186,350 research outputs found
Australophiotaenia gallardi Chambrier & Beveridge & Scholz 2018, n. comb.
No full text<i>Australophiotaenia gallardi</i> (Johnston, 1911) n. comb. — type species <p> Syns <i>Ichthyotaenia</i> sp. of Johnston (1910); <i>Proteocephalus gallardi</i> Johnston, 1911; <i>Acanthotaenia gallardi</i> (Johnston, 1911) Johnston, 1913; <i>Crepidobothrium gallardi</i> (Johnston, 1911) Meggitt, 1927; <i>Ophiotaenia gallardi</i> (Johnston, 1911) Freze, 1965</p> <p> <b>Type and probably only host.</b> Red-bellied black snake, <i>Pseudechis porphyriacus</i> (Shaw, 1794) (Ophidia: Elapidae).</p> <p> <b>Site of infection.</b> Intestine.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Gippsland, Victoria, Australia (37°51'S, 147°35'E).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Australia (New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria).</p> <p> <b>References.</b> Johnston (1911, 1912, 1913), Zehnder and Mariaux (1999), de Chambrier and de Chambrier (2010), Scholz <i>et al.</i> (2013).</p> <p> <b>Material studied.</b> See de Chambrier and de Chambrier (2010), who designated lectotype (QM G12/110).</p> <p> <b>Redescription.</b> See de Chambrier and de Chambrier (2010).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species was described as <i>Proteocephalus gallardi</i> by Johnston (1911) based on tapeworms found by A. S. Le Soeuf in red-bellied black snake (<i>Pseudechis porphyriacus</i>) in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. However, de Chambrier and de Chambrier (2010), who studied the type material of the species, revealed that a mixture of two markedly distinct species from two different genera was used for the original description of <i>P. gallardi</i> (= <i>A. gallardi</i>). They redescribed <i>A. gallardi</i>, designated lectotype and paralectotypes, and proposed a new genus, <i>Vandiermenia</i>, to accommodate the second, new species, <i>V. beveridgei</i> de Chambrier and de Chambrier, 2010.</p> <p> Johnston (1912, 1913) reported <i>A. gallardi</i> also from three other venomous snakes in the vicinity of Sydney, namely <i>Notechis scutatus</i> (Peters, 1861), <i>Denisonia</i> <i>superba</i> (Günther, 1858) [now <i>Austrelaps superbus</i> (Günther, 1858)] and <i>Pseudechis australis</i> (Gray, 1842). However, de Chambrier and de Chambrier (2010) questioned the identification of these cestodes as <i>A. gallardi</i>. Tapeworms from <i>N. scutatus</i> represent a new, yet undescribed species designated here as <i>Australophiotaenia</i> sp. 2 (see below). Zehnder and Mariaux (1999) presented sequences of <i>lsr</i> DNA and <i>rrn</i> L of this putative new species, whereas Scholz <i>et al.</i> (2013) provided sequences of <i>ssr</i> DNA, <i>lsr</i> DNA, <i>rrn</i> L and <i>cox</i> 1 of <i>A. gallardi</i> (KC786014, KC786025, KC786003 and KC785990, respectively) from the type host, <i>P. porphyriacus</i> in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (host field No. AUS 7—paragenophore as MHNG- PLAT 36550).</p> <p> <i>Australophiotaenia gallardi</i> can be distinguished from congeners in reptiles in Australia by the following characteristics: a large strobila (375–400 mm), the presence of an apical organ, low number of the testes (67–103) and a large embryophore (diameter of 37–40 µm).</p>Published as part of <i>Chambrier, Alain De, Beveridge, Ian & Scholz, Tomáš, 2018, Tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of Australian reptiles: hidden diversity of strictly host-specific parasites, pp. 477-498 in Zootaxa 4461 (4)</i> on pages 479-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4461.4.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1460246">http://zenodo.org/record/1460246</a>
Glanitaenia Chambrier & Scholz, 2016, amended diagnosis
No full textGlanitaenia de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher & Mariaux, 2004 – amended diagnosis Diagnosis: Proteocephalidea, Proteocephalidae. Large tapeworms with numerous slightly craspedote proglottids, wider than long including for pregravid and gravid proglottids. Inner longitudinal musculature well developed, formed by highly anastomosed, numerous bundles of muscle fibres. Scolex unarmed, with four uniloculate suckers, with convoluted osmoregulatory canals in its posterior part. Apical sucker well developed, strongly muscular, with deep cavity; apical part lined with numerous gland cells. Neck region (proliferation zone) long, containing extensively developed, convoluted osmoregulatory canals with numerous anastomoses in its anterior part. Immature proglottids numerous, begin at considerable distance posterior to scolex. Testes numerous, medullary, in one continuous field and in one layer, exceptionally with a few testes in second incomplete layer. Ovary medullary, numerous, bilobed, relatively large in relation to surface of proglottids.Vagina opening to common genital atrium anterior to cirrus-sac; vaginal canal with circular vaginal sphincter situated ventral to ventrolateral to vitelline follicles; terminal (distal) part of vaginal canal encircled by separated bundles of muscle fibres. Genital pore slightly preequatorial. Vitelline follicles lateral, occupying almost entire proglottid length. Uterus medullary, ventral, with ramified lateral diverticula. Development of uterus of type 2. Parasites of siluriform fish in Palaearctic Region. Type and only species: Glanitaenia osculata (Goeze, 1782) de Chambrier, Zehnder, Vaucher & Mariaux, 2004 [synonyms Taenia osculata Goeze, 1782; Proteocephalus osculatus (Goeze, 1782) La Rue, 1911; Ichthyotaenia skorikowi von Linstow, 1904; Proteocephalus skorikowi (von Linstow, 1904) La Rue, 1911; Gangesia osculata (Goeze, 1782) Reichenbach-Klinke, 1962]. DISCUSSION In the present study, generic diagnosis of one of the earliest diverging taxon of the subfamily Proteocephalinae (see de Chambrier et al., 2015) is amended, based on the examination of newly collected and museum material of its type and only species, Glanitaenia osculata. This species was poorly known since its description as Taenia osculata by Goeze (1782) and La Rue (1911, 1914) placed it (as Proteocephalus osculatus) among species inquirendae, partly because it was confused with another specific parasite of wels catfish, Silurotaenia siluri (Batsch, 1786) (Proteocephalidea: Gangesiinae). Nybelin (1942) was the first who confirmed the validity of P. osculatus and provided a most detailed description of its morphology at a given time. Freze (1965), who studied extensive material of P. osculatus (= Glanitaenia osculata) from the former Soviet Union, stated that “Nybelin’s description of P. osculatus [= G. osculata] insufficiently reflects the boundaries of its morphological variations, although Freze’s material in general corresponds to this description and pertains to the same species.” Scholz et al. (1998) provided detailed data on the scolex morphology of G. osculata (as P. osculatus) including SEM micrographs, and Scholz & Hanzelová (1998) redescribed the species based on newly collected specimens from the Czech Republic. In the present study, some morphological and biometrical data are provided for the first time, which made it possible to amend the generic diagnosis of Glanitaenia. de Chambrier et al. (2004) have demonstrated potential importance of the uterine development as one of very few morphological characteristics that may reflect the evolutionary history of the order (see also de Chambrier et al., 2015). The former authors classified the development of the uterus of G. osculata as type 2 (see fig. 1 in de Chambrier et al., 2004), but did not provide any details. Surprisingly, the shape of the developed uterus of G. osculata with ramified lateral diverticula is most similar to that of Ageneiella brevifilis de Chambrier & Vaucher, 1999, a parasite of the auchenipterid catfish Ageneiosus inermis (Linnaeus) in the Neotropical Region (see fig. 31 in de Chambrier & Vaucher, 1999), which belongs to a most derived clade of proteocephalidean cestodes (de Chambrier et al., 2015). The new material of G. osculata also enabled us to provide data on the relative size of the ovary (see de Chambrier et al., 2012). The surface of the ovary of G. osculata represents 7.5-8.7% of the total surface of proglottids (and 10.6-10.7% in specimens illustrated by Scholz & Hanzelová, 1998), which well corresponds to the values in other species of proteocephalideans from teleost fishes and it is markedly larger than