32 research outputs found
The effects of parameter choice on defining molecular operational taxonomic units and resulting ecological analyses of metabarcoding data
No full textCopyright remains with the author(s) or their institution(s). Permission for reuse (free in most cases) can be obtained from RightsLink.This work was supported by a NSERC CREATE grant to M.E.C. and an Institutional Links grant 172726351 to E.L.C. under the Newton-Ungku Omar Fund, through the British Council in the UK and the Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology in Malaysia. The Newton Fund is Overseas Development Assistance administered through the UK Department for Business Innovation and Skills (BIS). For further information, please visitwww.newtonfund.ac.uk
Individual and geographic variation in TSD
No full textThis fileset contains data and code for the manuscript "Individual variation complicates a population-scale picture of temperature-dependent sex determination in a model turtle." See readme.txt for data dictionary. Research was supported by National Science Foundation grants DEB-1242510 and IOS-1257857 to FJJ and a Grant in Herpetological Conservation and Research from the Minnesota Herpetological Society and British Ecological Society Small Research Grant to ALC. We would like to thank U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for collection permits, staff at our study areas, and numerous field assistants. We would also like to thank Turk Rhen and Robin Anderson for providing additional raw data, Karen Abbott for assistance with improving the Matlab code, Rory Telemeco and Marc Girondot for valuable discussions, and members of the Janzen and Bronikowski labs at Iowa State University for comments on a previous draft. This study was performed in accordance with the Iowa State University Care and Use of Animals Protocols. Author contributions: FJJ and DAW designed the study; FJJ, DAW, JMR, TSM, CLM, JBI, and BLB conducted field and laboratory components; ALC and BLB analyzed the data; ALC drafted the manuscript; all authors contributed to writing and editing the manuscript
Territorial Factors in a Globalised Art World? The visibility of countries in international contemporary art events
No full textIn comparison to other disciplines of high culture, the visual arts seem to be the most suitable to internationalise (cf. Crane, 1992; Janssen, Kuipers & Verboord, 2008). The global diffusion of visual art works, for example, is far less complex than that of the performing arts, which entails an impressive transportation operation of both goods – instruments, sets, costumes – and the actors involved, such as orchestra musicians, theatre company actors or dancers. The global distribution of literature, meanwhile, is easier to achieve than is the case for the visual arts, yet language obstacles manifestly hinder its internationalisation (Heilbron, 1999; Janssen, 2009; Sapiro, 2010). Indeed, the only way to overcome such hurdles is when the author provides a translation of the work, or when the reader learns the foreign language in which it is written (De Swaan, 2001). This is similar in the case of theatre plays or the cinema (Hofstede, 2000). On the other hand, the visual language is deemed to be universal and is unhindered by these issues. In short, while the internationalisation of other domains demands different kinds of investment, the visual arts seem to have the best conditions for artists to conquer the world
Territorial Factors in a Globalised Art World? The visibility of countries in international contemporary art events
No full textIn comparison to other disciplines of high culture, the visual arts seem to be the most suitable to internationalise (cf. Crane, 1992; Janssen, Kuipers & Verboord, 2008). The global diffusion of visual art works, for example, is far less complex than that of the performing arts, which entails an impressive transportation operation of both goods – instruments, sets, costumes – and the actors involved, such as orchestra musicians, theatre company actors or dancers. The global distribution of literature, meanwhile, is easier to achieve than is the case for the visual arts, yet language obstacles manifestly hinder its internationalisation (Heilbron, 1999; Janssen, 2009; Sapiro, 2010). Indeed, the only way to overcome such hurdles is when the author provides a translation of the work, or when the reader learns the foreign language in which it is written (De Swaan, 2001). This is similar in the case of theatre plays or the cinema (Hofstede, 2000). On the other hand, the visual language is deemed to be universal and is unhindered by these issues. In short, while the internationalisation of other domains demands different kinds of investment, the visual arts seem to have the best conditions for artists to conquer the world
Genomics of Divergence along a Continuum of Parapatric Population Differentiation
