31, back width 0.30. Clypeus 2.51 high. Legs. Measurements: Femora: I: 1.60; II: 1.45; III: 1.34; IV: 1.89. Patellae: I: 0.57; II: 0.58; III: 0.54; IV: 0.59. Tibiae: I: 1.58; II: 1.16; III: 0.98; IV: 1.70; Metatarsi: I: 1.15; II: 1.18; III: 1.30; IV: 1.98. Tarsi: I: 0.92; II: 0.83; III: 0.75; IV: 1.04. Total: I: 5.87; II: 5.20; III: 4.91; IV: 7.20. Epigyne (Figs 3, 4). With large but shallow atrium; median septum (S) broad; posterior margin strongly sclerotised, forming liplike structure (EL); copulatory orifices (CO) situated in the middle of epigyne. Internal duct system elongate, ascending (CDa) then descending (CDd) to the strongly sclerotised posterior globular spermathecae (SP); fertilization ducts simple (FD), originating underneath the spermathecae. Natural history. Heradion intermedium spec. nov. was collected by sifting leaf and organic litter in evergreen hill forest about 1300 m asl. Distribution. Known only from the type locality.Published as part of Chami-Kranon, Thanaphum & Ono, Hirotsugu, 2007, On Vietnamese representatives of the ant spider genus Heradion (Araneae: Zodariidae), pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1395 on pages 61-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17533
Heradion intermedium Chami-Kranon & Ono, 2007, spec. nov.
No full textHeradion intermedium spec. nov. Figures 1 –4, 7, 10, 13– 18 Type material. Holotype: ɗ [MHNG, SV 03/ 20], VIETNAM, Lam–Dong Province, Datanla Waterfall, ca. 5 km south of Da–Lat, 11 º 54 ' 02.2'' N, 108 º 26 ' 54.0'' E, 1300 m, evergreen hill forest, 5./ 11./ 12.IX. 2003, leg. PJ Schwendinger. Paratypes: 2 ɗ, 3 Ψ, data as holotype [MHNG, SV 03/ 20]. Etymology. Latin, intermedius = meaning in between. The specific epithet refers to the length of the distal tegular apophysis of male palpal organ which is obviously shorter than those of H. naiadis and H. peteri but slightly longer than that of H. flammeum (Ono) comb. nov. (Figs 5–9). Diagnosis. Heradion intermedium spec. nov. can be recognized by: the bifurcate median apophysis of males (Figs 1, 7); the distal triangular tegular apophysis (Fig. 1), with relatively broad base and blunt apex; female with posterior bilateral epigynal lips (Fig. 3); posteriorly located spermathecae globular (Fig. 4). Heradion intermedium spec. nov. is most similar to H. naiadis particularly in the general shape of the MA and the sharply pointed retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 2, 12). It can be distinguished from H. naiadis by differences in shape of the distal tegular apophysis and elongate internal duct system of female. In H. naiadis, the MA provided with a multibranching projection, clearly visible in ventral view (Fig. 6). The length of the ascending part of the female internal ducts is shorter in H. naiadis than that in H. intermedium spec. nov. (Fig. 4). The female spermathecae are globular but reniform in the latter species. Heradion intermedium spec. nov. belongs to the naiadis group judging from the structures of the male palpal organ. Although it is related to H. luctator (the pernix group) by the strong resemblance of the bifid MA and the comparable orientation of the tibial apophyses, the following differences are obvious: it has a triangular DTA, which is the main character of the species attributed to the naiadis group (Figs 5–9); the proximal part of tibiae I of H. intermedium spec. nov. is not modified (modification occurs in males of H. luctator; see also Dankittipakul & Jocqué 2004: 782; Fig. 84). Description. ɗ (holotype). Total length 4.38. Carapace 2.45 long, 1.64 wide. Opisthosoma 1.93 long, 1.46 wide. Colour. Carapace (Figs 13, 16) dark reddishbrown; chelicerae dark brown; sternum (Fig. 15) orangebrown. Legs bicolor: coxae, trochanters, femora and patellae orangebrown; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi yellow. Dorsum of opisthosoma dark purple with three pairs of pale patches (Fig. 13), followed by a transverse band; venter pale, provided with markings (Fig. 15): a pair of teardropshaped patches situated in between a median longitudinal band and a pair of oblique stripes. Prosoma (Figs 13, 16). Long oval, widest between coxae II and III, smooth and shiny, except for margin above coxae I and II provided with a small patch of strongly granulate tegument (Fig. 16). Sternum (Fig. 15). Strongly raised, with anterior concavity, accommodating labium and maxillae; lateral margins elevated, provided with pointed intercoxal extensions, fitting coxal concavities. Opisthosoma (Fig. 13). Pyriform, longer than wide; slightly sclerotised dorsal scutum narrow and short, extending less than half opisthosomal length. Ventral abdominal sclerotised area (Figs 15, 17) yellow, slightly sclerotised, clearly delimited, with a group of thin spines located in front of spinnerets (Fig. 17). Eyes. AME 0.10, ALE 0.12, PME 0.10, PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.08, PME–PLE 0.25, ALE–PLE 0.10; MOQ 0.36 long, front width 0.30, back width 0.28. Clypeus 2.03 high. Legs. Relatively long, with elongate tibiae and metatarsi; metatarsal preening bush present on legs IIIV. Measurements: Femora: I: 2.08; II: 1.83; III: 1.18; IV: 2.03. Patellae: I: 0.51; II: 0.42; III 0.34; IV: 0.60. Tibiae: I: 1.76; II: 1.28; III: 0.85; IV: 1.93; Metatarsi: I: 1.35; II: 1.20; III: 1.26; IV: 2.05. Tarsi: I: 1.26; II: 1.03; III: 0.72; IV: 1.17. Total: I: 6.96; II: 5.76; III: 4.35; IV: 7.78. Male palp (Figs 1, 2, 7, 12). Palpal tibia with two apophyses; ventrolateral tibial apophysis (VTA) blunt, rectangular when seen from ventral side, narrowed at base in retrolateral view, provided with two macrosetae; retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) sharp and pointed, gradually narrowing toward its apex. Cymbial furrow broad and shallow, about half cymbium length, with basolateral fold. Tegulum elongate. Subtegulum strongly sclerotised. Median apophysis (MA) bifid, basal branch partially sclerotised, directed outward; upper branch sickleshaped, slightly curved inward. Distal tegular apophysis (DTA) a simple, sclerotised plate with broad base, gradually raised, forming a triangular structure. Embolic base connected to tegulum, without clear separation; embolus filiform; embolic tip concealed between DTA and MA. Ψ (one of the paratypes). Total length 4.87. Carapace 2.21 long, 1.48 wide. Abdomen 2.55 long, 1.64 wide. Colour. As in male but generally larger in size (Fig. 14); legs orangebrown, femora darker; dorsum of opisthosoma with four pairs of small, pale patches; venter with three dark purple bands running longitudinally between epigastric furrow and spinnerets. Ventral abdominal sclerotised area (Fig. 18) yellow, strongly sclerotised, clearly delimited, with a short row of spines located on its margin (Fig. 18). Eyes. AME 0.10, ALE 0.11, PME 0.11, PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.09, PME–PME 0.08, PME–PLE 0.27, ALE–PLE 0.09; MOQ 0.39 long, front width 0.31, back width 0.30. Clypeus 2.51 high. Legs. Measurements: Femora: I: 1.60; II: 1.45; III: 1.34; IV: 1.89. Patellae: I: 0.57; II: 0.58; III: 0.54; IV: 0.59. Tibiae: I: 1.58; II: 1.16; III: 0.98; IV: 1.70; Metatarsi: I: 1.15; II: 1.18; III: 1.30; IV: 1.98. Tarsi: I: 0.92; II: 0.83; III: 0.75; IV: 1.04. Total: I: 5.87; II: 5.20; III: 4.91; IV: 7.20. Epigyne (Figs 3, 4). With large but shallow atrium; median septum (S) broad; posterior margin strongly sclerotised, forming liplike structure (EL); copulatory orifices (CO) situated in the middle of epigyne. Internal duct system elongate, ascending (CDa) then descending (CDd) to the strongly sclerotised posterior globular spermathecae (SP); fertilization ducts simple (FD), originating underneath the spermathecae. Natural history. Heradion intermedium spec. nov. was collected by sifting leaf and organic litter in evergreen hill forest about 1300 m asl. Distribution. Known only from the type locality.Published as part of Chami-Kranon, Thanaphum & Ono, Hirotsugu, 2007, On Vietnamese representatives of the ant spider genus Heradion (Araneae: Zodariidae), pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1395 on pages 61-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17533
Asiacoelotes sparus Dankittipakul, Chami-Kranon & Wang, 2005, sp. n.