those in most species of Ophiotaenia La Rue, 1911 from reptiles (see table 1 in de Chambrier et al., 2015). A novelty of the present study is a detailed description of a vaginal sphincter in G. osculata and its peculiar position and morphology. Indeed, Nybelin (1942) also described a small vaginal sphincter and illustrated it in his fig. 3, but he did not provide any details. In contrast, Scholz & Hanzelová (1998) did not report this structure at all. They illustrated a thick layer of cells lining the terminal (distal) part of the vaginal canal in their fig. 9G (cross section at the level of the vagina), but these cells were not interpreted as a vaginal sphincter. Similarly, no sphincter was illustrated in the terminal part of the vaginal canal (fig. 16I in that paper). One of the reasons why Scholz & Hanzelová (1998) did not report the vaginal sphincter, which is actually present in the specimens studied by these authors, could be its unusual position. It is situated at the level of vitelline follicles, i.e. much more medially than in related taxa such as Proteocephalus longicollis (Zeder, 1800) and P. percae (Müller, 1780), in which the sphincter is close to the genital atrium (see figs 14G, 18E, F and 20 H, I in Scholz & Hanzelová, 1998). The terminal part of the vaginal canal of G. osculata, which is surrounded by a medially situated circular vaginal sphincter of a typical shape (ring-like sphincter) and a few separated bundles of muscle fibres situated more distally, somewhat resembles that of phylogenetically distant species from Neotropical catfish, Mariauxiella piscatorum de Chambrier & Vaucher, 1999 (see fig. 87 in de Chambrier & Vaucher, 1999). The eggs of G. osculata are described and illustrated for the first time in the present paper, even though Scholz (1999) studied early phases of the developmental cycle of the species. However, he provided only data on metacestodes (plerocercoids) from experimentally infected copepods 12 and 21 days post infection. In fact, the eggs of G. osculata resemble those typical of most species of the Proteocephalus aggregate (see Scholz, 1999). The anterior part of the body of G. osculata, specifically the posterior part of its scolex and the anterior part of a very long proliferative zone (neck region), contains strongly convoluted osmoregulatory canals that form a dense network of anastomosed canals. Scholz et al. (1998) observed similar networks in the scolex of most Palaearctic species of the Proteocephalus aggregate, but they did not focus on the presence of these canals in the proliferative zone. In addition, the canals seem to be much more developed in G. osculata compared to those in species of the Proteocephalus aggregate (see figs 1K, 3G, I, J, 5E, Q in Scholz et al., 1998). A dense network of osmoregulatory canals situated in the posterior part of the scolex and the anterior part of the neck region was also observed in phylogenetically distant Proteocephalus regoi de Chambrier, Scholz & Vaucher, 1996, a parasite of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch) (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) in the Neotropical Region (see figs 1 and 3 in de Chambrier et al., 1996), and in Sandonella sandoni (Lynsdale, 1960) from Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier) (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae) in the Ethiopian Region (see fig. 2 in de Chambrier et al., 2008). Function of these canals and the reason of their concentration in the scolex or in the proliferative zone are not known. Cestodes seem to be osmoconformers whose excretory system plays little or no role in osmoregulation and is largely excretory (Smyth & McManus, 1989). Glanitaenia osculata belongs to the largest cestodes of teleost fishes, with a total length reaching up to 1 m (Lühe, 1910); the longest specimen found in the present study was 74 cm long (a tapeworm from Switzerland). The body of G. osculata consists of numerous, rather large proglottids that contain many testes. Even though these are mostly in a single layer, their counting is difficult due to their high number and a well-developed longitudinal musculature. Nybelin (1942) reported 276- 291 testes per proglottid, Freze (1965) 180-424 testes (usually about 250), but Scholz & Hanzelová (1998) only 105 - 171 testes. In the present study, 222-281 testes (x = 249, n = 10) were counted based on illustrations of individual proglottids, which is the most precise method of counting the testes. This species forms, together with Paraproteocephalus parasiluri (Yamaguti, 1934), type and single species of Paraproteocephalus Chen in Dubinina, 1962 (see de Chambrier et al., 2004, 2015; Scholz et al., 2007). Species of both monotypic genera differ from each other in their scolex and strobilar morphology, especially in the presence/absence of a metascolex (absent in the former species versus well-developed in P. parasiluri, which was even placed in the subfamily Corallobothriinae – Freze, 1965), the position of bands of vitelline follicles (‘typically’ vertical alongside margins of proglottids in G. osculata versus L-shaped, with most follicles forming a transverse band lateral to the ovary in the latter species – see figs 6 & 7 in Shimazu, 1993), and uterine diverticula (lateral in the former species as in a majority of proteocephalideans versus forming anterior and posterior branches from the transversely situated uterine stem in P. parasiluri – figs 6 & 7 in Shimazu, 1993). Glanitaenia osculata resembles species of the Proteocephalus aggregate in the morphology of its scolex, which is devoid of any metascolex, and shape of the strobila and its proglottids, which are only slightly wider than long. It can be distinguished from species of the Proteocephalus aggregate by a much more developed apical sucker (versus vestigial or absent in species of the latter group – see Scholz et al., 1998) and by the anterior position of the vaginal canal in relation to the cirrus-sac (ventral to the terminal part of the sac in most species of the Proteocephalus aggregate). In addition, G. osculata is much bigger and more robust than the species of the Proteocephalus aggregate and its proglottids contain much more proglottids, especially immature ones, and more testes (Scholz & Hanzelová, 1998; present study). This tapeworm has been reported from the following countries of Europe and Palaearctic Asia: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia, Azerbaidzhan, Georgia, Iraq and Turkey (Fig. 16; see also Scholz & Hanzelová, 1998 and Gibson et al., 2005 [but misidentification of Postgangesia inarmata de Chambrier, Al-Kallak & Mariaux, 2003 and Postgangesia hemispherous (Rahemo & Al-Niaeemi, 2001) in Iraq cannot be excluded]. Glanitaenia osculata is a specific parasite of wels catfish, which is currently considered to be an invasive species and has recently been introduced to the western and southwestern Europe including northern Italy, Spain, France, Germany and England (Copp et al., 2009; Fig. 16). Therefore, it is possible that new geographical records from two of these countries (the River Po in Italy and the River Rhine basin in Germany – River Aare is a tributary of the Rhine joining it in Koblenz, at the Swiss- German border) are a result of this recent expansion of the wels catfish throughout Europe (Fig. 16).Published as part of Alain de Chambrier & Tomáš Scholz, 2016, An emendation of the generic diagnosis of the monotypic Glanitaenia (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), with notes on the geographical distribution of G. osculata, a parasite of invasive wels catfish, pp. 1-9 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (1) on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4628
Abrégé historique des faits qui ont précédé et suivi les assassinats qui ont eu lieu à Genève le 22 septembre 1796 : pour servir d'éclaircissement à tous les commentaires faits ou à faire à ce sujet ; suivi de quelques considérations générales par le citoyen P. A. Chambrier, ci-devant Syndic
No full textTexte signé: Chéserex, 17 février 1797. P.A. Chambrier, ci-devant SyndicRécit détaillé des événements du 22 septembre et de la part que Chambrier y a prise comme syndic, pour empêcher les assassinats. - Paru le 8 mars 1797 (Journal ms. d'Ami Dunant). - La Relation des faits accomplis par les révolutionnaires genevois, Genève, 1850, p. 143, le reproduit en entie
Ophiotaenia lapata Rambeloson & Ranaivoson & Chambrier 2012, sp. n.
