2,214 research outputs found
RESULTS OF THE NORTH DAKOTA LAND VALUATION MODEL FOR THE 2004 AGRICULTURAL REAL ESTATE ASSESSMENT
No full textThis report summarizes the 2004 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. This model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2004 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average all land value from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county's total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. Each county is required by state statute to assess a total value of agricultural property within 5 percent of this value. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota decreased by 0.66 percent based on the value of production analysis. Cropland value declined by 0.32 percent and non-cropland value dropped by 2.58 percent. The formula capitalization rate was below the minimum set by the State Legislature; therefore, the minimum rate of 9.5 percent was used. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data is from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.Land valuation, real estate assessment, agricultural land, Land Economics/Use,
Risk-based capital requirements and loan growth
No full textBank capital ; Bank loans ; Risk ; Bank holding companies
Forests, illegality, and livelihoods in Cameroon
No full textConcern about illegal logging has grown considerably over the past decade due to the interest in its environmental impacts, and more recently as a result of its perceived impacts on livelihoods. The authors find that the reality of illegal logging is much more nuanced than has been depicted and that there is a need to focus on illegal forest activities (IFAs) beyond just illegal harvest. This paper shows that the illegal log harvest in Cameroon is smaller than previously thought and that, in recent years, small-scale operators forced to operate illegally by an illicit ministerial decision contributed a significant share. This paper provides suggestions to the government and donor community about priority areas for interventions related to IFAs, sustainability, and livelihoods. These include allowing small-scale logging operations as a way to reverse the historical marginalization of rural people and reducing the misuse of the forest area tax, which is supposed to benefit rural communities
Intégrer le marché national dans l’Accord de Partenariat Volontaire en Côte d’Ivoire: Note d’orientation
No full textPolitiques de gestion durable des forêts en Afrique centrale: prendre en compte le secteur informel
No full textThe domestic market for small-scale chainsaw milling in Cameroon: present situation, opportunities and challenges
No full textIn 1994 Cameroon adopted a new forest law that focussed on the large-scale, export-oriented industrial forest sector while timber produced through small-scale logging for the domestic market was ignored, even in official statistics, and is generally produced without a valid permit. As Cameroon prepares to implement the Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) it recently signed with the European Union, promising a legal framework for all national timber production, this occasional paper presents a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the country’s domestic timber market. By adding our estimates for small-scale production of sawn wood sold on the domestic market to national statistics, total national production would amount to about 4.3 million cubic metres per year, in other words close to double the official figure for Cameroonian timber production. Our research also found that the domestic market is profitable for thousands of Cameroonians. Its informal structure, however, contributes to maintaining a huge, inescapable payment system run by State agents to launder the timber sold on local markets, informal transactions that are worth about 6 billion F CFA each year. The paper concludes with technical options to improve market operating conditions. These options may prove ineffective unless they are accompanied by determined efforts to fight the corruption that permeates the industry
Forests, illegality, and livelihoods: the Case of Cameroon
No full textConcern about illegal logging has grown considerably over the past decade. This article contributes to knowledge on the nature, extent, and impacts of illegal logging (IL), with particular focus on livelihoods. We find that the reality of IL is much more nuanced than it has been depicted. We show that the illegal log harvest in Cameroon is smaller than previously thought and that in recent years small-scale operators, forced to operate illegally by an illicit ministerial decision, contributed a significant share of the illegal harvest. We also show the role played by the state in IL. We derive priority areas for interventions that address IL and its impacts
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