61 research outputs found
DUII/DWS deskbook for Oregon courts
No full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on February 15, 2019)."A project of the Judicial Education Committee of the Oregon Judicial Conference 1994, Nori J. McCann Cross, project director."This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes index.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Understanding Urban Demand for Wild Meat in Vietnam: Implications for Conservation Actions
No full textVietnam is a significant consumer of wildlife, particularly wild meat, in urban restaurant settings. To meet this demand, poaching of wildlife is widespread, threatening regional and international biodiversity. Previous interventions to tackle illegal and potentially unsustainable consumption of wild meat in Vietnam have generally focused on limiting supply. While critical, they have been impeded by a lack of resources, the presence of increasingly organised criminal networks and corruption. Attention is, therefore, turning to the consumer, but a paucity of research investigating consumer demand for wild meat will impede the creation of effective consumer-centred interventions. Here we used a mixed-methods research approach comprising a hypothetical choice modelling survey and qualitative interviews to explore the drivers of wild meat consumption and consumer preferences among residents of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Our findings indicate that demand for wild meat is heterogeneous and highly context specific. Wild-sourced, rare, and expensive wild meat-types are eaten by those situated towards the top of the societal hierarchy to convey wealth and status and are commonly consumed in lucrative business contexts. Cheaper, legal and farmed substitutes for wild-sourced meats are also consumed, but typically in more casual consumption or social drinking settings. We explore the implications of our results for current conservation interventions in Vietnam that attempt to tackle illegal and potentially unsustainable trade in and consumption of wild meat and detail how our research informs future consumer-centric conservation actions
Characterization of emulsion stability using diffusing wave spectroscopy (dws)
No full textM.Phil.Emulsions, consisting of at least two immiscible liquid, are thermodynamically unstable systems. They tend to demix to achieve the lowest energy level. The stability of commercial emulsion products is important for retaining their texture, sensory and quality. This thesis aims at demonstrating that a technique called Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) can directly characterize emulsion stability in situ.In the first chapter, I introduce the applications of emulsions in industry and some traditional methods of characterizing emulsion stability, including visual observation, microscopy, electrical pulse counting, ultrasonic spectrometry, rheological and light scattering techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were discussed.The second part of this thesis focuses on the principles and applications of DWS. DWS could be deemed as an extension of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) but operates in multiple scattering regime. DWS requires no sample manipulations like dilution or shear forces, so it is non-invasive and non-destructive. DWS is widely used in microrheological studies of emulsions, but there have been an increasing number of researches applying DWS into the studies of their colloidal behaviors, such as Oswald ripening, creaming, flocculation and interactions between stabilizers and the other chemicals. DWS could also be used to investigate the microstructural changes, microrheology and particle size of foams, dairy systems, polymer solutions and hydrogels.The last chapter was to demonstrate that DWS is an automatic and sensitive technique for assessing the stability of a particle-stabilized (or often termed as Pickering) High Internal Phase Emulsion (PHIPE) system. The coalescence process of single emulsions stabilized with zein nanoparticles and containing various concentrations of lecithin was monitored by DWS. The resultant emulsions by visual observation or morphology by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) were partially consistent with the results derived by DWS. Then we presented two scenarios of PHIPE destabilization when CSLM cannot capture the colloidal changes but DWS could. In all cases, we found that higher concentration of lecithin would lead to higher stability of PHIPEs and DWS was proved to be more sensitive to determine the emulsion stability in a simple manner. Thus, it would be a great advantage to characterize the stability of turbid emulsions with DWS. We further explored the mechanism that lecithin enhances the stability of PHIPEs stabilized with zein nanoparticles. The hypothesis that lecithin modifies zein nanoparticles through hydrophobic interaction and anchors them in the oil phase was proposed.乳液由至少兩種不混溶的液體組成，是熱力學 不穩定的體系。它傾向於分相來 達到最低能量態。商用乳液產品的穩定性對保持它們的質地、質感和品質很重要。這篇論文旨在展示一種叫做擴散光譜儀 (DWS 的技術可以直接原位表徵乳液的穩定性。第一章介紹了乳液在工業中的應用和一些傳統的表徵乳液穩定性的方法，包括：肉眼觀察、顯微鏡術、電脈衝計數儀 、超聲波譜儀、流變技術和光散射技術。我討論了這些方法的優缺點。這本論文的第二部分介紹了擴散光譜儀的原理和應用。擴散光譜儀可以被看成是 動態光散射技術 (DLS 的擴展應用，但是它在多重光散射下工作的。擴散光譜儀不需要像稀釋或者剪切力這樣對樣品進行操作，所以它是非接觸式的且對樣品不具有破壞性 。擴散光譜儀被廣泛用於乳液的微流變研究，但已經有越來越多的研究是將它應用於研究乳液膠體粒子的行爲，例如：奧氏熟化、乳液分層 、絮凝以及乳液穩定劑和其他物質的相互作用。 擴散光譜儀也可以被用來研究泡沫、乳製品、高分子溶液和水凝膠的微管結構變化、微流變行爲和粒子大小。最後一章展示了擴散光譜儀是一種自動化的、靈敏的技術，可以用於評價一種粒子穩定的（或者通常叫做皮克林）高內相乳液（ PHIP E ）體系。 我們用擴散光譜儀監控由玉米蛋白 納米 粒子和多種濃度的卵磷脂穩定的單重乳液的聚並過程。 肉眼或者共聚焦顯微鏡觀察到的結果和由擴散光譜儀得到的結果是部分一致的。然後我們展示了兩種激光共聚焦顯微鏡術不能但擴散光譜儀能觀測膠體粒子變化的情況。在所有例子中，我們都發現更高濃度的卵磷脂可以更好地穩定皮克林高內相乳液，並且擴散光譜儀被證明是更靈敏的、能以一種簡單的方式表徵乳液穩定性的技術。 因此，用擴散光譜儀表徵混濁乳液的穩定性是很有優勢的。 我們進一步探究了卵磷脂增強玉米蛋白納米粒子穩定的皮克林高內相乳液的穩定性的機理，提出了卵磷脂通過疏水作用修飾玉米蛋白納米粒子並且將它們固定在油相的假說。Yang, Gang.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2020.Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …)
Evaluating the application of scale frequency to estimate the size of pangolin scale seizures
