1,721,116 research outputs found
Modificazioni indotte dai processi di tostatura industriale nei chicchi di caffè. Indagini colorimetriche
No full textPolygalacturonase from Rhizoctonia fragariae: further characterization of two isoenzymes and their action towards strawberry tissue.
No full textPECTIN METHYLESTERASE INHIBITORS LIMIT TOBAMOVIRUS SPREADING IN TOBACCO AND ARABIDOPSIS
No full textPlant infection by a virus is a complex process influenced by virus-encoded factors and host components that support replication and movement. Critical factors for a successful infection are the movement proteins (MPs) that modify the size exclusion limit of plasmodesmata during the cell-to-cell movement. Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) was shown to interact in vitro with the MP of different viruses and this interaction was proposed to be necessary for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) spreading as well as for its systemic movement through the host vasculature. Here we report that the ectopic expression of a PME inhibitor from Actinidia chinensis in Nicotiana tabacum significantly delays the TMV cell-to-cell and systemic spreading. A reduced susceptibility against Turnip vein clearing virus was also observed in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing a PME inhibitor from Arabidopsis. Overall, our results strongly support the important roles of PMEs in viral movement and indicate PME inhibitors as a useful tool to limit virus infection
Pectin methylesterases affect plant resistance to pathogens
No full textPectin is synthesized in a highly methyl esterified form and is de-esterified in muro by pectin methyl esterases (PMEs). The degree and pattern of methyl esterification affect the cell wall structure and properties with consequences on their resistance to pathogens. We show that PME is required for the initial plant tissue colonization by fungal and bacterial necrotrophs, making pectin more susceptible to the action of the hydrolytic enzymes of the pathogens. We have reduced the susceptibility of plants to pathogens by increasing the methyl esterification of pectin through the overexpression of PME inhibitors (PMEI). A natural Arabidopsis ecotype, showing a higher pectin esterification and lower homogalacturonan content than the reference ecotype Col-0 is more resistant to necrotrophic fungal and bacterial pathogens. PME is also required for viral cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of plant virus. Our results support the notion that PME activity affects the mechanical properties of cell wall and plant resistance against pathogens
Extracellular DAMPs in plants and mammals: immunity, tissue damage and repair
No full textInnate immune receptors, well known mediators of response to non-self-molecules and inflammation, also act as mediators of immunity triggered by ‘damage-associated molecular patterns’ (DAMPs). Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) cause inflammation in mammals and a rapid immune response in plants, while DAMPs trigger more complex responses, including immunity, tissue maintenance and repair. DAMPs, their receptors and downstream transduction mechanisms are often conserved within a kingdom or, due to convergent evolution, are similar across the kingdoms of life. Herein, we describe the dynamics and functionality of specific extracellular DAMP classes and their receptors in immunity, inflammation and repair of tissue damage in plants and mammals
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