No full textMM received funding from the Max Planck innovation funds for this project. PGDF was supported by a Marie Curie European Reintegration Grant (proposal nr 270891). CE was supported by German Science Foundation grants (DFG, EI 841/4-1 and EI 841/6-1)
SYNTHESIS OF AND VESICLE FORMATION FROM PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE AMPHIPHILES WITH ONE SYMMETRICALLY BRANCHED ALKYL CHAIN
No full textThree phosphorylcholines with symmetrically branched alkyl chains [(CnH2n+1)2 CHOPO3- (CH2)2N(CH3)3+] (la-c) have been synthesized. The synthesis involves three steps: (1) reaction of the alcohol (CnH2n+1)2CHOH, (n = 6, 8, 10) with 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane in the presence of triethylamine; (2) oxidation of the resulting trialkyl phosphite with nitrogen dioxide and (3) ring opening of the cyclic phosphate triester by trimethylamine in acetonitrile. When suspended in water, these amphiphiles all form bilayer vesicles as revealed by electron microscopy and NMR spectroscopy. The vesicles have diameters of 300-1000 angstrom and are stable for more than a week.</p
SYNTHESIS OF AND VESICLE FORMATION FROM PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE AMPHIPHILES WITH ONE SYMMETRICALLY BRANCHED ALKYL CHAIN
No full textThree phosphorylcholines with symmetrically branched alkyl chains [(CnH2n+1)2 CHOPO3- (CH2)2N(CH3)3+] (la-c) have been synthesized. The synthesis involves three steps: (1) reaction of the alcohol (CnH2n+1)2CHOH, (n = 6, 8, 10) with 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane in the presence of triethylamine; (2) oxidation of the resulting trialkyl phosphite with nitrogen dioxide and (3) ring opening of the cyclic phosphate triester by trimethylamine in acetonitrile. When suspended in water, these amphiphiles all form bilayer vesicles as revealed by electron microscopy and NMR spectroscopy. The vesicles have diameters of 300-1000 angstrom and are stable for more than a week
Time-dependent stick-breaking processes
No full textThis paper considers the problem of defining a time-dependent nonparametric prior. A recursive
construction allows the definition of priors whose marginals have a general stick-breaking form.
The processes with Poisson-Dirichlet and Dirichlet process marginals have interesting interpretations
that are further investigated. We develop a general conditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo
(MCMC) method for inference in the wide subclass of these models where the parameters of the
stick-breaking process form increasing sequences. We derive a P´olya urn scheme type representation
of the Dirichlet process construction, which allows us to develop a marginal MCMC method
for this case. The results section shows the relative performance of the two MCMC schemes for the
Dirichlet process case and contains three real data examples
Extensive Copy-Number Variation of Young Genes across Stickleback Populations
No full textMM received funding from the Max Planck innovation funds for this project. PGDF was supported by a Marie Curie European Reintegration Grant (proposal nr 270891). CE was supported by German Science Foundation grants (DFG, EI 841/4-1 and EI 841/6-1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Evaluating the adaptive potential of the European eel: is the immunogenetic status recovering?
No full textThe recent increased integration of evolutionary theory into conservation programs has greatly improved our ability to protect endangered species. A common application of such theory links population dynamics and indices of genetic diversity, usually estimated from neutrally evolving markers. However, some studies have suggested that highly polymorphic adaptive genes, such as the immune genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), might be more sensitive to fluctuations in population dynamics. As such, the combination of neutrally- and adaptively-evolving genes may be informative in populations where reductions in abundance have been documented. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) underwent a drastic and well-reported decline in abundance in the late 20th century and still displays low recruitment. Here we compared genetic diversity indices estimated from neutral (mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites) and adaptive markers (MHC) between two distinct generations of European eels. Our results revealed a clear discrepancy between signatures obtained for each class of markers. Although mtDNA and microsatellites showed no changes in diversity between the older and the younger generations, MHC diversity revealed a contemporary drop followed by a recent increase. Our results suggest ongoing gain of MHC genetic diversity resulting from the interplay between drift and selection and ultimately increasing the adaptive potential of the species