No full text<p> <i>Ophiotaenia lapata</i> sp. n.</p> Figs 1-14 <p>TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype MHNG-PLAT-79567 (field number Mad 007a) (1 slide) and 7 paratypes: MHNG-PLAT-79568 (Mad 007b), 3 whole mounted slides and 18 cross sections; MHNG-PLAT-82165 (Mad 007p), 1 slide; MHNG-PLAT-82166 (Mad 007x), 1 slide, scolex used for SEM; MHNG-PLAT-82167 (Mad 007z), 1 whole mounted slides and 10 transverse sections; MHNG-PLAT-79570 (Mad 008a), 1 whole mounted slide. UADBA No50001 and 50003, (Mad 007), two specimens, 2 slides.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL: MHNG-PLAT-82172 (field number Mad 007hf), 2 whole mounted slides, (voucher material used for the study of the eggs). – MHNG-PLAT-82169 (field number Mad 007y), 1 whole mounted slides and 10 transverse sections. – UADBA No50002, 50004 (field number Mad 007), and 50005 (field number Mad 007c), 3 mounted slides. Some pieces of gravid proglottides were placed in alcohol for DNA analyses. – MHNG-PLAT-79569 (Mad 007c); MHNG-PLAT-82175 (Mad 008hf), and IPCAS C-625, 1 whole mounted slide and 4 slides of serial cross sections (from MHNG-PLAT-82175). – MHNG-PLAT-73222, from Brygoo material; Madagascar, Befandriana S., October 1967, 1 whole mounted slide and 13 transverse sections.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Ambinda Nord/Beanka (-17.93986°Lat; 44.46822°Long), 18 November 2011. All material listed above is from this locality, except MHNG-PLAT-73222.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION (based on 8 specimens, 4 complete and 4 incomplete): Proteocephalidae, Proteocephalinae.</p> <p>Cestodes up to 295 mm long; maximum width 1.2 mm. Strobila acraspedote, anapolytic. All proglottides longer than wide (length: width ratio 1.03-1.52 to 4.80- 6.00, from immature to gravid). Scolex 120-150 long and 190-280 (n = 3) wide, slightly wider than neck (Figs 1-3, 8). Suckers uniloculate, round, slightly embedded, 85- 115 (n = 12) in diameter, representing 30-48% of scolex width (Figs 1, 2). Apical organ 40-45 in diameter, i.e. 15-19% of scolex width, surrounded by cells with finely granular cytoplasm (Fig. 8). Proliferation zone 2.5-3.6 mm long and 140-185 wide.</p> <p>Internal longitudinal musculature weakly developed, anastomosed, formed by numerous tiny muscle fibres (Figs 10, 11). Ventral osmoregulatory canals overlapping testes, reaching laterally vitelline follicles, 5-25 in diameter, with secondary canals directed externally; dorsal canal narrow, thick-walled, 5-10 in diameter (Fig. 13).</p> <p>Testes medullary, on one layer, in two narrow lateral bands (poral field separated by terminal genitalia to preporal and postporal groups). Testes rarely reach anterior margin of proglottis, but never reach to ovary, occupying 81-88% of total length of proglottis (Figs 10, 13, 14). Testes 89-170 (x = 128, n = 38, CV = 17%) in number, with 47-84 (x = 66) aporal testes, 25-49 (x = 37) preporal testes and 19-38 (x = 29) postporal testes. Testes spherical, 50-65 (x = 55, n = 22) in diameter, degenerated in gravid proglottides (Fig. 14).</p> <p>Cirrus-sac elongate, thick-walled, 170-250 (x = 210, n = 53) long and 75-90 (x = 80, n = 10) wide (Fig. 9); RSCS 19-26 % (x = 22%, n = 53, CV = 8 %). Cirrus length represents about 70% of cirrus-sac length. Vas deferens strongly coiled, situated between proximal part of cirrus-sac and midline of proglottides, but never crossing it.</p> <p>Genital atrium present; genital pores alternating irregularly, more or less equatorial, PGP = 43-53% (x = 49 %, n = 12, CV = 6%) (Figs 13, 14). Genital ducts passing between osmoregulatory canals.</p> <p>Ovary medullary, bilobed (Figs 11, 13, 14), 520-840 wide, RSO = 68-81% (x = 75%; n = 55; CV = 4%). Mehlis’ glands 50-80 (x = 60, n = 9) in diameter, representing 9-12% of proglottis width (Figs 11, 13, 14).</p> <p>Vitelline follicles medullary, arranged in two lateral fields near margins of proglottides, occupying 90-95% of proglottis length, interrupted at level of cirrus-sac (Figs 13, 14).</p> <p>Vaginal canal forming small seminal receptacle anterodorsal to ovarian isthmus. Terminal part of vaginal canal (pars copulathrix vaginae) surrounded by large vaginal sphincter and chromophilic cells (Fig. 9). Vagina anterior (62%; n = 26) or posterior (38%) to cirrus-sac.</p> <p> Primordium of uterine stem medullary, present in immature proglottides. Development of uterus of type 1 according to de Chambrier <i>et al.</i> (2004): in immature proglottides, uterine stem straight, occupying most length of proglottis but never crossing ovarian isthmus, formed by wide longitudinal band of chromophilic cells situated along midline of proglottides. Lumen of uterus appearing in first mature proglottides (Fig. 13); diverticula (lateral branches) formed before first eggs appear in uterine stem. In pregravid proglottides, uterus occupying up to 33% of proglottis width, with 41-68 thin-walled lateral diverticula on each side. In gravid proglottides, diverticula occupying up to 80% of proglottis width. Uteroduct enters uterus almost at level of ovary isthmus.</p> <p>Eggs round, with outer envelope 140-165 in diameter (Fig. 12). Embryophore spherical, with thick supplementary spherical layer between outer envelope and oncosphere, thus forming three-layered embryophore: internal layer 18-20 (n = 8) in diameter, middle layer 29-33 (n = 7) in diameter; external layer 34-39 (n = 8) in diameter; External layer of embryophore covered by small outgrowths 2.5-4 long; oncosphere spherical, 14-15 in diameter (n = 8), with three pairs of hooks, 8-9 long (Fig. 12). Eggs mature very fast in uterus and ripe eggs (oncospheres with hooklets) are present in the first pregravid proglottides.</p> <p> TYPE HOST: <i>Madagascarophis colubrinus</i> (Schlegel, 1837) (Serpentes, Lamprophiidae).</p> <p>SITE OF INFECTION: Intestine.</p> <p>PREVALENCE: 2/2 (100%).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The new species is named after the vernacular local name of the host, i.e. “lapata”.</p> <p> DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: The new species is placed in <i>Ophiotaenia</i> La Rue, 1911 (Proteocephalinae) because of the medullary position of the vitelline follicles, the unarmed scolex with uniloculate suckers and testes forming two separate fields (Schmidt, 1986). Ninety-six species of <i>Ophiotaenia</i> parasitizing reptiles and amphibians are currently recognized as valid (Freze, 1965; Schmidt, 1986; Ammann & de Chambrier, 2008; Marsella & de Chambrier, 2008; Coquille & de Chambrier, 2008; de Chambrier & de Chambrier, 2010; de Chambrier <i>et al</i>., 2010, 2012). Out of these, 64 species are parasites of snakes (Squamata) (see Table 1 in de Chambrier <i>et al</i>., 2010).</p> <p> According to Freze (1965), the species of <i>Ophiotaenia</i> are limited in their distribution to individual continents and/or zoogeographical regions; this assumption has been then supported by other data, like an high degree of isolation determined by the presence of a number of endemic genera such as <i>Marsypocephalus</i>, <i>Sandonella</i> (both Africa), and <i>Goezeella</i> (South America) for fish parasites and <i>Rostellotaenia</i> (Africa), <i>Acanthotaenia</i> (Asia) and <i>Kapsulotaenia</i> (Australia, Papua New Guinea) for reptiles parasites (Freze, 1965); furthermore, for species of <i>Ophiotaenia</i> from amphibian hosts (de Chambrier <i>et al</i>., 2006) and from reptilian hosts (Ammann & de Chambrier, 2008), a strict specificity (oioxenous sensu Euzet & Combes, 1980) was observed in all species of this genus. For this reason, the new species is separable from 14 <i>Ophiotaenia</i> species found in snakes in Africa (for their complete list, see de Chambrier <i>et al</i>., 2010).</p> <p> <i>Ophiotaenia lapata</i> sp. n. differs from all but one <i>Ophiotaenia</i> species parasitic in African snakes by the presence of an apical organ (Table 1), the only African species possessing an apical organ being <i>O. adiposa</i> Rudin, 1917 described from <i>Bitis arietans</i> from Cameroun. <i>Ophiotaenia lapata</i> differs from <i>O. adiposa</i> by its lower number of testes (89-170 versus 170-220), position of the genital pore (situated at 43- 53% of the proglottis length from the anterior margin, i.e. almost equatorial in <i>O. lapata</i>, versus markedly pre-equatorial, i.e. at 20-25% length of the proglottis in <i>O. adiposa</i>) and smaller scolex (width 240-280 µm in the former species versus 500-600 µm in <i>O. adiposa</i>) (Table 1).</p> <p> <i>Ophiotaenia lapata</i> n. sp. also differs from all but one <i>Ophiotaenia</i> species parasitic in African snakes in the possession of a third layer of the egg embryophore (Fig. 12). This layer is external to the oncosphere, i.e. it forms the internal envelope of the embryophore. The eggs of all African taxa described until now possess only a twolayered embryophore (Beddard, 1913; Rudin, 1917; Fuhrmann, 1924; Sandground, 1928; Hilmy, 1936; Mettrick, 1960, 1963; Southwell & Lake, 1939; Freze, 1965). A similar structure, i.e. an additional layer of the embryophore, was first observed in some other Proteocephalidea tapeworms (see de Chambrier & Vaucher, 1999; de Chambrier, 2006; Coquille & de Chambrier, 2008; Marsella & de Chambrier, 2008; de Chambrier <i>et al</i>., 2010; de Chambrier & de Chambrier, 2010; de Chambrier <i>et al</i>., 2012).</p> <p> This character is present in a wide range of proteocephalidean genera and geographical areas, such as <i>Proteocephalus</i> (<i>P. hobergi</i> de Chambrier & Vaucher, 1999) in Paraguay, <i>Kapsulotaenia</i> (<i>K. sandgroundi</i> Carter, 1943) in Indonesia, <i>Cairaella</i> (<i>C</i>. <i>henrii</i> Coquille & de Chambrier, 2008) in Ecuador, <i>Ophiotaenia</i> (<i>O. alessandrae</i> Marsella & de Chambrier, 2008 in Ecuador, <i>O. gallardi</i> (Johnston, 1911) in Australia and <i>O. bungari</i> de Chambrier, Binh & Scholz, 2012 in Vietnam). This additional layer of the embryophore, even if it seems to be a convergence phenomenon, is considered as a good discriminant character.</p> <p> The only African species, the embryophore of which is also three-layered as in the eggs of <i>O. lapata</i>, is <i>O. georgievi</i> de Chambrier, Ammann & Scholz, 2010 described recently from <i>Leioheterodon geayi</i> Mocquard. This species differs from <i>O. lapata</i>, besides being devoid of an apical organ (see above and Table 1), by the number of uterine branches (23-28 in <i>O. georgievi</i> versus 41-68 in <i>O. lapata</i>), and by the total length of the strobila (50 mm in <i>O. georgievi</i> versus 295 mm in <i>O. lapata</i>).</p>Published as part of <i>Rambeloson, Voahirana R., Ranaivoson, Hafaliana C. & Chambrier, Alain de, 2012, Ophiotaenia lapata sp. n. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea) from Madagascar: a parasite of the endemic snake Madagascarophis colubrinus (Colubridae), pp. 547-559 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 119 (4)</i> on pages 548-554, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.150205, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5822917">http://zenodo.org/record/5822917</a>
Ophiotaenia oumanskyi Chambrier, Pertierra, O. & Ch-, 2012, sp. n.