No full textAll eight species of pangolin are principally threatened by overexploitation, both for international trafficking and local use. Much illegal trade involves scales, but there is an absence of robust conversion parameters for estimating the number of different pangolin species in given seizures. Such parameters are critical in order to accurately characterize pangolin trafficking and understand the magnitude and impact of exploitation on populations. In this study, we calculated the number of scales on 66 museum specimens representing all eight extant pangolin species from the genera Manis, Phataginus, and Smutsia, and developed a method for estimating the number of pangolins in given seizures of scales based on scale frequency. Our statistical analyses found significant variation in scale number in inter-species terms (ranging from 382 for Temminck's ground pangolin to 940 for the Philippine pangolin), and in intra-species terms, with substantial variation in the giant pangolin (509–664 scales) and minimal variation in the Chinese pangolin (527–581 scales). We discuss application of the developed sampling method in a real world context and critically appraise it against existing methods. The knowledge generated in this study should assist in understanding pangolin trafficking dynamics, though there remains a need for accurate conversion parameters for estimating the number of pangolins in illegal trade, especially for the Indian and African species
Evaluation of the application of methods used to detect and monitor selected mammalian taxa to pangolin monitoring
No full textStandardised methods to monitor populations of many species are lacking but are important for detecting presence, changes in populations and species status, and for conservation management. Pangolins (Family: Manidae), are one such group of mammals that are native to Africa and Asia. Here, we conduct a systematic review of methods used to detect and monitor populations of species ecologically similar to pangolins to inform the development of pangolin monitoring methods. The primary question of this review is: how effective have methods been at detecting and monitoring populations of species ecologically similar to pangolins? We also investigated their applicability to each species of pangolin, considering the lessons learnt from the identified studies. Of the 379 articles identified by Web of Science, 159 were included, and supplemented with 87 studies from Google Scholar searches. In total, across all studies and 24 taxonomic groups, 28 different survey methods were used to detect and/or monitor the selected taxa. Based on this review, several methods have potential application to the different pangolin species. Camera-trapping may be useful for monitoring all species of pangolin, including the arboreal species. Burrow counts could be used to monitor fossorial pangolins, but there are several challenges to using this method including correct identification of burrows and identifying the ways in which pangolins use burrows/dens
Characterising trafficking and trade of pangolins in the Gulf of Guinea
No full textHumans and pangolins have a long and intertwined history in Africa and Asia, with the species having been used for subsistence, livelihood, medicinal, and cultural purposes. Populations of Asian pangolins have severely declined, and intercontinental trafficking of African pangolin scales to Asia has emerged in the last decade. Coastal countries in the Gulf of Guinea have been highlighted as hotspots of illegal pangolin trade, and in 2017, international commercial trade in pangolins was banned. We characterise the trade and international trafficking of African pangolins in the coastal countries around the Gulf of Guinea using data across three tiers. First, we investigated which countries were most heavily involved in international trafficking using seizure data. Second, we investigated where domestic seizures of pangolins took place, and whether they were seized with other species. Finally, we tracked the open sale of pangolins across 20-years at the main wild meat market in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, to investigate patterns of pangolin sales in a capital city. We found a total of 55893 kg of pangolin scales in 33 seizures between 2012 and 2018, with Cameroon and Nigeria being the most common export countries for international trafficking of pangolin scales. Cameroon had the largest number of domestic seizures (45); we also observed a shift from seizures of meat to scales from 2013 onwards. At the Malabo market a total of 11207 Phataginus pangolins and 366 Smutsia pangolins were sold between 1997 and 2017, and the number and price of pangolins increased over time for both genera and corresponded to a shift in the import of pangolins from Cameroon. Together, these results highlight the scale of trade and trafficking in pangolins within and from this region
Changes in Job Stability and Job Security: A Collective Effort to Untangle, Reconcile, and Interpret the Evidence
No full textI synthesize and summarize a set of recent papers on changes in the employment relationship. The authors of these papers present the most up-to-date and accurate assessment of their evidence on changes in job stability and job security, and attempt to reconcile their evidence with the findings of other research, including the other papers discussed herein. Some of papers also begin to explore explanations of changes in the employment relationship. The evidence suggests that the 1990's witnessed some changes in the employment relationship consistent with weakened bonds between workers and firms. But the magnitudes of these changes indicate that while these bonds may have weakened, they have not been broken. Furthermore, the changes that occurred in the 1990's have not persisted very long. It is therefore premature to infer long-term trends towards declines in long-term employment relationships, and even more so to infer anything like the disappearance of long-term, secure jobs. The papers examining sources of changes in job stability and job security in the 1990's point to some potential explanations, including relative wage movements, growth in alternative employment relationships, and downsizing. However, with the possible exception of the first of these, this list does not encompass fundamental' or exogenous changes impacting the employment relationship, but rather to some extent suggests how various changes in the employment relationship may reinforce each other. Understanding the structural changes underlying empirical observations on changes in job stability and job security is likely to be a fruitful frontier for future research on the employment relationship.
