48 research outputs found
Advancing safety in autonomous shipping through modern hazard analysis methods - A System-Theoretic Approach
No full textThe maritime industry is currently undergoing a substantial transformation towards autonomous shipping, where human involvement in operational activities is diminishing, emphasizing safety and efficiency improvements. This transition, however, introduces new safety challenges that necessitate rigorous risk assessment and innovative safety frameworks.
This thesis commences with an exploration of the historical development of risk, safety, and reliability considerations in autonomous shipping through a bibliometric review. Additionally, the future research directions and the potential risk assessment methods adequate for the complex autonomous ships are analysed.
System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a key focus of this study. The thesis provides and investigate a model of the STPA organizational control structure within the maritime operational paradigm, seeking to reveal safety challenges of the transition to autonomy. An essential aspect of the work presented in this thesis involves integrating STPA with established marine risk assessment procedures, utilizing Bayesian Networks to quantify risks. The proposed framework scrutinizes the selection of Risk Control Options (RCOs) within Marine Risk Assessment (MRA) process and examines the potential incorporation of STPA-BN within the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) process.
Drawing upon conventional maritime practices, the thesis offers an approach to develop safety control structure of autonomous ship systems and provides an analysis of the control structure components of Autonomous Navigation Systems (ANS). Hence identifies unique safety challenges posed by these innovations.
In summary, this doctoral thesis serves as a technical compass guiding the maritime industry towards enhanced safety in the age of autonomous shipping. By leveraging modern hazard analysis methods, particularly STPA, and integrating them into established risk assessment practices, this research seeks to catalyse a shift towards advanced system-theoretic risk assessment processes in the maritime industry, acknowledging the evolving regulatory landscape and the complexity of the challenges at hand
Ship operational performance modelling for voyage optimization through fuel consumption minimization
No full textMaritime image-based weather classification to evaluate the object detection performance
No full textA preliminary analysis of the impact of autonomous maritime surface ships in marine technology education
No full textThis thesis is written to analyse the development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship its impact on technology and trends in shipping. The concept of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship is introduced and projects that explore the concept and one which has been developed is reviewed. A review of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships in Maritime Education and Training for seafarers is conducted to see the results of these studies.
The author analyses the courses taught at Aalto University to see how much of the Autonomous Ship concept is incorporated in the education of Naval Architecture students. A study of various courses offered at other universities is conducted and the technologies that are implemented in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships are analysed. An evaluation of various education techniques is conducted to possibly formulate a plan to incorporate these techniques in the education of students of Marine and Arctic Technology at Aalto University.
Following the research, the viability of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships to be incorporated is discussed and implementation of techniques in education are shown. A plan is formulated to see which technologies can be incorporated in which courses and a timeline is formulated to incorporate Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships in Marine and Artic Technology at Aalto University.
The author concludes that it is viable to incorporate Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships in education of Naval Architecture students by following the plan given
Riskianalyysi autonomisen laivan navigointijärjestelmälle
No full textThe maritime industry is undergoing a thorough reformation in multiple domains, one of which is ship navigation and operation. Significant efforts have recently been targeted towards the research and development of Marine Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS). Majority of the maritime accidents are caused by erroneous human action, and introducing autonomous capabilities to ships is aiming to decrease the number of human-caused accidents and thus increase the safety of maritime operations. However, the safety of the MASS has to be demonstrated and found to be acceptable prior to the widespread adoption of the technology. The systems enabling autonomous navigation are complex, cyber-physical systems, and the nature of the risks related to these systems might differ significantly from the traditional maritime risks. Identifying and mitigating these risks prior to applying the systems to real-world operations is essential.
This thesis aims to assess the risk levels of a currently developed Autonomous Navigation System (ANS), and based on the results, provide guidelines for the system development going forward. System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and Bayesian Network (BN) were chosen as the methods for identifying and quantifying the risks, respectively.
The results provide a holistic view of the underlying risks in the ANS system. Specific causes were identified for each risk, and safety controls were generated for each specific cause. The quantified risk levels of each loss event were computed, and the loss of reputation was found to be the most probable loss. In addition to the risk levels, the relative influence of each causal factor was identified, and guidance for the system development was provided based on this information.