No full text<i>Asiacoelotes sparus</i> sp. n. <p>Figures 1–3</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> HOLOTYPE: ɗ (MHNG), central THAILAND, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Pak Chong District, Khao Yai National Park, Khao Khieo, along the road to the military radar station, 1020 m, 24.XII.1992; leg. P. J. Schwendinger.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This new species can be distinguished from other <i>Asiacoelotes</i> by the absence of its patellar apophysis, the bifurcated RDTA and by the absence of a median apophysis.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet refers to the shape of the conductor. Latin: <i>sparus</i> = a spear with a curved blade; invariable noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> ɗ (holotype). Total length 3.45. Carapace 1.62 long, 1.20 wide. Opisthosoma 1.83 long.</p> <p>Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.08, PME 0.09, PLE 0.08; AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.07, PME–PLE 0.20, ALE–PLE 0.30; MOQ 0.34 long, front width 0.14, back width 0.30. Cheliceral groove with 3 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Leg formula 4123 (7.05, 5.87, 5.18, 5.06). Leg measurements: femora: I 1.60, II 1.45, III 1.34, IV 1.81; patellae: I 0.65, II 0.63, III 0.55, IV 0.68; tibiae: I 1.32, II 1.15, III 1.08, IV 1.60; metatarsi: I 1.23, II 1.06, III 1.25, IV 1.87; tarsi: I 0.98, II 0.89, III 0.84, IV 1.09.</p> <p>Male palp (Figs 1–3): patellar apophysis indistinct; RTA relatively short, about half of the tibial length; RDTA bifurcated, situated close to the RTA; cymbial furrow length slightly more than half of the cymbium length; conductor elongate, projecting retrolaterally then bending proximad; conductor lamella moderately developed; dorsal apophysis of conductor absent; tegular sclerites condensed; embolic base relatively broad, embolus originating in basal half of cymbium, thin and elongate; median apophysis absent.</p> <p> <b>Natural history.</b> The spider was collected by sifting leaf litter and humus in a lower montane rain forest just above the semi­evergreen forest below (terminology according to Whitmore 1991: 13–18).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Know only from the type locality. Representatives of the genus <i>Asiacoelotes</i> are also known from the temperate zones of China, Korea, Japan and Russia. <i>Asiacoelotes sparus</i> sp. n. probably marks the southernmost occurrence of this genus and considerably expands its known geographical distribution.</p>Published as part of <i>Dankittipakul, Pakawin, Chami-Kranon, Thanaphum & Wang, Xin-Ping, 2005, Amaurobiidae) from Thailand, pp. 1-11 in Zootaxa 970</i> on pages 3-4, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/171296">10.5281/zenodo.171296</a>
Cardiac pacing and lead devices management: 25 years of research at EP Europace journal
No full textAims: Cardiac pacing represents a key element in the field of electrophysiology and the treatment of conduction diseases. Since the first issue published in 1999, EP Europace has significantly contributed to the development and dissemination of the research in this area. Methods: In the last 25 years, there has been a continuous improvement of technologies and a great expansion of clinical indications making the field of cardiac pacing a fertile ground for research still today. Pacemaker technology has rapidly evolved, from the first external devices with limited longevity, passing through conventional transvenous pacemakers to leadless devices. Constant innovations in pacemaker size, longevity, pacing mode, algorithms, and remote monitoring highlight that the fascinating and exciting journey of cardiac pacing is not over yet. Conclusion: The aim of the present review is to provide the current 'state of the art' on cardiac pacing highlighting the most important contributions from the Journal in the field
Chaperonin–dendrimer conjugates for siRNA delivery
No full textThe group II chaperonin thermosome (THS) is a hollow protein nanoparticle that can encapsulate macromolecular guests. Two large pores grant access to the interior of the protein cage. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) is conjugated into THS to act as an anchor for small interfering RNA (siRNA), allowing to load the THS with therapeutic payload. THS–PAMAM protects siRNA from degradation by RNase A and traffics KIF11 and GAPDH siRNA into U87 cancer cells. By modification of the protein cage with the cell-penetrating peptide TAT, RNA interference is also induced in PC-3 cells. THS–PAMAM protein–polymer conjugates are therefore promising siRNA transfection reagents and greatly expand the scope of protein cages in drug delivery applications
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