Tuning domain wall conductivity in bulk lithium niobate by uniaxial stress
No full textConductive domain walls (DWs) in insulating ferroelectrics have recently attracted considerable attention due to their unique topological, optical, and electronic properties, and offer potential applications such as in memory devices or rewritable circuitry. The electronic properties of DWs can be tuned by the application of strain, hence controlling the charge carrier density at DWs. In this paper, we study the influence of uniaxial stress on the conductivity of DWs in the bulk single crystal lithium niobate (LiNbO3). Using conductive atomic force microscopy, we observe a large asymmetry in the conductivity of DWs, where only negatively screened walls, so called head-to-head DWs, are becoming increasingly conductive, while positively screened, tail-to-tails DWs, show a decrease in conductivity. This asymmetry of DW conductivity agrees with our theoretical model based on the piezoelectric effect. In addition, we observed that the current in the DW increases up to an order of magnitude for smaller compressive stresses of 100 MPa. This response of DWs remained intact for multiple stress cycles over two months, opening a path for future applications. © 2022 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by the Max Planck Society
From Poachers to Protectors: Engaging Local Communities in Solutions to Illegal Wildlife Trade
No full textCombating the surge of illegal wildlife trade (IWT) devastating wildlife populations is an urgent global priority for conservation. There are increasing policy commitments to take action at the local community level as part of effective responses. However, there is scarce evidence that in practice such interventions are being pursued and there is scant understanding regarding how they can help. Here we set out a conceptual framework to guide efforts to effectively combat IWT through actions at community level. This framework is based on articulating the net costs and benefits involved in supporting conservation vs supporting IWT, and how these incentives are shaped by anti-IWT interventions. Using this framework highlights the limitations of an exclusive focus on "top-down", enforcement-led responses to IWT. These responses can distract from a range of other approaches that shift incentives for local people toward supporting conservation rather than IWT, as well as in some cases actually decrease the net incentives in favour of wildlife conservation
Analysis of the family environment of children with Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS)
No full textGuz Ewa. Analysis of the family environment of children with Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS). Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(10):197-209. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519490
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7597
The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019.
© The Authors 2019;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 25.09.2019. Revised: 30.09.2019. Accepted: 26.10.2019.
Analysis of the family environment of children with Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS)
Ewa Guz [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0507-2172
University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin
4 Projektowa Street 20-209 Lublin Department of Human Science
Summary.
Chronic disease is a source of repetitive experiences that may permanently affect the structure and personality traits of a young patient. The whole family environment is undergoing a series of changes, which requires the support of many specialists. Dandy-Walker syndrome is such a disease as it causes many problems and often coexists with a wide range of other congenital and genetic defects.
Aim.
The aim of the study was to analyze and evaluate the relationship between health problems, parents' attitudes towards the problem of a sick child and parenting styles in the families of children with Dandy-Walker syndrome.
Methods.
30 families from all over Poland were examined. Standardized questionnaires were applied for the research. To detect statistically significant relationships were used: chi-squared test (Chi2 test) with Yates correction, Shapiro-Wilk normality test, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, as well as Spearman's rank order correlation and Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson's r).
Results.
In the case of analyzing the parents' approach to the problem of child's illness, the best results were obtained by the respondents in the intellectual approach, that is, this way of dealing with the child's illness dominates in their actions.
Statistically significant relationships were found between the age of the fathers and the autocratic style (P = 0.01) and a wide range of statistically significant relationships between the Family Systems presented in the studied group and the emotional stages of parents.
Conclusions. The results of the research on the approach to a difficult situation are as follows: emotional stages have shown that most parents are emotionally unable to cope with the child's disease, therefore parents of children born with congenital defects should be under the care of a psychological counseling center.
Keywords: Dandy-Walker syndrome, parental attitudes, psycho-social needs, health problems, Hydrocephalus, disability
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