79,028 research outputs found
Termination Effects in Aluminosilicate and Aluminogermanate Imogolite Nanotubes: A Density Functional Theory Study
No full textWe investigate termination effects in aluminosilicate (AlSi) and aluminogermanate (AlGe) imogolite nanotubes (NTs) by means of semi-local and range-corrected hybrid Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations. Following screening and identification of the smallest finite model capable of accommodating full relaxation of the NT terminations around an otherwise geometrically and electrostatically unperturbed core region, we quantify and discuss the effects of physical truncation on the structure, relative energy, electrostatics and electronic properties of differently terminated, finite-size models of the NTs. In addition to composition-dependent changes in the valence (VB) and conduction band (CB) edges and resultant band gap (BG), the DFT simulations uncover longitudinal band bending and separation in the finite AlSi and AlGe models. Depending on the given termination of the NTs, such longitudinal effects manifest in conjunction with the radial band separation typical of fully periodic AlSi and AlGe NTs. The strong composition dependence of the longitudinal and radial band bending in AlSi and AlGe NTs suggests different mechanisms for the generation, relaxation and separation of photo-generated holes in AlSi and AlGe NTs, inviting further research in the untapped potential of imogolite compositional and structural flexibility for photo-catalytic applications
Validation of the consumer health activation index (CHAI) among community-dwelling adults in primary care clinics in Singapore
No full textAbstract Background Health activation is an individual’s knowledge, skills, and confidence in managing personal health and healthcare. The Consumer Health Activation Index (CHAI) is a freely available, 10-item measure originally developed in the United States. This study aimed to validate CHAI among community-dwelling adults in Singapore, examining its content validity, construct validity and test-retest reliability. Methods The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, cognitive interviews with nine population health experts and eleven lay participants assessed face and content validity. In Phase 2, a cross-sectional survey of 572 adults, recruited via quota sampling aligned with national census distributions, was conducted. Participants completed the CHAI, EQ-5D-5L, EQ-VAS, and the Internal subscale of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal axis factoring and varimax rotation, along with Cronbach’s alpha, assessed structural validity and internal consistency respectively. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample of 32 participants, of whom 21 reported stable health status at follow-up. Results Content validity was acceptable, with a Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) of 0.86, although minor wording issues were noted for CHAI items 5, 6, and 10. EFA supported a unidimensional structure, and the CHAI demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.85). CHAI scores showed moderate positive correlations with the MHLC internal subscale (Pearson’s r = 0.449) and weak to moderate positive correlations with EQ-5D-5 L and EQ-VAS, (r = 0.171–0.344). Known-group validity was supported by significantly higher CHAI scores among individuals with chronic diseases (p = 0.017). Test-retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.802, 95% CI = 0.544–0.911). Conclusion In summary, the CHAI is a reliable and valid measure of health activation for community-dwelling adults in Singapore. While overall psychometric performance was robust, minor refinements in phrasing may improve language clarity and cultural applicability. Longitudinal research is recommended to further establish CHAI’s utility in both clinical and community local settings
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Final word on Jersey Dutch
No full textIn this article, William Z. Shetter compares and contrasts the dialects that developed between different Dutch colonies in the New World. He explores in-depth the nuances of Jersey Dutch, and provides theories to explain how Dutch and colonial languages blended. The article is reprinted from American Speech, December 1958, Volum XXXIII, No. 4
Supplementary Material - Use_of_Proprietary_Names_by_Prescribers_for_Generic_Products_Supplementary_Table - Use of Proprietary Names by Prescribers for Generic Products
No full textSupplementary Material - Use_of_Proprietary_Names_by_Prescribers_for_Generic_Products_Supplementary_Table - Use of Proprietary Names by Prescribers for Generic Products by Vicky Borders-Hemphill, Irene Z. Chan, Katelyn Brown, Briana Rider, Kellie Taylor, and Grace Chai in Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science</p
sj-docx-1-try-10.1177_11786469231211184 – Supplemental material for Normative Data on Serum and Plasma Tryptophan and Kynurenine Concentrations from 8089 Individuals Across 120 Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-try-10.1177_11786469231211184 for Normative Data on Serum and Plasma Tryptophan and Kynurenine Concentrations from 8089 Individuals Across 120 Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Najwa-Joelle Metri, Ali S Butt, Ava Murali, Genevieve Z Steiner-Lim and Chai K Lim in International Journal of Tryptophan Research</p
sj-docx-2-try-10.1177_11786469231211184 – Supplemental material for Normative Data on Serum and Plasma Tryptophan and Kynurenine Concentrations from 8089 Individuals Across 120 Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-try-10.1177_11786469231211184 for Normative Data on Serum and Plasma Tryptophan and Kynurenine Concentrations from 8089 Individuals Across 120 Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Najwa-Joelle Metri, Ali S Butt, Ava Murali, Genevieve Z Steiner-Lim and Chai K Lim in International Journal of Tryptophan Research</p
Cancer survival prognosis with Deep Bayesian Perturbation Cox Network
No full textBackground: The Cox proportional hazards model with neural networks is widely used to accurately predict survival outcome for choosing cancer treatment strategies. Although this method has shown outstanding performance in many tasks, it has encountered challenges when dealing with high-dimensional datasets. In this study, we point out that the Cox network has estimation bias in processing such datasets with a large number of censored samples. The estimation bias is composed of censored estimation bias and variance estimation bias, which limit the prediction performance of the model. In order to correct this bias, this paper proposes the Deep Bayesian Perturbation Cox Network (DBP), which introduces Bayesian prior knowledge about censored samples to optimize the training process of the neural network. Specifically, the model uses a sampling module called Bayesian Perturbation to approximate the prior knowledge, which can be used as a component for other Cox-based neural networks. Results: The comparison between DBP and the previous model in different kinds of genomic datasets demonstrates that our model has made significant improvements over previous state-of-the-art methods. In addition, the simulation experiments are performed to illustrate how the DBP method addresses the bias caused by Cox Network. In the case study, based on the predicted risks in BRCA data from TCGA, we identify 400 differential expressed genes and 20 KEGG pathways that are associated with breast cancer prognosis, among which 65% of the top 20 genes have been proved by literature review. Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrate that our proposed method is advanced and robust in datasets with a large proportion of censored samples. Besides, it can guide to discover disease-related genes.No Full Tex
Mixed fermentation of blueberry pomace with L. rhamnosus GG and L. plantarum-1: Enhance the active ingredient, antioxidant activity and health-promoting benefits
No full textStudies on the development of non-dairy probiotic foods and beverages are emerging. The optimal Lactobacillus and carbon resources were screened to improve the viability of probiotics in blueberry pomace. During fermentation, the total titratable acid and the viable counts were measured and peaked at 24 h, 15.75 mM and 11.59 Log CFU mL−1 respectively. Lactic acid content increased from 2.361 mg mL−1 to 6.334 mg mL−1, while citric acid content was decreased significantly. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was improved, which may be attributed to the increase of total phenols and flavonoids up to 4629.21 μg GAE mL−1 and 404.99 μg RE mL−1. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro showed that the total polyphenols were decreased slightly, while anthocyanins were increased. We also studied the cholesterol-lowing capability of fermented BPL and found that the cholesterol-clearance rate could reach 67.17%. Moreover, through mice weight-loaded swimming experiments, we observed that the physical strength of mice fed a fermented juice for one month was significantly better than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study provides a high value application of blueberry pomace and the fermented blueberry pomace with probiotics as a new type of probiotic food can furnish potentially value to human health
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