1,720,993 research outputs found
Index of the Cycle of Money - the Case of Moldova
Full text linkCHALLOUMIS, Constantinos. Index of the Cycle of Money - the Case of Moldova. Eastern European Journal of Regional Studies. June 2022, vol. 8, issue 1, pp. 77-89. ISSN 2537-6179, E-ISSN 1857-436X.This paper assesses the cycle of money in an actual case scenario like this of the economic system of Moldova. The calculations of the index of the cycle of money in Moldova are compared with the global average index of the cycle of money. The results reveal that Moldova is below the average global value, but it is above the critical level of 0.2, meaning that the economy can face an economic crisis. Therefore, Moldova’s results show that it is a well-structured economy and can face an economic crisis. These results are from a project for multiple countries and this is the only study until the present time about this country’s index of the cycle of money. The period that is used for compiles is the global recession period of 2012 - 2020. Prior results are from the cases of Latvia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Ukraine, and Thailand. The current work is the only one for the case of Moldova. JEL: D6, E1,H1; DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.8-1.0
Methods of Controlled Transactions and the Behavior of Companies According to the Public and Tax Policy
No full textThis paper aims to the analysis of the most common methods of controlled transactions, and the interpretation of the arm’s length principle under the view of the tax income comparison between countries with high and low tax rates. Moreover, the factors of comparability scrutinized with a mathematical approach which shows how the tax factors interact within the countries’ economies in the frame of a global view
Transfer Pricing Methods for Services and the Policy of Fixed Length Principle
No full textThe paper deals with the methods used by companies for controlled transactions in services. The author performs an analysis of the ways a company that takes part in controlled transactions of transfer pricing can tackle tax issues using an adequate tax method. Services should comply with the arm’s length principle. Therefore, the best method rule and the comparability analysis have a critical role in the arm’s length principle of services. The paper compares the results of transfer pricing services with the transfer pricing of goods to conclude the similarities. The object of the paper is to determine the importance of the application of fixed length principle, meaning the application of additional tax for controlled transactions and declined tax for uncontrolled transactions. Therefore, this scrutiny showed that the unstable tax environments force enterprises to proceed to controlled transactions
Panphysics Enopiisis
No full textThis paper examines Desmos (or Bond) and its implications compared to the literature review. It focuses on the parameter n, which characterizes how the effective force or interaction between celestial bodies changes with distance. By analyzing cosmic phenomena such as Mercury’s precession and Hubble's expansion, derived that variable n is approximately 1.10. This value indicates a deviation from the classical law, suggesting a more gradual weakening of forces with distance. Notably, the Bond model provides a different perspective on energy interactions, as it predicts higher effective energies for the Earth-Moon system compared to the Moon-Sun system, contrary to literature review predictions. In that way explains why the Moon is a satellite and not a planet, something that is not plausible to be explained in the current literature review. This finding aligns with observed cosmic expansion and offers a refined view of gravitational dynamics. Also, the elliptical forms on cosmos are the prove of rotation of gravity from desmos impact. Something that show the way to control and create gravity. Also, in that way is explained that there the dark matter is a space-time and energy effect from equations of Desmos (Bond). © 2024 by the author; licensee Learning Gate
Quantitative analysis of money cycle and economic stability in economocracy
Full text linkThe paper discusses economocracy and representative economocracy as innovative approaches proposed by author. These new economic systems, analogous to the political system of democracy, aim at managing global debt and promoting economic sustainability. Economocracy is presented as a reformed economic system, distinct from capitalism, that incorporates the mechanisms of a free-market economy to address disruptions such as wars (reconstruction of countries), recessions and economic crises. The results imply that economocracy has the potential to provide solutions to global economic issues by effectively circulating capital while promoting democratic governance and stable economies. The research involves a quantitative analysis of economic models, specifically focusing on the Economic Productive Reset (EPR) and Economic Periodic Injections (EPI) as tools to alleviate global indebtedness and maintain economic stability
The R.B.Q. (Rational, Behavioral and Quantified) Model
