1,720,991 research outputs found
Des possibilités de renforcer la résilience
No full textDrylands make up about 43 percent of the region’s land surface, account for about 75 percent of the area used for agriculture, and are home to about 50 percent of the population, including many poor. Involving complex interactions among many factors, vulnerability in drylands is rising, jeopardizing the livelihood for of millions.D’ici 2030, le nombre d’habitants des zones arides de l’Afrique de l’Est et de
l’Ouest devrait augmenter de 65 à 80 % (selon les scénarios de fécondité). Au
cours de la même période, le changement climatique pourrait provoquer une
expansion des zones classées « arides » allant, dans certains scénarios, jusqu’à
20 % pour l’ensemble de la région, et encore plus dans certains pays (carte 0.2.).
Cela placerait davantage de personnes dans des conditions encore plus
difficiles
Country Environmental Analysis
No full textThis Country Environmental Analysis
(CEA) has been developed by the World Bank in cooperation
with the Government of Jordan. It aims to integrate
environment into development and poverty reduction
priorities. The CEA will be a vital instrument for designing
Jordans future policies, by integrating the economic policy
tools in our decision making processes. As the latest
economic crises and its implications have shown, an economic
model that is based on consumption alone cannot be
sustained; accordingly many countries identified the need to
green their economics as the base for sustainable growth and
development. Jordans green economic initiative will enhance
social integration, economic growth an environmental
sustainability within one focused, measured and stable
economic plan. Jordan is a small country that is rich in
human capital; the green journey will be a twenty years
program to retrofit our infrastructure, to become energy,
water and resource efficient. The recommendations identified
in this document will be the main drivers for the
environmental policies in the country. The issue of adequate
incentives for better quantity management clearly remains
important, but is not addressed in this report. After the
national agenda was established, it appears that the
reduction of water related subsidies and the creation of
incentives for allocating water to higher value added uses
are being recognized as necessities that public policies
will address in the future
Toward Climate-Resilient Development in Nigeria
No full textThis book analyzes the risks to
Nigeria's development prospects that climate change
poses to agriculture, livestock, and water management. These
sectors were chosen because they are central to achieving
the growth, livelihood, and environmental objectives of
Vision 20: 2020; and because they are already vulnerable to
current climate variability. Since other sectors might also
be affected, the findings of this research provide
lower-bound estimates of overall climate change impacts.
Agriculture accounts for about 40 percent of Nigeria's
Gross Domestic product (GDP) and employs 70 percent of its
people. Because virtually all production is rain-fed,
agriculture is highly vulnerable to weather swings. It
alerts us that increases in temperature, coupled with
changes in precipitation patterns and hydrological regimes,
can only exacerbate existing vulnerabilities. The book
proposes 10 practical short-term priority actions, as well
as complementary longer-term initiatives, that could help to
mitigate the threat to vision 20: 2020 that climate change
poses. Nigeria's vision can become a reality if the
country moves promptly to become more climate-resilient.
Climate variability is also undermining Nigeria's
efforts to achieve energy security. Though dominated by
thermal power, the country's energy mix is complemented
by hydropower, which accounts for one-third of grid supply.
Because dams are poorly maintained, current variability in
rainfall results in power outages that affect both
Nigeria's energy security and its growth potential. In
particular, climate models converge in projecting that by
mid-century water flows will increase for almost half the
country, decrease in 10 percent of the country, and be
uncertain over one-third of Nigeria's surface. The
overall feasibility of Nigeria's hydropower potential
is not in question. On grounds of energy diversification and
low carbon co-benefits, exploiting the entire 12 gigawatts
(GW) of hydropower potential should be considered. Nigeria
has a number of actions and policy choices it might consider
for building up its ability to achieve climate-resilient development
Assessing Low-Carbon Development in Nigeria : An Analysis of Four Sectors
No full textThe Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)
and the World Bank have agreed to carry out a Climate Change
Assessment (CCA) within the framework of the Bank's
Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for Nigeria (2010-13).
The CCA includes an analysis of options for low-carbon
development in selected sectors, including power, oil and
gas, transport, and agriculture. The goal of the low-carbon
analysis is to define likely trends in carbon emissions up
to 2035, based on government sector development plans, and
to identify opportunities for achieving equivalent
development objectives with a reduced carbon footprint. This
study comprises the following components: (i) development of
a reference scenario of greenhouse gas (GHG) net emissions
for the agriculture sector, consistent with vision 20: 2020
and other government plans; (ii) identification of
opportunities for reduced net emissions- reduced emissions
and or enhanced carbon sequestration- while achieving the
same development objectives as in the reference scenario;
and (iii) economic assessment of low-carbon options in order
to help the Nigerian government to prioritize policy
options. The study evaluates costs and benefits in a partial
equilibrium setting, with no attempt to capture the
indirect, general equilibrium effects of adopting low-carbon
technologies or management practices. The results of this
analysis (the first of its kind in Nigeria) should be
considered as a first approximation of the potential for
low-carbon development in the Nigerian agriculture sector.
