2 research outputs found
Phenotypic, Pathogenic, and Genetic Diversity of Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Moroccan Vineyards
No full textGray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana), is a major disease affecting Moroccan vineyards. However, limited information is available on the natural populations of this pathogen. In this study, 82 single-spore isolates collected from vineyards in two major wine-growing regions were evaluated for phenotypic, physiological, and molecular variability. The isolates exhibited differences in morphotypes, conidial size, and sclerotia production on PDA medium. Temperature significantly affected mycelial growth rate (mm d−1). All isolates were virulent on grapevine leaves, showing varying levels of aggressiveness. Among the representative isolates, 20 were heterothallic and 2 were homothallic. Mating-type analysis revealed that 12% belonged to MAT1-1 and 75% to MAT1-2. Transposable element genotyping showed that the population was composed of 41.7% transposa, 29.2% vacuma, 16.7% Flipper-only, and 12.5% Boty-only. This work represents the first report on genotypic variation in B. cinerea populations from Moroccan vineyards. The findings provide new insights into the morphenotypic and genetic diversity of the pathogen and may support the development of improved strategies for disease management
Antifungal efficacy of four plant-derived essential oils against Botrytis cinerea: chemical profiles and biological activities
No full textInternational audienceChemical compositions and the antifungal efficacy of essential oils derived from Origanum elongatum, Mentha pulegium, Thymus vulgaris, or Corymbia citriodora were assessed against the grapevine gray mold pathogen Botrytis cinerea, isolated from Moroccan vineyards. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses identified the major constituents of these oils as carvacrol (61.8%) from O. elongatum, pulegone (91.2%) from M. pulegium, thymol (47.8%) from T. vulgaris, and cineol (78.11%) from C. citriodora. All these essential oils had antifungal activity, inhibiting in vitro colony radial growth and conidium germination of B. cinerea. Among the essential oils, that from O. elongatum exhibited the greatest inhibition of mycelium growth, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and effective concentrations (EC 50 ), respectively, of 252.5 µL L -1 and 33.27 µL L -1 in direct contact, and 56.17 µL L -1 and 12.75 µL L -1 in fumigation. At 125 µL L -1 , origanum essential oil completely inhibited B. cinerea conidium germination. In vivo tests with detached leaves of two grapevine cultivars and grape berries showed that essential oils from M. pulegium and O. elongatum reduced the lesion diameters by, respectively, 78% and 72% on the leaves, and by 58% and 50% on grape berries. The results indicate the potential of using these essential oils as natural and effective alternatives to chemical fungicides for control of B. cinerea, offering a promising strategy for sustainable and environmentally friendly disease management practices