No full textOphiotaenia oumanskyi sp. n. Figs. 1-8 TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype MHNG-PLAT-62560, 1 whole mounted slide. – Paratype 1, MHNG-PLAT-82004, 1 whole mounted slide. – Paratype 2, MHNG-PLAT-82005, 3 whole mounted slides, 10 cross sections. All material is from the type locality and was collected by Carlo Dlouhy 4.02.2002, field number Py 9044. DESCRIPTION (BASED ON THREE ENTIRE SPECIMENS): Proteocephalidae, Proteocephalinae. Large-sized worms, 50-96 mm long, up to 1.23 mm wide, flattened dorsoventrally, with last proglottides elongated. Strobila acraspedote, anapolytic, with about 150 proglottides; 101-138 (x = 125) immature proglottides (up to appearance of spermatozoa in vas deferens), 5-9 (x = 7) mature proglottides (up to appearance of eggs in uterus), 2-6 (x = 4) pregravid proglottides (up to appearance of hooks in oncospheres); 10-17 (x = 13) gravid proglottides. Proliferation zone, 1000-1400 long. Immature proglottides wider than long; and mature, pregravid, gravid proglottides longer than wide. Last gravid proglottides elongated (length: wide ratio 2.3-5.7). Scolex spherical, 350-410 wide, contains numerous cells with granular inclusions in the apical region. Apical organ present, 38-56 (x = 43) × 50-65 (x = 54, n = 3), ratio of the width of the apical organ to the width of the scolex 14-17%. Four small uniloculate suckers, 150-170 in diameter (Fig. 1). Internal longitudinal musculature developed (Figs 3-5), forming small anastomosed bundles of muscular fibres. Osmoregulatory canals usually situated between vitellaria and testes. Ventral canal rarely overlapping vitellaria. Ventral canals 25-50 in diameter, with secondary canals ending beneath the tegument; dorsal canals 10-15 in diameter (Figs 1, 3-5). Testes medullary, oval, 60-75 (x = 70) × 35-45 (x = 40, n = 21) in diameter, numbering 85-119 (x = 103, n = 21, CV = 8%), in one or two layers, in two lateral fields between anterior margin and preovarian space, reaching to ovary (Figs 4, 7), degenerated in last gravid proglottides. Occasionally, some testes overlap uterine stem. Vas deferens coiled, thin-walled, reaching to midline of proglottis (Figs 5, 7). Cirrussac elongate to pyriform, thick-walled, 180-260 long, representing 20-27% (x = 23%, n = 25, CV = 8%) of proglottis width. Cirrus occupying up to 70% of cirrus-sac length (Fig. 2). Genital ducts passing between osmoregulatory canals. Genital atrium present. Genital pores irregularly alternating, situated at 35-61% (x = 41%, n = 21, CV = 14%) of proglottis length. Vagina posterior (in 52% of the proglottides) or anterior (in 48% of the proglottides, n = 46) to cirrus-sac, in proximal part lined with intensely staining cells. Muscular terminal sphincter present, 35-40 in diameter (Figs 2, 7, 8). Mehlis’ glands 70-105 in diameter, 9-13% of proglottis width. Ovary medullary, bilobed, small, with follicles on ventral side 445-620 wide, occupying 61-70% (x = 66%, n = 29, CV = 4%) of proglottis width (Figs 4, 7, 8). Ovary occupying 6.7% of proglottis surface in mature proglottis and 8.3% of proglottis surface in gravid proglottis (see Ammann & de Chambrier, 2008 and de Chambrier et al., 2012 for methodology of measuring the ovarian surface). Vitelline follicles medullary, oval to elongate, in two lateral fields, interrupted porally by vagina and cirrus-sac, reaching almost anterior and posterior margins of proglottides, occupying porally 91-97% and aporally 91-96 % of proglottis length, respectively (Figs 3-5, 7, 8). Anlage of uterus medullary, already present in immature proglottides. Uterus with 18-25 (n = 13) dorsolateral diverticula on each side in gravid proglottides (Figs 5, 6). Formation of uterus of type 1 according to de Chambrier et al. (2004): uterine stem with tubular concentration of numerous intensely stained cells and with lumen in last immature and first mature proglottides (Fig. 7). In mature proglottides, thin-walled lateral diverticula appear, with distal part lined with some intensely staining cells. At this stage, uterus occupying up to 22% of proglottis width. In pregravid proglottides, eggs completely filling uterine stem and diverticula that occupy up to 34% of proglottis width. In gravid proglottides, thin-walled digitate diverticula growing laterally, occupying up to 72% of proglottis width, opening ventrally by several longitudinal apertures. Eggs spherical, with thin, hyaline outer envelope, up to 55 in diameter; inner envelope consisting in two-layered embryophore, with external thick layer, 23-26 in diameter and nucleate irregular envelope, 18-21 in diameter; oncospheres 11-13 in diameter, with 3 pairs of embryonic hooks, 6-8 long (Fig. 6). TYPE LOCALITY: Loma Plata, Filadelfia, Alto Paraguay Province, Paraguay (22°18'S, 68°18'W). TYPE-HOST: Lepidobatrachus laevis Budgett, 1899 (Leptodactylidae). SITE OF INFECTION: Intestine. PREVALENCE: 1/1. INTENSITY: 3 specimens. ETYMOLOGY: The new species is named in honour of Igor Oumansky, Geneva, who facilitated our field work in South America. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: The new species belongs to the genus Ophiotaenia because of the medullary position of gonads, the presence of four simple unilocular suckers and two lateral field testes (Freze, 1965; Schmidt, 1986; Rego, 1994). Off the approximately 96 currently recognized species of Ophiotaenia parasitizing reptiles and amphibians (Schmidt, 1986; de Chambrier et al., 2006; Marsella & de Chambrier, 2008; de Chambrier et al., 2010, 2012), 25 species of Ophiotaenia parasitize amphibians and 10 of them occur in anurans in the Neotropical Region (Caribbean, southeastern Mexico, Central America and South America; Table 1) (Parodi & Widakowich, 1916; Vigueras, 1942; Wolffhügel, 1948; Szidat & Soria, 1954; Flores-Barroeta, 1955; Dyer & Altig, 1977; Dyer, 1986; Puga & Formas, 2005; de Chambrier et al., 2006; Marsella & de Chambrier, 2008). Among the 10 species of Ophiotaenia found in anurans of the Neotropical Region, only O. bonariensis Szidat & Soria, 1954 and O. ecuadoriensis Dyer, 1986 possess an apical organ, whereas it is absent in O. alessandrae Marsella & de Chambrier, 2008; O. bonneti de Chambrier, Coquille & Brooks, 2006; O. bufonis (Vigueras, 1942); O. calamensis Puga & Formas, 2005; O. ceratophryos (Parodi & Widakowich, 1916); O. hernandezi (Flores-Barroeta, 1955); O. noei Wolffhügel, 1948; and O. olseni Dyer & Altig, 1977. The new species resembles O. ecuadorensis in the size of the scolex (350-410 µm and 370-450 µm, respectively), but differs in the total length (50-96 mm vs. 29 mm), the position of the vagina to the cirrus-sac (anterior and posterior vs. only posterior) and the diameter of oncospheres (23-26 µm vs. 30 µm). Ophiotaenia oumanskyi is easily differentiated from O. bonariensis because the latter is very large (400-500 mm versus 50-96 mm), has a higher number of testes (120-140 versus 85-119) and the vagina is always anterior to the cirrus-sac versus anterior and posterior (see Table 1). On the basis of the above differences, specimens found in Lepidobatrachus laevis are considered to represent a new species and the name Ophiotaenia oumanskyi sp. n. is proposed to accommodate it.Published as part of De Chambrier, Alain, Gil de Pertierra, Alicia, P. O. & Ch-, 2012, Ophiotaenia oumanskyi sp. n. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), a parasite of Lepidobatrachus laevis Budgett, 1899 (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Paraguay, pp. 561-570 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 119 (4) on pages 562-566, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.150206, http://zenodo.org/record/703248
