1,721,056 research outputs found
Early elevation of BACE1 in dementia
No full textInterest in the role of Beta-secretase1 (BACE1) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and patho-physiology has been remarkably growing in the last 10 year
Paraoxonase-1 and Other HDL Accessory Proteins in Neurological Diseases
No full textThe burden of neurological diseases continues to increase as they still are the leading cause of disability and the second-leading cause of death worldwide [...
BACE1 role in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: From the theory to the practice
No full textNon disponibil
Inflammation in Neurological Disorders: The Thin Boundary between Brain and Periphery
No full textSignificance: Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of several highly prevalent, but also rare, neurological diseases. In particular, the neurodegenerative processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VAD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are fueled by neuroinflammation, which, in turn, is accompanied by a parallel systemic immune dysregulation. This cross-talk between periphery and the brain becomes substantial when the blood-brain barrier loses its integrity, as often occurs in the course of these diseases. It has been hypothesized that the perpetual bidirectional flux of inflammatory mediators is not a mere "static"collateral effect of the neurodegeneration, but represents a proactive phenomenon sparking and driving the neuropathological processes. However, the upstream/downstream relationship between inflammatory events and neurological pathology is still unclear. Recent Advances: Solid recent evidence clearly suggests that metabolic factors, systemic infections, Microbiota dysbiosis, and oxidative stress are implicated, although to a different extent, in the development in brain diseases. Critical Issues: Here, we reviewed the most solid published evidence supporting the implication of the axis systemic inflammation-neuroinflammation-neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of AD, VAD, PD, and MS, highlighting the possible cause of the putative downstream component of the axis. Future Directions: Reaching a definitive clinical/epidemiological appreciation of the etiopathogenic significance of the connection between peripheral and brain inflammation in neurologic disorders is pivotal since it could open novel therapeutic avenues for these diseases
Central osteosarcoma of low grade malignancy
No full textThree cases of central osteosarcoma of low grade malignancy are reported. The writers discuss the clinical, radiographic and histological aspects characteristic of this neoplasm. The prognosis is generally good, provided that surgical treatment is early and adequate
Endoprosthesis of the humerus: description of a new model and its application
No full textA new type of endoprosthesis of the humerus is presented. It is indicated in resection of the proximal humerus for primary and secondary neoplasms. After describing its construction and the technique for fitting it, the writers analyse the clinical results in thirteen cases. They emphasize the advantages over prostheses of other kinds: simplicity of fitting, wide possibilities of adaptation to individual cases, and the very satisfactory aesthetic and functional aspect
Compromised immune/inflammatory responses in Rett syndrome
No full textMutations in X-linked gene methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), a key transcriptional regulator, account for most cases of Rett syndrome (RTT), a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder with no known cure. Despite extensive research to elucidate MeCP2 functions, the mechanisms underlying RTT pathophysiology are still unclear. In addition to a variety of neurological symptoms, RTT also includes a plethora of additional phenotypical features including altered lipid metabolism, redox imbalance, immune dysfunction and mitochondrial abnormalities that explain its multisystemic nature. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the potential role of dysregulated inflammatory and immune responses in RTT. The findings show that abnormalities of humoral and cell-mediated immunity together with chronic low-grade inflammation in multiple organs represent not only clinical manifestations of RTT but rather can contribute to its development and deteriorating course. A future research challenge could be to target therapeutically immune dysfunction as a novel means for RTT management
Osteosarcoma centrale a basso grado di malignità
No full textSi presentano tre casi di osteosarcoma centrale a basso grado di malignità. Gli autori discutono gli aspetti clinici, radiografici e istologici di questo neoplasma. La prognosi generalmente è buona, purché il trattamento chirurgico sia tempestivo e adeguato
Evaluating the link between Paraoxonase-1 levels and Alzheimer's disease development
No full textAt present, the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, remains far to be fully deciphered. In the recent years, also the centrality of amyloid-β peptide in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disease has been questioned and other hypotheses have been advanced. Notably, a common denominator of many of these theoretical models is represented by oxidative stress, which is widely proposed to play a role in the disease initiation and/or progression. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that endows its carrier with multiple biological functions, including the ability to contrast oxidative damage to lipid components of lipoproteins and cells and protect from toxicity of specific organophosphorus pesticides. The peculiar multi-functionality nature of PON1 might be the key for explaining the vast epidemiological data showing a close association between low serum PON1 activity and risk of several diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular AD. In this review, we discuss the possible link between PON1 with AD pathogenesis and we hypothesize eventual mechanistic pathways that could account from epidemiological observations. We also highlight the methodological issue limitation in PON1 studies that still impede to give a definitive and certain picture of its effective biological impact on human health including AD
Modulation of oxidative stress response in neurodevelopment disorders. The case of the Rett syndrome variants: MECP2 and CDKL5
No full textModulation of oxidative stress response in neurodevelopment disorders. The case of the Rett syndrome variants: MECP2 and CDKL
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