6 research outputs found
Investigating and Practicing Orthopedics at the Intersection of Sex and Gender: Understanding the Physiological Basis, Pathology, and Treatment Response of Orthopedic Conditions by Adopting a Gender Lens: A Narrative Overview
No full textIn the biomedical field, the differentiation between sex and gender is crucial for enhancing
the understanding of human health and personalizing medical treatments, particularly within the
domain of orthopedics. This distinction, often overlooked or misunderstood, is vital for dissecting and
treating musculoskeletal conditions effectively. This review delves into the sex- and gender-specific
physiology of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, highlighting how hormonal differences
impact the musculoskeletal system’s structure and function, and exploring the physiopathology of
orthopedic conditions from an epidemiological, molecular, and clinical perspective, shedding light
on the discrepancies in disease manifestation across sexes. Examples such as the higher rates of
deformities (adolescent idiopathic and adult degenerative scoliosis and hallux valgus) in females and
osteoporosis in postmenopausal women illustrate the critical role of sex and gender in orthopedic
health. Additionally, the review addresses the morbidity–mortality paradox, where women, despite
appearing less healthy on frailty indexes, show lower mortality rates, highlighting the complex
interplay between biological and social determinants of health. Injuries and chronic orthopedic
conditions such osteoarthritis exhibit gender- and sex-specific prevalence and progression patterns,
necessitating a nuanced approach to treatment that considers these differences to optimize outcomes.
Moreover, the review underscores the importance of recognizing the unique needs of sexual minority
and gender-diverse individuals in orthopedic care, emphasizing the impact of gender-affirming
hormone therapy on aspects like bone health and perioperative risks. To foster advancements in sexand
gender-specific orthopedics, we advocate for the strategic disaggregation of data by sex and
gender and the inclusion of “Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity” (SOGI) data in research and
clinical practice. Such measures can enrich clinical insights, ensure tailored patient care, and promote
inclusivity within orthopedic treatments, ultimately enhancing the precision and effectiveness of care
for diverse patient populations. Integrating sex and gender considerations into orthopedic research and practice is paramount for addressing the complex and varied needs of patients. By embracing
this comprehensive approach, orthopedic medicine can move towards more personalized, effective,
and inclusive treatment strategies, thereby improving patient outcomes and advancing the field
Socceromics: The Integration of Omics Technologies in Soccer to Enhance Performance and Health. A Comprehensive, Critical Review of the Literature
No full textThe integration of omics technologies, including genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiomics, has transformed sports science, particularly in soccer, where these advancements have the potential to enhance player performance, injury prevention, and recovery. This review examines the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across key genes influencing various physiological traits crucial for elite soccer players. Genes related to the cardiovascular system (ACE, AGT, NOS3, VEGF), muscle structure and function (ACTN3, CKM, MLCK), neurotransmission (ADRA2A, ADRB2, BDNF, DRD1, DBH), connective tissue integrity (COL1A1, COL2A1, COL5A1, ELN, EMILIN1, TNC), energy metabolism (AMPD1, MCT1, UCP1/2/3), oxidative stress response (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT), hormonal regulation (CYP2D6, HSD17B14), and growth factors (GDF-8, IGF2, HGF) are all highlighted for their roles in influencing soccer-specific traits like endurance, speed, and injury risk. Furthermore, the incorporation of omics data allows for personalized strategies in training, nutrition, and recovery, tailoring interventions to each player's genetic and biochemical profile. For example, genomic markers such as ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X are linked to key athletic traits like endurance and muscle injury susceptibility, while proteomics sheds light on muscle repair mechanisms, and metabolomics provides real-time insights into energy metabolism and fatigue markers. Microbiomics explores the role of gut health in recovery and overall performance, revealing correlations between microbial diversity and enhanced athletic outcomes. This comprehensive approach, referred to as Socceromics, offers a more holistic understanding of an athlete’s health and performance capabilities. Integrating these findings into real-world applications is essential for optimizing training regimens and reducing injury risk, ultimately pushing the boundaries of what athletes can achieve on the field. Future research should focus on expanding the scope of omics integration and improving the generalizability of findings across diverse populations and genders, thus advancing the field of precision sports medicine
Socceromics: A Systematic Review of Omics Technologies to Optimize Performance and Health in Soccer
No full textImprovement of Motor Task Performance: Effects of Verbal Encouragement and Music—Key Results from a Randomized Crossover Study with Electromyographic Data