Pseudocrepidobothrium ludovici Ruedi & Chambrier & P.O. & Ch- 2012, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pseudocrepidobothrium ludovici</i> sp. n. Figs 1-16 <p>TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype MHNG INVE 22003, 1 whole mounted slide, field number Br 334. – 29 paratypes MHNG INVE 22000, 22108, 30531-32, 79281-85, 79302, 79306-20, 79327, 79335, 79340-41. – 2 paratypes IPCAS C-610, field number Br 785, Br 649 3/5z; 1 paratype NHMUK 2012.1.23. 1, field number Br 785.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL: From Itacoatiara, Amazon River, Amazonas Province, Brazil; collected 15-17.09.1992; MHNG INVE 22001, 22003, 22016, 79281-85, 79305. – Same locality as in previous series, collected 01-18.10.1995: MHNG INVE 22000, 22047, 22103, 22108, 25600, 25610, 27437, 28298, 30531-32, 31199, 35186, 79302-04, 79306-20, 79327, 79333, 79335, 79337-42, 79345, 79349-50, 79354, 79356, 79360, 79363-64, 79388; NHMUK 2012.1.12. 1; IPCAS No C-610 (Br 695z paratypes, cross section; Br 649 3/5 & Br 804, Br 804a), MACN No. 520/1-3 (Br 649 3/5y).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Itacoatiara, Amazon River, Amazonas Province, Brazil, 17.09.1992. 03.1536°S 58.4382°W, Field number Br 334, A. de Chambrier & A. A. Rego leg.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION (BASED ON 32 ENTIRE SPECIMENS): Proteocephalidae, Proteocephalinae. Small-sized worm, 7-23 mm long, up to 1150 wide, flattened dorsoventrally. Strobila acraspedote, anapolytic, bearing 20-36 proglottides in total, 9- 22 immature, 1-6 mature, 3-19 gravid. Proliferation zone posterior to scolex short, up to 620 long and 283-765 wide. Immature and mature proglottides wider than long; pregravid proglottides wider than long, then longer than wide and gravid proglottides longer than wide. Some abnormal proglottides (e.g. with hypertrophy of vitelline follicles) were not considered in this study.</p> <p>Scolex massive, round, 515-1020 in diameter (x = 775, n = 23) (Figs 1-4, 7), clearly separated from strobila. Apical tegumental folds present (Figs 2, 4). Four heartshaped suckers, with notched posterior margin, disposed dorsally and ventrally by pairs, 230-385 (x = 290; n = 12) in diameter (Fig. 5). Apical organ absent. Scolex usually rectangle-shaped in apical view. Surface of scolex uniformly covered with capilliform filitriches (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Internal longitudinal musculature weakly developed (Figs 13, 14) forming small anastomosed bundles of muscular fibers. Osmoregulatory canals usually situated between vitellaria and testes. Ventral canals about 35 in diameter with a secondary canal situated posteriorly near lateral margin and which seems to end at ventral surface (Fig. 8). Dorsal osmoregulatory canals about 15 in diameter, sometimes anastomosed or double.</p> <p>Testes medullary, spherical to oval, 50-95 by 25-85 in diameter, numbering 37-79 (x = 55, n = 37, CV = 19%), in one (rarely two) layer, in two lateral fields (Figs 8-10, 13), usually connected with some testes anteriorly; testes degenerated in last gravid proglottides. Vas deferens coiled, very thin-walled, reaching to midline of proglottis, rarely overlapping it (Fig. 8). Cirrus-sac elongate to piriform, thin-walled, 155-260 long and 65-125 wide, representing 25-35% (x = 30%, n = 30, CV = 9%) of proglottis width. Cirrus occupying 35-57% (n = 26) of cirrus-sac length (Fig. 11).</p> <p>Genital ducts passing between osmoregulatory canals. Genital atrium present. Genital pores irregularly alternating, situated at 15-29% (x = 22%, n = 28, CV = 14%) of proglottis length.</p> <p>Vagina posterior (in 53% of proglottides) or anterior (in 47% of proglottides, n = 112) to cirrus-sac, in proximal part lined with chromophil cells. Muscular terminal sphincter present (Fig. 11). Mehlis’ glands 35-100 in diameter, representing 6-14% of proglottis width.</p> <p>Ovary medullary, bilobed, butterfly-shaped in gravid proglottides, 310-565 wide, occupying 53-67% (x = 59%, n = 30, CV = 6%) of proglottis width (Figs 8-10, 14).</p> <p>Vitelline follicles medullary and paramuscular (according to de Chambrier, 1990), oval to elongate, small, in two lateral fields, absent in preporal area, occupying porally 63-78% (x = 69%; n = 16) and aporally 75-95% (x = 84%; n = 17) (Figs 8-10, 13, 14).</p> <p>Anlage of uterus medullary, already present in immature proglottides. Uterus with 14-20 very short lateral diverticula on each side (Fig. 12). Formation of uterus of type 1 according to de Chambrier et al. (2004a): uterine stem with tubular concentration of numerous intensely staining cells and with lumen in last immature and first mature proglottides (Figs 8, 9, 13, 14). In mature proglottides, thin-walled lateral diverticula appear. In pregravid proglottides, eggs filling uterine stem and diverticula. In gravid proglottides, uterus sometimes opening precociously ventrally by one longitudinal aperture and sometimes conserving eggs up to last proglottis. In last proglottides, uterus occupies up to 71% of proglottis width (Fig. 11)</p> <p>Eggs spherical, with thin, hyaline outer envelope, up to 60 in diameter; inner envelope consisting in two-layered embryophore, with external thick layer, 17 in diameter, and nucleate irregular envelope, 12-14 in diameter; oncospheres 8-9 in diameter, with 3 pairs of embryonic hooks, 5-6 long (Figs 15, 16).</p> <p> TYPE-HOST: <i>Phractocephalus hemioliopterus</i> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae).</p> <p>SITE OF INFECTION: From anterior to middle of the intestine.</p> <p>PREVALENCE: 12/29 (41%) in Brazil, 0/11 (0%) in Peru.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The new species is named in honour of Ludovic Ruedi, brother of the first author.</p> <p> DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: The present species is placed in <i>Pseudocrepidobothrium</i> Rego and Ivanov, 2001 (Proteocephalinae) because of the medullary position of the genital organs, the medullary and paramuscular position of vitellaria and the heart-shaped structure of suckers (Freze, 1965; Schmidt, 1986; Rego and Ivanov, 2001).</p> <p> The present species differs from <i>Pseudocrepidobothrium eirasi</i>, the only other species known in that genus, by the following characters: absence of appendix at the ventral posterior edge of each side of the proglottis, absence of a polar structure on the egg, number of testes (37-79, x = 55 in <i>P. ludovici</i> versus 21-51, x = 32), the disposition of vitelline follicles (more numerous posteriorly in <i>P. eirasi</i>) the number of segments (20-36 in <i>P. ludovici</i> versus 7-12 for <i>P. eirasi</i>) and the shape of the scolex (which is usually rectangular in apical view in <i>P. ludovici</i> and square in apical view in <i>P. eirasi</i>, see Fig. 2 in the present paper, and Fig. 9 in Rego and Ivanov, 2001).</p> <p> In a recent paper (de Chambrier <i>et al</i>., 2004a, Fig. 1), the genus <i>Pseudocrepidobothrium</i>, including by <i>P. eirasi</i> and <i>Pseudocrepidobothrium</i> sp. (= <i>P. ludovici</i> sp. n.) represented a natural taxon, because the 28S sequences data strongly supported a close relationship between both species. In a forthcoming paper dealing with molecular reconstructions, both species also represent a monophyletic group (unpublished data).</p>Published as part of <i>Ruedi, Virginie & De Chambrier, Alain, 2012, Pseudocrepidobothrium ludovici sp. n. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), a parasite of Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Pisces: Pimelodidae) from Brazilian Amazon, pp. 137-147 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 119 (1)</i> on pages 138-141, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.150326, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5822848">http://zenodo.org/record/5822848</a>
Riggenbachiella amazonense Philippe Vieira Alves & Alain de Chambrier & José Luis Luque & Tomáš Scholz 2017, n. sp.