To the author’s best knowledge, a risk analysis for this type of technology at this phase of development was yet to be done in academia. Thus, this thesis greatly contributes to the risk analysis of autonomous ships and provides guidance to decision-makers and system developers alike.Merenkulkualalla on tapahtumassa merkittäviä mullistuksia, joista yksi liittyy laivojen navigointiin. Autonomisia laivoja on tutkittu ja kehitetty mittavin resurssein viimeisten kymmenen vuoden aikana, niin yksityisten kuin julkistenkin organisaatioiden toimesta. Tällä hetkellä suurin osa meriliikenteessä tapahtuvista onnettomuuksista aiheutuu ihmisten tekemistä virheistä, ja autonomisten laivojen tavoite on vähentää näitä onnettomuuksia ja täten parantaa merenkulun turvallisuutta kaikkien osapuolien näkökulmasta. On kuitenkin selvää, että ennen autonomisten laivojen laajempaa käyttöönottoa, on niiden turvallisuutta tutkittava. Laivojen autonomiseen navigointiin liittyvät järjestelmät ovat erittäin monimutkaisia ohjelmistotekniikka, fyysisiä laitteita sekä ihmisiä yhdistäviä järjestelmiä. Näihin järjestelmiin liittyvät riskit voivat poiketa merkittävästi perinteisistä merenkulun riskeistä, ja näiden riskien tunnistaminen ja ennaltaehkäiseminen on ensiarvoisen tärkeää.
Tämän diplomityön tavoite on arvioida kehitteillä olevan autonomisen navigointijärjestelmän riskejä, ja tulosten perusteella pyrkiä ohjaamaan tuotekehitystä turvallisemman ratkaisun suuntaan. Riskianalyysimetodeiksi valittiin järjestelmäteoreettinen prosessianalyysi (STPA) sekä bayesilainen verkko (BN).
Tutkimuksen tulokset antavat kattavan käsityksen järjestelmään liittyvistä riskeistä sekä niiden todennäköisyyksistä. Löydetyille riskeille tunnistettiin tarkat syytekijät, ja näistä jokaiselle kehitettiin turvallisuusvaatimukset. Bayesilaista verkkoa hyödynnettiin myös selvittämään syytekijöiden suhteellista vaikuttavuutta. Tämän tiedon avulla pystyttiin ohjaamaan tuotekehitystä turvallisempaan ratkaisuun mahdollisimman tehokkaasti.
Kirjoittajan tiedon mukaan riskianalyysiä vastaavassa kehitysvaiheessa olevalle autonomiselle navigointijärjestelmälle ei ole toistaiseksi tehty. Täten tämä diplomityö tuottaa arvokasta informaatiota niin merenkulkualan päätöksentekijöille kuin vastaavia järjestelmiä kehittäville tahoille
Maritime accident risk prediction integrating weather data using machine learning
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)The study explores the capability of various machine learning (ML) models in maritime accident risk prediction. Data from 1981 to 2021 from the Norwegian Maritime Authorities (NMA) was analysed together with the data of 51 different weather-related variables, which were collected from Visual Crossing for each accident recorded in the NMA dataset. The findings reveal an increased predictive ability of ML models when relevant weather data is introduced. The results show that the Light Gradient Boosted Trees with Early Stopping perform the best, with a five-fold cross validation accuracy of 70.23% when weather data was included, compared to 64.86% without. Furthermore, the study revealed that the leading weather variables for accident prediction are wind, sea level pressure, visibility, and moon phase. The most effective multi-classification ML algorithm can be deployed for improving maritime safety resilience through vulnerability assessment and preparedness.Peer reviewe
A risk assessment of an autonomous navigation system for a maritime autonomous surface ship
No full textThe maritime industry is undergoing a of Marine Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS). It is expected that, with the introduction of maritime autonomous technologies the safety performance of maritime operations increases. Nevertheless, the safety of the MASS must be properly planned and then demonstrated. This applies to the functionality of any Autonomous Navigation System (ANS). The nature of the risks related to an ANS might differ significantly from the traditional maritime risks. Therefore, mitigating these risks before applying an ANS to real-world operations is critical. This study analyses and assesses the risks of a currently developed ANS by integrating the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and Bayesian Networks (BN) into a two-stage process. The study results provide a holistic view of the underlying risks in the ANS and the functionality of formulated Risk Control Options. The risk levels of loss events are computed within a model to represent the effects that each loss may have on the safety of the ship’s navigation and the company’s overall reputation. The assessed Risk Control Options provide information to system developers to elaborate an ANS that is safe by design.Peer reviewe
EFEKTIFITAS BUAH MAJA (AEGLE MARMELOS (L.) CORR) UNTUK KONSERVASI ARKEOLOGI PADA PELURU MERIAM KUNO KOLEKSI BADAN PELESTARIAN CAGAR BUDAYA SULAWESI SELATAN