The study aims at providing policy makers with an
order-of-magnitude estimate of mitigation potential, and an
understanding of the value of dedicating further efforts
(including through specific projects) at pursuing low-carbon
development in agriculture, but is not meant to inform the
design of specific, project-level interventions
The Ocean Economy in Mauritius
No full textThe book aims at assessing the overall
potential of the Ocean Economy (OE) to contribute to
Mauritius' development, at identifying key sectoral and
cross-cutting challenges to be overcome in order to seize
that potential; and at evaluating ways to ensure the
OE's longer-term sustainability, addressing in
particular environmental and climate change concerns. While
the book discusses specific projects in selected sectors,
this is intended only to illustrate opportunities and
challenges (including in terms of resource mobilization); an
appraisal of the technicaland financial feasibility of
individual projects would go beyond the scope of this work
and would have to be conducted as part of separate follow-on
activities. This book reflects data and information
available as of March 31, 2017
Low-Carbon Development : Opportunities for Nigeria
Full text linkThe Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)
has formulated an ambitious strategy, known as Vision 20:
2020, which aims to make Nigeria the world s 20th largest
economy by 2020. This book argues that there are many ways
that Nigeria can achieve the Vision 20: 2020 development
objectives for 2020 and beyond, but with up to 32 percent
lower carbon emissions. A lower carbon path offers not only
the global benefits of reducing contributions to climate
change, but also net economic benefits to Nigeria, estimated
at about 2 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). The FGN
and the World Bank agreed, as part of the Country
Partnership Strategy (CPS) 2010-13, to conduct an analysis
of the implications of climate change for Nigeria's
development agenda. The current volume focuses on low-carbon
development. Building on the work under way on
Nigeria's nationally appropriate mitigation actions,
the authors evaluate opportunities to pursue national
development priorities using technologies and interventions
that reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), referred
to here as low-carbon options. The document is structured as
follows: chapter one is introduction; chapter two provides
essential background on the country and the economic
sectors. Chapter three describes the analytical approach,
providing a summary of how the scenarios were developed,
methods of analysis, models, and the data and general
assumptions used. Chapters four-seven present the analysis
and results for each sector: agriculture and land use, oil
and gas, power, and transport, respectively. Each chapter
provides an introduction to the sector and the approach,
findings, and recommendations for options and actions for
low-carbon development. Chapter eight summarizes the key
findings across sectors. It describes the main scenarios
that were modeled across all sectors and their implications
for GHG emissions and the economy. It provides general
recommendations on how Nigeria can reconcile national growth
objectives with low-carbon development using a cross-sector perspective
Mitigating Drought Impacts in Drylands: Quantifying the Potential for Strengthening Crop- and Livestock-Based Livelihoods
Full text linkDrylands account for three-quarters of Sub-Saharan Africa's cropland, two-thirds of cereal production, and four-fifths of livestock holdings. Today frequent and severe shocks, especially droughts, limit the livelihood opportunities available to millions of households and undermine efforts to eradicate poverty in the drylands. Prospects for sustainable development of drylands are assessed in this book through the lens of resilience, understood here to mean the ability of people to withstand and respond to droughts and other shocks. An original model was developed expressly to consistently and coherently evaluate different type of interventions on the ground, which provided a common framework to anticipate the
scale of the challenges likely to arise in drylands, as well as to generate insights into opportunities for addressing those challenges.
Such modeling framework consisted in a) estimating the baseline vulnerability profiles of people living in drylands (2010), b) estimate the evolution of vulnerability by 2030 under a range of assumptions, c) calculated the number of people affectedby drought in the different administrative units of each country, and d) evaluate different types of interventions in agriculture and livestock for mitigating drought impact by calculating the potential for reducing the number of people affected for each scenario and conducting a simplified · benefit/cost (B/C) analysis for each type of intervention.
For livestock, simulation models were used to estimate the impacts of feed balances, livestock production, and household income resilience interventions under different climate scenarios). For agriculture, the DSSAT (Decision Support System for·Agrotechnology Transfer) framework was used to assess the potential impact on yields likely to result from adoption of five crop farming technologies: (1) drought-tolerant varieties, (2) heat-tolerant varieties, (3) additional fertilizer, (4) agroforestry practices, (S) irrigation (6) water-harvesting techniques and selected combinations thereof
The Power and Water Sectors
Full text linkThis book evaluates -using for the first time a single consistent methodology and the state-of-the-arte climate scenarios-, the impacts of climate change on hydro-power and irrigation expansion plans in Africa’s main rivers basins (Niger, Senegal, Volta, Congo, Nile, Zambezi, Orange); and outlines an approach to reduce climate risks through suitable adjustments to the planning and design process. The book finds that failure to integrate climate change in the planning and design of power and water infrastructure could entail, in scenarios of drying climate conditions, losses of hydropower revenues between 5% and 60% (depending on the basin); and increases in consumer expenditure for energy up to 3 times the corresponding baseline values. In in wet climate scenarios, business-as-usual infrastructure development could lead to foregone revenues in the range of 15% to 130% of the baseline, to the extent that the larger volume of precipitation is not used to expand the production of hydropower.
Despite the large uncertainty on whether drier or wetter conditions will prevail in the future in Africa, the book finds that by modifying existing investment plans to explicitly handle the risk of large climate swings, can cut in half or more the cost that would accrue by building infrastructure on the basis of the climate of the past
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