No full text<i>Riggenbachiella amazonense</i> n. sp. <p>Syns <i>Chambriella</i> sp. of de Chambrier et al. (2006), de Chambrier & Scholz (2008), Ruedi & de Chambrier (2012); <i>Chambriella</i> sp. 2 and <i>Chambriella</i> sp. 4 of de Chambrier et al. (2015b)</p> <p> <i>Type-host</i>: <i>Sorubimichthys planiceps</i> (Spix & Agassiz) (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae).</p> <p> <i>Other hosts</i>: <i>Phractocephalus hemioliopterus</i> (Bloch & Schneider), <i>Zungaro zungaro</i> (Humboldt) (all Siluriformes: Pimelodidae).</p> <p> <i>Type-locality</i>: River Amazon near Iquitos, Region of Loreto, Peru (3 34’S, 72 50’W).</p> <p> <i>Other locality</i>: River Amazon, Itacoatiara (State of Amazonas, Brazil; 3 09’S, 58 26’W).</p> <p> <i>Prevalence</i>: 27% (6/22) and 50% (5/10) in <i>S</i>. <i>planiceps</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>hemioliopterus</i>, respectively, from River Amazon (Peru).</p> <p> <i>Site in host</i>: Anterior intestine.</p> <p> <i>Type-material</i>: Holotype (entire specimen, MHNG- PLAT 70835); 6 paratypes (entire specimens, CHIOC 38481a-c, 3 paratypes, BMNH NHMUK 2016.11.2 5.24, 2 paratypes, and 3 slides with serial cross-sections, IPCAS C-749, MHNG-PLAT 94096). <i>Voucher material</i>: Specimens from <i>P</i>. <i>hemioliopterus</i> (4 entire specimens) Iquitos, Peru, collected by A. de Chambrier and R. Kuchta on 13 and 20.x.2009; 4 entire specimens and 2 slides with serial cross-sections from Itacoatiara, Brazil, collected by A. A. Rego and A. de Chambrier on 17.ix.1992 (MHNG-PLAT 67054, CHIOC 38482a, b, MHNG-PLAT 2 2005, host field Nos. PI 727, PI 613, BR 3 30); vouchers from <i>Z</i>. <i>zungaro</i> (5 entire specimens and 13 slides with serial cross sections from Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil, collected by A. A. Rego and A. de Chambrier on 25.ix.1992 and 6.x.1995 (MHNG-PLAT 19544, CHIOC 38483a-h, host field Nos. BR 385, BR 634y). <i>Representative DNA sequences</i>: 2 isolates from <i>P</i>. <i>hemioliopterus</i> and 3 isolates from <i>S</i>. <i>planiceps</i> had identical sequences of 1,491 bp long of the <i>lsr</i> DNA (D1-D3 domains) (GenBank KY20745 0, KY207451).</p> <p> <i>ZooBank registration</i>: To comply with the regulations set out in article 8.5 of the amended 2012 version of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 2012), details of the new genus and new species have been submitted to ZooBank. The Life Science Identifier LSID for <i>Riggenbachiella</i> n. g. is urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A6D4B7F4-A6BF-4 9C2-B D88-864 EBCD 346AE and the LSID for <i>Riggenbachiella amazonense</i> n. sp. is urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:629315D9-65EF-4363-99BD-917A90CFA58A. <i>Etymology</i>: The specific name reflects the river basin from which the specimens were collected.</p> <p>Description <b>(</b> Figs. 2E, F, H, K, L, 4)</p> <p>[Based on 10 specimens; selected measurements in Table 3.] Proteocephalidae, Monticelliinae. Smallsized worms. Strobila acraspedote, anapolytic, consisting of about 51–70 proglottides: 31–56 immature (up to appearance of spermatozoa in vas deferen’s), 3–5 mature (up to appearance of eggs in uterus), 12–15 pregravid (up to appearance of hooks in oncospheres) and 5–7 gravid (with fully formed eggs). Immature proglottides wider than long (length: width ratio 0.15–0.83); mature proglottides wider than long to longer than wide (length: width ratio 0.63–1.27); pregravid and gravid proglottides longer than wide (length: width ratio 1.48–2.56). Scolex wider than proliferative zone (neck), bearing 4 bi-loculate suckers; apex knob-like, without apical organ. Suckers pyriform, large, corresponding almost to 70% of scolex length; with moderately developed muscular rims and posterior loculus slightly wider than anterior one; septum between loculi weak to slightly developed (Figs. 2E, F, 4A). Apex of scolex, upper part of sucker rim and medium part between suckers covered with acicular filitriches interspersed with gladiate spinitriches of similar appearance and density (Fig. 2H, K, L). Inner longitudinal musculature weakly developed and sparsely distributed, formed by a few small bundles of muscle fibres (Fig. 4E; see also figure 45 of de Chambrier & Scholz, 2008). Osmoregulatory canals situated at same level, median to lateral bands of vitelline follicles and medioventral to lateralmost testes, almost straight (Fig. 4G–I). Ventral canals thin-walled and wide; dorsal canals thick-walled (Fig. 4G–I).</p> <p>Testes cortical, spherical, in 1 layer (Fig. 4E, G), reaching to ventral row of vitelline follicles, in 1 field, less numerous in median line of proglottides (uterine stem) and at cirrus-sac level (Fig. 4B, C), present also in gravid proglottides. Vas deferens strongly coiled, with loops forming elongate field reaching to (and sometimes crossing) median line of proglottis (Fig. 4B). Cirrus-sac sigmoid, with dilated, voluminous internal sperm duct forming internal seminal vesicle composed of several small chambers (Fig. 4B– D); middle part of cirrus-sac muscular, with sinuous ejaculatory duct. Cirrus short, straight, containing inverted T-shaped ejaculatory duct in its proximal part (Fig. 4D–F). Genital pores alternating irregularly, markedly pre-equatorial (Fig. 4B, C).</p> <p>Ovary cortical, bi-lobed and slightly follicular (Fig. 4B). Mehlis’ gland 4 0–95 in diameter, representing 8–10% of proglottis width (n = 13). Vaginal canal almost straight, with terminal part (<i>pars copulatrix vaginae</i>) surrounded by chromophilic cells, with well-developed vaginal sphincter (Fig. 4B–D). Vagina anterior (in 88% of proglottides) or rarely posterior to cirrus-sac. Vitelline follicles cortical, arranged in 2 lateral rows, absent anteriorly to cirrus-sac on poral side, exceptionally 3–4 vitelline follicles pre-poral (Fig. 4B, C). Uterus cortical, with development of type 2 (see de Chambrier et al., 2004, 2015a). Uterus opens by elongate, slit-like pore; uterine stem appearing in mature proglottides, occupying 81–88% (n = 5) of pregravid proglottides length. Intrauterine eggs spherical, with bi-layered embryophore.</p> Remarks <p> <i>Riggenbachiella amazonense</i> n. sp. is designated as type-species of the new genus because a much better material of this species was available for detailed morphological description compared to that of <i>R. paranaense</i> n. comb., which is the second species of the new genus (see below). In addition, molecular data are not available for the latter species, whereas several reference sequences of isolates of <i>R. amazonense</i> n. sp. from two fish hosts were obtained. Since these sequences were identical (Fig. 1) and no morphological differences were observed (except for a slightly different position of the vagina related to cirrus-sac, which may be rarely posterior in cestodes from <i>S. planiceps vs</i> always anterior in those from <i>P. hemioliopterus</i>), all tapeworms from these hosts are considered identical. <i>Sorubimichthys planiceps</i> is designated as the type-host because more numerous material from this host was available and some data on the morphology of these worms were already published by de Chambrier & Scholz (2008; as <i>Chambriella</i> sp.).</p> <p>De Chambrier et al. (2015b) distinguished four morphotypes of ‘ <i>Chambriella</i> ’ from big pimelodid catfishes of four different genera (<i>Brachyplatystoma</i> Bleeker, <i>Phractocephalus</i> Agassiz, <i>Pseudoplatystoma</i> and <i>Sorubimichthys</i>), assuming that these are four putative new species. The present study, which also included DNA sequencing, revealed that two of these four morphotypes (‘‘ <i>Chambriella</i> sp. 2’’ and ‘‘ <i>Chambriella</i> sp. 4’’) are conspecific with <i>R</i>. <i>amazonense</i> n. sp.</p>Published as part of <i>Philippe Vieira Alves, Alain de Chambrier, José Luis Luque & Tomáš Scholz, 2017, Untangling convoluted taxonomy of Chambriella Rego, Chubb & Pavanelli, 1999 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), with erection of Riggenbachiella n. g. and the description of a new species from pimelodid catfishes in the Neotropical Region, pp. 367-389 in Syst Parasitol 94</i> on pages 373-376, DOI: 10.1007/s11230-017-9700-1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/925123">http://zenodo.org/record/925123</a>
Pseudancistrus corantijniensis Chambrier & Montoya-Burgos, 2008, new species