No full textWike Marlinda Triwahyuni, F61114010. Efektifitas Buah Maja (Aegle Marmelos (L.) Corr) untuk Konservasi Arkeologi pada Peluru Meriam Kuno Koleksi Badan Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Sulawesi Selatan, dibimbing oleh, Akin Duli dan Khadijah Thahir MudaPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan bahan tradisional terhadap peluru meriam kuno koleksi Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Makassar. Konservasi terhadap peluru meriam kuno yang berbahan logam besi tersebut dilakukan karena terdapat kerusakan berupa pelapukan khemis yaitu adanya korositas pada permukaan. Bahan tradisional dalam penelitian ini menggunakan buah maja (Aegle Marmelos (L). Corr). Konservasi arkeologi menggunakan bahan tradisional dilakukan agar mengurangi pemakaian bahan kimia sintetik. Hal tersebut dilakukan karena bahan tradisional lebih berbasis kearifan lokal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan dua perlakuan. Perlakuan 1 menggunakan larutan air maja dan perlakuan II menggunakan daging maja. Berdasarkan kedua perlakuan tersebut, penulis ingin mengetahui seberapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menghilangkan korosi pada permukaan peluru meriam kuno.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan buah maja efektif digunakan untuk menghilangkan korosi pada logam besi khususnya peluru meriam kuno. Berdasarkan kedua perlakuan, penggunaan larutan daging maja lebih efektif dibandingkan penggunaan larutan air maja. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan perbedaan waktu. Larutan daging maja hanya membutuhkan waktu 3 x 24 jam sedangkan larutan air maja membutuhkan 8 x 24 jam untuk mengangkat korosi pada permukaan. Kata kunci: konservasi arkeologi, buah maja, logam besi, peluru meriam kuno.ABSTRACTWike Marlinda Triwahyuni, F61114010. Effectiveness of Maja Fruit (Aegle Marmelos (L.) Corr) For Archaeological Conservation Of Ancient Cannon Bullets In The Collection Of The Preservation Agency Of South Sulawesi Cultural Heritage. Supervised by, Akin Duli and Khadijah Thahir MudaThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of traditional materials against ancient cannon bullets from Preservation Agency Of South Sulawesi Cultural Heritage. Conservation of ancient cannon bullets made of ferrous metal is carried out because there is damage in the form of chemical weathering that is the presence of corrosivity on the surface. The traditional material in this study using maja fruit (Aegle Marmelos (L). Corr).Archaeological conservation using traditional materials is done to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals. This is done because traditional materials are based more on local wisdom. The method used in this study is using two treatments. Treatment 1 uses maja water solution and treatment II uses maja meat. Based on the two treatments, the author wants to find out how long it takes to eliminate corrosion on the surface of ancient cannon bullets. The results of this study indicate that the use of Maja fruit is effectively used to remove corrosion in ferrous metals, especially ancient cannon bullets. Based on both treatments, the use of maja meat solution is more effective than using maja water solution. This is evidenced by the time difference. Maja meat solution only takes 3 x 24 hours while the solution of maja water requires 8 x 24 hours to remove corrosion on the surface.Keywords: archaeological conservation, maja fruit, ferrous metal, ancient cannon bullets.xviii + 75 hlm.; ilust
Comparison of system modelling techniques for autonomous ship systems
No full text| openaire: EC/H2020/730888/EU//RESETAs autonomous ships are currently developed, modern technologies are implemented into ship systems for enabling autonomous operations. Tight coupling in safety-critical systems created new challenges for the engineers and operators. Designing, operating and analyzing these complex systems requires a deep understanding about the system composition, requirements and expected behavior or functionality. The increasing complexity of the systems requires the implementation of modern model-based approaches. Instead of large texts, these new modelling techniques aim to present detailed system information with simplified models. This paper compares system modelling techniques known as System Modelling Language (SysML) and Object Process Methodology (OPM). These methods are used to model a Dynamic Positioning system (DP-system). Results show that the SysML is more suitable than OPM for modelling the autonomous ship systems due to its ability to present detailed system information in a simple and coherent way.Peer reviewe
Selecting cost-effective risk control option for advanced maritime operations; Integration of STPA-BN-Influence diagram
No full textAdvanced maritime operations, such as remote pilotage, are vulnerable to new emergent risks due to increased system complexity and a multitude of interactions. Thus, maritime researchers this decade have combined Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and Bayesian Network (BN) to effectively manage these risks. Although these methods are effective in identifying hazards and analyzing risk levels, none of the STPA-BN studies provides a systematic process for selecting a cost-effective combination of risk control measures. Cost-benefit analysis is crucial for organizations to make informed risk-based decisions in allocating available resources for risk mitigation and achieve a balance between risk reduction (benefits) and costs associated with risk control measures. This study offers an innovative method of integrating the STPA-BN-Influence diagram for risk-based decision-making through a cost-benefit analysis. The model automatically evaluates the costs and benefits of all possible risk control options and proposes the optimum cost-effective solution. In the current study, the methodology is illustrated with a case study of remote pilotage operation, where 524,288 different risk control options (combinations of 19 risk control measures) are assessed to select an optimal risk control option. The case study results indicate that the proposed methodology is more significant when the number of risk control measures increases.Peer reviewe