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This paper is about the classic methods used in the analysis of economics. More precisely, the R.B.Q. (Rational, Behavioral, and Quantified) model is about rational economics and behavioral economic analysis in conjunction with the quantification procedure (Q.E. method). Therefore, in this work are submitted the most common methodological approaches used in economics including a form of their combination. What follows is a critical examination that extendedly scrutinizes the terminology of axiomatic methods. One of the aims of this paper to represent the special characteristics of rational economics in comparison to the case of behavioral economics. Then provided is an analysis wherein the issues relevant to this are represented, and on the basis of which the main differences between the two concepts are showed. Hence, the aim here is to show the crucial attributes of these concepts. This study also uses a quantification method to show the behavior of these two economic theories within their relation to one another, demonstrating a complete view of them in a single economic model
Index of the cycle of money: The case of Greece
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of cycle of money in the case of Greece. Prior works have determined the economic characteristics of the case of Latvia, Serbia, and Bulgaria, according to the concept of the theory of cycle of money. The index of the cycle of money suggests how an economic system should counteract a monetary and fiscal crisis and studies how well-structured is Greece's economy. The estimations of the index of the cycle of money of Greece are compared with the global average index of the cycle of money. The results reveal that Greece is above the average global value. Then, Greece's results reveal that it is a well-structured economy and can face an economic crisis. The current work is important as represents the strength of Greece's economy with emphasis to the period of 2012 - 2017, of financial and economic crisis. The theory of the cycle of money covers the gap that exists for the structure and functionality of the economy, which formed on the derivative of GDP, giving the cycle of money. Moreover, it is the only theory that enhances the economy, without any negative effect of the fiscal or the monetary policy, as uses the same amount of money of an economy appropriately. Design/methodology/approach: The applied methodology stands on the analysis of the theory, mathematical, statistical, and econometrical results. Findings: The study found that the general index of the cycle of money for the case of Greece is 0.72, showing that the distribution of money is at the upper level, revealing the very good strength of the Greek economy, with a very well-based economic structure and high economic functionality, meaning high distribution and reuse of money. Research limitations/implications: This work is from a project for multiple countries. Concluding, the recent decision of 15% minimum tax to the international companies complies with the Fixed Length Principle of the theory of cycle of money that developed the last years. Originality/value: This study contributes to the theory of the cycle of money and shows that Greece belongs to the countries which have top rates to the distribution of money, explaining why Greece against to huge financial crisis of the prior decade, achieved to recovered
Impact Factor of Cost Using the Sensitivity Method
Full text linkThis paper is a special issue about the sensibility of taxation in the cost, that is based on the Sensitivity Method. Therefore, it has been done a study for the impact factor of the tax revenues of the countries that are tax havens subject to the trustworthiness of the tax system. From the view of how much is affected the companies that participate in controlled transactions, can obtain the impact of cost, when there is not that factor with the case that exists in the analysis of transfer pricing. It determines the behavior of the tax system subject to the cost
The Intersection of Philosophy and Economics: Building a More Equitable Future with Sociological Insights
Full text linkThe purpose of this research spans empirical analysis, analytical sociology- or mechanism-based modeling of individual, and network, level social phenomena. An adequate empirical question and analysis are proposed as the foundations for any valid subsequent social mechanism analysis of network effects
Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Latvia
No full textResearch purpose. This paper has established the index of the cycle of money. The index shows the level of the appropriately structured economy. According to the theory of the cycle of money, it is examined if an amount of money is recycled in the economy a lot of times or this amount of money is lost from an economy to other economies or banks abroad, because of inadequate structure of the economy of the country, then the purpose of the paper is to show an application of the case cycle of money, here in the case of Latvia. Therefore, this work aims to clarify how the theory of the cycle of money works to a real case scenario, and in general, how the cycle of money applies to an economy. Moreover, the index of the cycle of money shows how an economy could counteract to an economic crisis and how well-structured it is
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