No full text<i>Pseudancistrus corantijniensis</i> new species <p>Fig. 1</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b>: SURINAME: Sipaliwini District, Corantijn River Dr., MHNG 2672.092 (field number SU05-296). 167.16 mm SL. Corantijn River at Kaw Falls, 4°59'48.3'' N, 57°37'49.5'' W, J. I. Montoya-Burgos, R. Covain and P. Hollanda Carvalho, 5 October 2005.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>. All localities SURINAME, Sipaliwini District, Corantijn River Dr., Corantijn River, and same collectors as holotype: MHNG 2672.092, 7, 56.6-160.6 (field numbers SU05-282; SU05-292; SU05-293; SU05-297 - SU05-299); MNHN 2007-1931 (SU05-294); MNHN 2007-1932 (SU05-295); NZCS F7064 - F7065; same data as holotype. MHNG 2672.090, 1, 134.94 (SU05-309), Temery area, 4°41'10.2'' N, 57°50'03.2'' W, 5 October 2005. MHNG 2672.074, 10, 62.52-178.76 (SU05-321 - SU05-330), Wonotobo Falls, 4°22'35.3'' N, 57°57'25.1'' W, 6 October 2005. MHNG 2672.066, 1, 108.12 (SU05-355), Wonotobo Falls, 300m upstream of previous locality, 6 October 2005. MHNG 2672.056, 1, 86.0 (SU05-391), Wonotobo Falls, 4°22'35.3'' N, 57°57'25.1'' W, 7 October 2005. MHNG 2672.081, 1, 132.0 (SU05-516), Kaw Falls, 5°00'45.6'' N, 57°18'23.5'' W, 8 October 2005.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> <i>Pseudancistrus corantijniensis</i> is distinguished from non-derived <i>Pseudancistrus</i> and other Ancistrini by the presence of hypertrophied odontodes along the snout in males as well as in females and quite early in ontogeny. <i>Pseudancistrus corantijniensis</i> is diagnosed from derived <i>Pseudancistrus</i> on the basis of coloration: whitish spots very small, crowded and faint (especially in preserved specimens) on the snout to the posterior border of the eyes and the anterior border of the cleithrum, becoming abruptly larger (at least 1 mm in diameter even in young specimens), more spaced and more visible on the posterior part of the head (Figs. 1 and 2). Large whitish spots continue along the body with a slight and gradual increase in size posteriorly. A single large whitish spot is generally present on each dorso-lateral plate posterior to the pelvic-fins. <i>Pseudancistrus barbatus</i> and <i>P. depressus</i> have smaller whitish spots covering the body and the spots increase slightly and gradually in size from snout to caudal peduncle rather than displaying an abrupt spot size reduction posterior to the eyes as in <i>P. corantijniensis</i>. In <i>P. nigrescens</i>, the whitish spots increase gradually in size from the snout to caudal peduncle, yet they become bigger and hazier than in the other derived <i>Pseudancistrus</i>. In the latter species, larger spots are often not round and can cover more than one plate.</p> <p> <i>Pseudancistrus corantijniensis</i> can be further distinguished from other derived Guyanese <i>Pseudancistrus</i> by having a trapezoidal cross section in the region posterior to the head and anterior to the dorsal-fin spine versus a more round, almost semicircular cross section in other derived <i>Pseudancistrus</i> species. In addition, <i>P. corantijniensis</i> can be distinguished from <i>P. barbatus</i> and <i>P. d e p re s s u s</i> by the color and length of snout odontodes. In the new species, the odontodes are whitish and homogenous in length, with the exception of shorter ones on the tip of</p> <p>Photos by S. Chraiti.</p> <p> the snout, and slightly longer ones finishing on the cheek. In <i>P. barbatus</i> and <i>P. depressus,</i> the odontodes are reddish-brown (in young specimens, this color is more visible on the posterior snout odontodes) and their length increases gradually from tip of the snout to cheeks. A comparison of snout odontodes and spotting pattern on the head of the four derived Guyanese <i>Pseudancistrus</i> is given in Figure 3. Moreover, in <i>P. corantijniensis</i> the head is more depressed (height 7–8 times in SL; mean = 7.47, N= 23) than in <i>P. nigrescens</i> (height 5.3 - 6.4 times in SL; mean = 5.89, N= 12).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Selected morphometrics are given in Table 1. <i>Pseudancistrus corantijniensis</i> is a quite large species, largest specimen 178.8 mm in SL. Head gently sloped from snout tip to posterior part of orbit, then dorsal profile almost flat and straight to insertion of adipose-fin spine. Supraoccipital flat with slight posterior point medially. Dorsal margin of orbit higher than mesial portion of head. Iris with small dorsal flap, sometimes reaching the center of pupil. Body widest at the cleithrum with a marked and linear narrowing from cleithrum to the caudal-fin. Body dorsoventrally flattened. Dorsal profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave. Ventral surface flat. Caudal peduncle trapezoidal in cross section with ventral and dorsal surface flat, ventral surface larger.</p> <p>Upper lip wide with thin papillae. Lower lip wide with thin papillae slightly larger in the central portion, posterior margin almost devoid of papillae. Only maxillary barbel present, short, sometimes bifurcated. Number of lateral plates in median series: 24. Dorsal plate series bent, flattened dorsally, forming a marked ridge from base of the dorsal-fin spine to base of caudal fin. The ridge is less marked posterior to the base of adipose-fine spine. Inframedian plate series bent in middle from the cleithrum to the insertion of pelvic-fin creating a marked keel. Ventral plates of caudal peduncle also bent, ventrally flat and forming almost a right angle on lower sides. Five rows of plates on caudal peduncle. Abdomen naked.</p> <p>Numerous whitish hypertrophied odontodes along the head margin, homogenous in length excepting the anterior portion of the snout where odontodes are smaller. The few longest odontodes are on the posterior most portion of the nonevertible cheek plates. Body plates and cleithrum bear minute odontodes, which become modestly hypertrophied on the posterior margin of plates. All fin spines and rays suppor odontodes, which are moderately hypertrophied on the pectoral-fin spines, gradually larger towards the tip, in males, females and young specimens.</p> <p>Dorsal-fin (I + 7) reaching adipose-fin when adpressed (mainly in young specimens). Dorsal-fin margin straight, oblique. Dorsal-fin spinlet with a concave posterior margin. Dorsal-fin lock functional. Adipose-fin with single median preadipose plate and slightly curved spine. Caudal-fin (I+14+I) margin slightly concave. Pectoral-fin (I+6) spine usually reaching the middle portion of the pelvic-fin when adpressed ventral to pelvic-fin. Pelvic-fin (I+5) spine usually reaching insertion of anal-fin spine or slightly beyond. Anal-fin (I+4) spine three fourths the length of first branched ray.</p> <p>Long bicuspid teeth with a longer median lobe. 57 - 93 dentary teeth per ramus (median = 72, N = 23). 48 - 78 premaxillary teeth per ramus (median = 62, N = 23). Wide jaws, dentaries forming an oblique angle, premaxillaries almost co-linear.</p> <p> <b>Color</b>. Ground color dark greenish-brown laterally and dorsally, becoming lighter ventrally on ventral plate series. Belly light yellow, sometimes with pinkish areas. Anterior part of head to posterior margin of orbits with many small, crowded, whitish spots; spots becoming abruptly larger and more spaced on posterior part of head and continuing onto body becoming slightly and gradually larger towards caudal peduncle. Median and supra median plate series usually with 2-3 large spots per plate anterior to pelvic-fins and one large spot per plate posterior to the pelvic-fins. Dorsal plate series with three, sometimes four spots per plate anterior to the dorsal-fin and generally two large spots per plate posterior to dorsal-fin spine. Inframedian plate series with 4-6 spots per plate anterior to the insertion of the pelvic-fin spine, generally 2-3 spots along the pelvic-fin, and generally a single spot elongated dorsoventrally in posterior plates. Ventral surface of upper lip dark greenish-brown. Dorsal-fin membrane, spine and rays with whitish oval medium size spots. Adipose-fin with one or two large whitish spots on the membrane and spine. Caudal-fin with whitish round spots centered in rays, spots slightly smaller than on the caudal peduncle. Pectoral-fin spine with whitish spots in the proximal part, fading distally; round spots centered on pectoral-fin rays. Pelvic-fin spine with or without whitish spots; when present, round spots centered on pelvic-fin rays. Anal-fin with few whitish spots or lighter areas.</p> <p> <b>Range</b>. Known from middle and lower Corantijn River in Suriname (Fig. 4)</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The name is derived from the Corantijn River, to which this species seems to be restricted.</p> <p> A molecular phylogenetic approach was used to investigate species relationships among putatively derived Guyanese members of <i>Pseudancistrus</i> (i.e., species bearing hypertrophied odontodes along the snout). The mitochondrial D-loop sequences were obtained for 27 individuals collected in various localities and representing five species: <i>P. barbatus</i> (type species), <i>P. depressus</i>, <i>P. nigrescens</i>, <i>P. n i g e r</i>, and <i>P. corantijniensis</i>, n. sp. (Table 2). <i>Lasiancistrus</i> was used as outgroup because it lacks hypertrophied odontodes along the snout and has evertible cheek plates. The sequence alignment comprised 574 positions, from which 214 where variable within the ingroup. Base composition was biased in favor of Thymine (34.8% of all bases) and Adenine (33.7% of all bases). The model of sequence evolution that fit the best our sequence data set is GTR + gamma, according to MODELTEST (Posada and Crandall, 1998).</p> <p> The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree obtained is shown in Figure 5. Based on the selected outgroup (<i>Lasiancistrus</i>), <i>P. n i g e r</i> is distantly related to the four other members of the putatively derived Guyanese <i>Pseudancistrus</i>, which in turn form a monophyletic group of closely related species. This group will be referred to as the <i>Pseudancistrus barbatus</i> group. The type species, <i>P. barbatus</i>, which occurs in the Oyapock and Maroni rivers, clusters with <i>P. depressus</i>, for which we have samples from the Suriname and Coppename Rivers in Suriname. The closest relative to <i>P. corantijniensis</i>, n. sp., is <i>P. nigrescens</i>, collected in the Rupununi River and in the middle part of the Essequibo River in Guyana. All the inter-specific relationships are strongly supported as indicated by high bootstrap values.</p>Published as part of <i>Chambrier, Sophie De & Montoya-Burgos, Juan I., 2008, Pseudancistrus corantijniensis, a new species from the Guyana Shield (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a molecular and morphological description of the Pseudancistrus barbatus group, pp. 45-58 in Zootaxa 1918</i> on pages 47-53, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/184660">10.5281/zenodo.184660</a>
Goezeella mariae Philippe V. Alves & Alain de Chambrier & José L. Luque & Tomáš Scholz 2017, sp. nov.