No full textExternal motivational stimuli have been shown to improve athletic performance. However,
the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this improvement remain poorly understood. This
randomized crossover study investigated the effects of music and verbal encouragement on measures
of muscle excitation and myoelectric manifestations of fatigue in the biceps brachii and brachioradialis
muscles during an endurance task. Fifteen untrained (mean age 29.57 ± 2.77 years) and
13 trained individuals (mean age 32.92 ± 2.90 years) were included. The endurance task, performed
to exhaustion, consisted of keeping the dominant arm flexed to 90 degrees while holding a dumbbell
loaded to 80% of 1RM with a supine grip in three randomized conditions: standard, with self-selected
music, and with verbal encouragement. The untrained subjects showed an increase in task duration
of 15.26% (p < 0.003) with music and 15.85% (p < 0.002) with verbal encouragement compared to
the condition without external stimuli. There were no significant differences in the myoelectric
manifestations of fatigue between the different conditions. Regarding the muscle excitation metrics,
although the mean amplitude, peak value, and area under the curve remained unchanged across
conditions, a significant reduction in the trend coefficient, indicating motor unit recruitment over
time, was observed with both music (biceps brachii: −10.39%, p < 0.001; brachioradialis: −9.40%,
p < 0.001) and verbal encouragement (biceps brachii: −7.61%, p < 0.001; brachioradialis: −6.51%,
p < 0.001) compared to the standard condition. For the trained participants, no significant differences
were observed between conditions in terms of task duration and outcome measures related to muscle
excitation and myoelectric manifestations of fatigue, suggesting the possible presence of a ceiling
effect on motivation. These results highlight the important role of external motivational stimuli, such
as music and verbal encouragement, in improving task performance in untrained subjects, probably
through more effective and efficient recruitment of motor units
Optimizing athletic performance through advanced nutrition strategies: can AI and digital platforms have a role in ultraendurance sports?
No full textNutrition is vital for athletic performance, especially in ultra-endurance sports, which pose unique nutritional challenges. Despite its importance, there exist gaps in the nutrition knowledge among athletes, and emerging digital tools could potentially bridge this gap. The ULTRA-Q, a sports nutrition questionnaire adapted for ultra-endurance athletes, was used to assess the nutritional knowledge of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Google Bard, and Microsoft Copilot. Their performance was compared with experienced ultra-endurance athletes, registered sports nutritionists and dietitians, and the general population. ChatGPT-4 demonstrated the highest accuracy (93%), followed by Microsoft Copilot (92%), Bard (84%), and ChatGPT-3.5 (83%). The averaged AI model achieved an overall score of 88%, with the highest score in Body Composition (94%) and the lowest in Nutrients(84%). The averaged AI model outperformed the general population by 31% points and ultra-endurance athletes by 20% pointsin overall knowledge. The AI model exhibited superior knowledge in Fluids, outperforming registered dietitians by 49% points, the general population by 42% points, and ultra-endurance athletes by 32% points. In Body Composition, the AI model surpassed the general population by 31% points and ultraendurance athletes by 24% points. In Supplements, it outperformed registered dietitians by 58% points and the general population by 55% points. Finally, in Nutrients and in Recovery, it outperformed the general population only, by 24% and 29% points, respectively. AI models show high proficiency in sports nutrition knowledge, potentially serving as valuable tools for nutritional education and advice. AI-generated insights could be integrated with expert human judgment for effective athlete performance optimization
Bir İmalat İşletmesi için Endüstri 4.0 (Dijital) Olgunluk Seviyesi Belirleme Uygulaması
No full text
Özet
Bu çalışmada pilot bir uygulama olarak Sakarya ilinde makine imalatı gerçekleştiren bir
işletmenin dijital olgunluğunun ölçülmesi, bunun yanı sıra işletmenin güçlü ve geliştirilmesi gereken yönlerinin belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle literatürden hareketle dijitalleşme endeksi ölçümlerinde göz önünde bulundurulan dokuz
ölçüt ele alınarak bu ölçütlerin etki bileşenlerini yansıtacak şekilde sorular hazırlanmıştır. Ölçütlerin dijitalleşme endeksi
bakımından etkililerinin farklı olduğu/olabileceği kabul edilerek her bir ölçüt uzmanlarla Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesinden
faydalanılarak ağırlıklandırılmış ve bu ağırlıklar bağlı olduğu ölçüt için hazırlanan her bir soru ile çarpılarak her bir
sorununda ağırlığı belirlenmiştir. İşletmedeki uzmanlara uygulanan anket sonuçları değerlendirilerek işletmenin dijitalleşme
endeksi 2,73 olarak hesaplanmış ve endeks değerine göre işletme 5 seviyeli olgunluk modeli kullanılarak yaklaşık olarak 3.
seviye olarak belirlenmiştir.
Editor: H. Kemal İlter, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Turkey
Received: August 19, 2018, Accepted: October 18, 2018, Published: November 10, 2018
Copyright: © 2018 IMISC Özçelik et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author
and source are credited.
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