165 research outputs found
Clinical features of talaromycosis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and patients with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies
No full textThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and outcomes of talaromycosis in patients with confirmed anti-IFN- γ AAbs and PLWHA in northern Thailand, where Taralomyces marneffei is endemic.
A random proportion of 25% of the total data is shown in this dataset
Incidence of Fever in Patients Diagnosed With Cerebrovascular Diseases Admitted to Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, Chiang Mai University Hospital
No full textHospital-Wide Protocol Significantly Improved Appropriate Management of Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection
No full textBackground:Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SA-BSI) causes morbidity and mortality. We established a management protocol for patients with SA-BSI aimed at improving quality of care and patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective pre–post intervention study was conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital from 1 October 2019 to 30 September 2020 in the pre-intervention period and from 1 November 2020 to 31 October 2021 in the post-intervention period. Results: Of the 169 patients enrolled, 88 were in the pre-intervention and 81 were in the post-intervention periods. There were similar demographic characteristics between the two periods. In the post-intervention period, evaluations for metastatic infections were performed more frequently, e.g., echocardiography (70.5% vs. 91.4%, p = 0.001). The appropriateness of antibiotic prescription was higher in the post-intervention period (42% vs. 81.5%, p < 0.001). The factors associated with the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription were ID consultation (OR 15.5; 95% CI = 5.9–40.8, p < 0.001), being in the post-intervention period (OR 9.4; 95% CI: 3.5–25.1, p < 0.001), and thorough investigations for metastatic infection foci (OR 7.2; 95% CI 2.1–25.2, p = 0.002). However, the 90-day mortality was not different (34.1% and 27.2% in the pre- and post-intervention periods, respectively). The factors associated with mortality from the multivariate analysis were the presence of alteration of consciousness (OR 11.24; 95% CI: 3.96–31.92, p < 0.001), having a malignancy (OR 6.64; 95% CI: 1.83–24.00, p = 0.004), hypoalbuminemia (OR 5.23; 95% CI: 1.71–16.02, p = 0.004), and having a respiratory tract infection (OR 5.07; 95% CI: 1.53–16.84, p = 0.008). Source control was the only factor that reduced the risk of death (OR 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.53, p = 0.009). Conclusion: One-third of patients died. Hospital-wide protocol implementation significantly improved the quality of care. However, the mortality rate did not decrease
Incidence and risk factors of antiretroviral treatment failure in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand
No full textAbstract Background The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has become a standard of care for the treatment of HIV infection. However, cost and resistance to cART are major obstacles for access to treatment especially in resource-limited settings. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of treatment failure in a cohort of treatment-naïve Thai HIV-infected patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected patients initiating their first cART at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Results From January 2002 to December 2008, 788 patients were enrolled; 365 were male (46.3%), and the mean age was 37.9 ± 8.6 years. The median baseline CD4 count was 57.7 cells/mm3 (IQR 22, 127). GPO-VIR® (a fixed-dose combination of lamivudine, stavudine, and nevirapine) was the most common prescribed cART (657 patients, 83.4%). Seventy-six patients developed virological failure given the cumulative incidence of 9.6%. The incidence of virological failure was 2.79 (95% CI 2.47, 3.14) cases per 100 person years. Poor adherence was the strongest predictor for virological failure. Of 535 immunologically evaluable patients, 179 (33.5%) patients developed immunological failure. A low CD4 cell count at baseline (3) and the increment of CD4 cell count of 3 after 6 months of cART were the predictors for immunological failure (p Conclusions This study demonstrated that even in resource-limited settings, the high rate of success could be expected in the cohort with good and sustainable drug adherence. Poor adherence, older age, and low baseline CD4 cell count are the predictors for unfavorable outcome of cART.</p
A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Early and Late Carbapenems De-escalation in the Medicine Units, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital
No full text
CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS AT CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
No full textAbstract. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a common central nervous system infection in HIV-infected patients. This study aimed to determine treatment outcomes among HIV-infected patients who had cryptococcal meningitis and to determine predictors of death. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among HIV-infected patients receiving care at Chiang Mai University Hospital from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2010. We studied 79 patients; 45 (57.0%) were male and the mean age was 35.1±7.2 years. Eleven patients (13.9%) had previous opportunistic infection. The most common presenting symptoms were headache (63 patients, 79.8%), fever (49 patients, 62.0%), and altered consciousness (21 patients, 26.6%). The median CD4+ cell count was 20 cells/mm 3 [Interquartile range (IQR) 10, 53]. The in-hospital, 90-day, and 1-year mortality rates were 24.1%, 32.4%, and 52.2%, respectively. The CM attributable in-hospital, 90-day and 1-year mortality rates were 13.9%, 20.3%, and 23.2%, respectively. Predictors associated with a 1-year mortality were a high cerebrospinal (CSF) cryptococcal antigen titer (>1:10,000) [Odds Ratio (OR) =7.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-31.00, p=0.009], and altered consciousness at presentation (OR=5.27; 95% CI: 1. 16-24.05; p=0.032). Cryptococcal meningitis is an important cause of death in HIV-infected patients. HIV-infected patients with a low CD4+ cell count, a headache, fever and altered consciousness should be investigated for CM and those with a high CSF cryptococcal antigen titer are at high risk for mortality
Cryptococcal Meningitis: Differences between Patients with and without HIV-Infection
No full textBackground: Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most devastating infections, particularly in HIV-infected individuals. The increased use of immunosuppressants led to an increase in the incidence of cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected individuals. This study aimed to compare the characteristics between groups. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2011 to 2021 in northern Thailand. Individuals diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis aged ≥15 years were enrolled onto the study. Results: Out of 147 patients, 101 were individuals infected with HIV and 46 were non-infected. Factors associated with being infected with HIV included age < 45 years (OR 8.70, 95% CI 1.78–42.62), white blood cells < 5000 cells/cu.mm. (OR 7.18, 95% CI 1.45–35.61), and presence of fungemia (OR 5.86, 95% CI 1.17–42.62). Overall, the mortality rate was 24% (18% in HIV-infected vs. 37% in HIV-uninfected individuals, p-value = 0.020). Factors associated with mortality included concurrent pneumocystis pneumonia (HR 5.44, 95% CI 1.55–19.15), presence of alteration of consciousness (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.42–6.10), infection caused by members of C. gattii species complex (HR 4.19, 95% CI 1.39–12.62), and anemia (HR 3.17, 95% CI 1.17–8.59). Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of cryptococcal meningitis differed between patients with and without HIV-infection in some aspects. Increasing awareness in physicians of this disease in HIV-uninfected individuals may prompt earlier diagnosis and timely treatment
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