No full textGoezeella mariae sp. nov. Figs 1, 2, 5-9, 22-30 Holotype: CHIOC 38860a-f, a whole-mounted specimen (1 slide) and 5 slides of serial cross-sections, collected on 25.05.2013, host field no. BR AMP 46a. – MHNG-PLAT-97017 (2 slides of cross-sections). Paratypes: IPCAS C-759, a whole-mounted specimen (1 slide; hologenophore), host field no. BR AMP 106b. – CHIOC 38861, IPCAS C-759, MHNG-PLAT-86883, a whole-mounted specimen (one slide), 6 slides of serial cross-sections and 2 slides of sagittal sections of scolex, host field No. BR AMP 109a. – MHNG-PLAT-97016, a whole-mounted specimen (one slide; SEM voucher), host field no. BR AMP 111b; all specimens collected on 25.05.2013. Type and only known locality: Lowermost Amazon River near Macapá, State of Amapá, Brazil (00°01’N, 50°59’W). Type and only known host: Pimelodella cristata (Müller & Troschel) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae). Site of infection: Anterior intestine. Prevalence: 7 fish examined/4 fish infected (57%). Representative DNA sequences: A fragment 1491bp long of the lsr DNA (D1–D3 domains) (GenBank MF370208). Etymology: The species is dedicated to the first author’s mother, Maria Thereza Vieira Pinto Alves, for providing continuous support for his studies. Description: (based on 4 whole-mounted worms; 13 slides with serial cross-sections of mature proglottids and 2 slides with sagittal sections of 1 scolex; 1 scolex studied using SEM). Proteocephalidae. Testes, ovary, vitelline follicles and uterus cortical; small-sized worm. Total body length 14-38 mm (n = 3), maximum width up to 1.3 mm (n = 3). Strobila acraspedote, anapolytic, with longitudinal and transverse grooves, consisting of about 40-90 proglottids: 27-32 immature, 4-8 mature, 10-15 pregravid and 23-39 gravid. Immature and mature proglottids much wider than long (length: width ratio 0.17-0.35), pregravid proglottids markedly wider than long (length: width ratio 0.40-0.76) and gravid proglottids slightly wider than long to much longer than wide (length: width ratio 0.80-2.60). Scolex 0.68-0.83 × 0.91-1.15 mm (n = 3), much wider than neck (proliferation zone), 0.83-1.20 × 0.75-0.81 mm, bearing 4 biloculate suckers, with loculi unequal in size; anterior loculus 158-161 (x = 160; n = 3) in diameter, posterior loculus 123-126 (x = 125; n = 3) in diameter; loculi separated by inconspicuous interlocular septum (Figs 1, 2, 22, 23). Metascolex present, more wrinkled than neck (Figs 1, 2, 22). Apex rounded, lacking apical organ, with few gland cells (Figs 1, 2, 22, 23). Apex of scolex, lumen of suckers, surface between suckers and base of metascolex covered with acicular filitriches, less dense on lumen of suckers (Figs 5-8); neck covered with capilliform filitriches (Fig. 9). Inner longitudinal musculature well-developed, formed by numerous, individual muscle fibres not forming compact bundles, more concentrated laterally (Figs 28- 30). Osmoregulatory canals situated at same level of lateral-most testes, median to vitelline follicles, markedly sinuous (Figs 24-26, 28-30); ventral osmoregulatory canal wider than dorsal one (Fig. 30). Testes numerous, spherical to oval, small, 34-46 in diameter, in 1 irregular layer, 103-167 (x = 134; n = 13) per mature proglottid (Figs 24, 25). Testes form 1 irregular field on dorsal side, less numerous alongside median line of proglottids (uterine stem), usually reaching laterally to osmoregulatory canals, dorsally overlapping cirrus-sac, vitelline follicles and sometimes ovary (Figs 24-26, 28- 30). Testes present also in gravid proglottids. Vas deferens coiled, with loops forming elongate field reaching to, but not crossing, median line of proglottid (Figs 24-26). Cirrus-sac elongated to pear-shaped, thinwalled (Figs 24-26, 28), 130-213 × 59-85 (n = 13), its length representing 11-24% (x = 17; n = 13) of proglottid width. Sperm duct (internal vas deferens) sinuous (Figs 24-26, 28). Cirrus muscular, reaching up to 64% (n = 13) of cirrus-sac length. Common genital atrium narrow, deep (Figs 24-26, 28). Genital pores alternating irregularly, markedly pre-equatorial, situated at 7-17% (x = 11; n = 13) of proglottid length from anterior margin (Figs 24-26). Ovary with wide isthmus in medulla and two follicular, grape-like lobes penetrating to dorsal cortex; numerous dorsal outgrowths present (Figs 24, 25, 30). Length of ovary represents 21-31% (x = 26%; n = 13) of proglottid length, its width representing 57-77% (x = 66%; n = 13) of proglottid width (Figs 24, 25). Mehlis’ gland about 60- 138 in diameter, representing 8-11% of proglottid width (n = 13). Relative ovarian size, i.e., percentage of ovary surface to total surface of mature or pregravid proglottids (see de Chambrier et al., 2012), 10-15% (x = 12%; n = 13). Vaginal canal slightly sinuous, surrounded by chromophilic cells, wider in terminal part (pars copulatrix vaginae); terminal vaginal sphincter present (Figs 24-26). Vagina anterior to cirrus-sac (n = 32). Vitelline follicles cortical, ventral, forming 2 long uninterrupted bands, occupying large triangular field, widened and confluent posteriorly at ovary level; lateral to lateral-most testes (Figs 24-26, 29). Length of bands represents 73-91% (x = 83%) and 72-91% (x = 83%) of length of proglottid on poral and aporal side, respectively (n = 13) (Figs 24, 25). Uterus cortical, with development of type 2 (see de Chambrier et al., 2004b, 2015b); uterine stem and diverticula (lateral uterine branches) in mature and pregravid proglottids lined with numerous chromophilic cells, extended much beyond branches (Fig. 24). Uterus with 14-25 lateral diverticula on each side (Figs 24, 25). Eggs oval, outer envelope 21-25 × 18-19, bilayered embryophore 19-20 × 13-15, oncosphere 9-10 × 11-12, embryonic hooks 5-6 long (Fig. 27). Remarks: Goezeella mariae sp. nov. differs from G. siluri and G. danbrooksi in having fewer testes (103- 167 vs. 183-310 and 282-366 in G. danbrooksi and G. siluri, respectively) and inconspicuous interlocular septum (not obvious in SEM images; see Figs 1, 2), rather than the septum conspicuous as in the two other species. The new taxon can be further distinguished from G. siluri by its smaller dimensions, such as the total body length (14-38 mm vs. 90-230 mm), scolex width (0.91-1.15 mm vs. 1.45-1.94 mm) and the length of the cirrus-sac (130-213 μm vs. 220-340 μm) as well as the appearance of the metascolex, which is more wrinkled in G. mariae sp. nov. compared to that of G. siluri; compare Figs 1, 2 with Figs 3, 4. Moreover, G. mariae sp. nov. possesses a terminal, rather than markedly subterminal, vaginal sphincter as it is in G. danbrooksi. The new species differs in its sequence of the partial lsr DNA gene (D1–D3 domains) from that of G. siluri from P. pirinampu in 14 nucleotides, i.e. genetic divergence 0.9%. A phylogenetic analysis (data not shown) revealed both taxa clustered in a clade comprising also both known species of Gibsoniela Rego, 1984, i.e. G. mandube (Woodland, 1935) and G. meursaulti de Chambrier & Vaucher, 1999, parasites of the auchenipterid catfish Ageneiosus inermis (Linnaeus, 1766) in the Neotropical Region, but interrelations within this lineage remain unresolved. Close relationship of species of Goezeella with those of the genus Gibsoniela is not evident based on their morphology, because they differ in the position of the internal organs in relation to the inner longitudinal musculature (previously used to distinguish individual subfamilies – see Rego, 1994), but also by the morphology of the scolex (no metascolex in the latter genus) and their suckers (biloculate in Goezeella vs. triloculate in Gibsoniela) (Rego, 1984; de Chambrier & Vaucher, 1999). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first parasite found in Pimelodella cristata. This heptapterid catfish was described from a tributary of the Branco River, Guyana (Bockmann & Guazzelli, 2003) and is distributed throughout the Amazon River basin, inhabiting the sand bottom of creeks and rivers (Reis & Lima, 2009). Proteocephalus bagri Holcman-Spector & Mañé-Garzón, 1988 and P. rhamdiae Holcman-Spector & Mañé-Garzón, 1988, both from Rhamdia sapo (Valenciennes) [syn. of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard)] in Uruguay, are the only other proteocephalids known from heptapterids in South America (Holcman-Spector & Mañé-Garzón, 1988). In addition, Proteocephalus brooksi García-Prieto, Rodríguez & Pérez-Ponce de León, 1996 was described from Rhamdia guatemalensis (Günther) in Mexico by García-Prieto et al. (1996).Published as part of Philippe V. Alves, Alain de Chambrier, José L. Luque & Tomáš Scholz, 2017, Reappraisal of Goezeella Fuhrmann, 1916 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), parasites of Neotropical catfishes (Siluriformes), with description of a new species from Pimelodella cristata (Heptapteridae), pp. 335-350 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (2) on pages 342-347, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.89354
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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