1,721,018 research outputs found
Proliferative response of foetal liver peroxisomes to clofibrate treatment of pregnant rats. A quantitative evaluation
No full textLiver peroxisomes during prenatal development were studied by means of morphological and morphometric analysis in foetuses growing both in untreated and in clofibrate-treated rats. Pregnant rats were fed a standard diet (25 g/d) containing or not 0.8% clofibrate during the week preceding sacrifice and livers were excised from 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21-day old foetuses and newborn rats. The morphometric analysis of hepatocyte peroxisomes, performed by a semiautomatic method in specimens incubated with 3,3' diaminobenzidine, shows that the peroxisome volume density and average diameter in test animals were significantly increased over the control values. While the increase in the average diameter was roughly the same (X 1.4) at all examined stages, the volume density increased over the control values particularly in foetuses over 19d-old and in newborn rats; over the same period the peroxisome numerical density also significantly increased over the control values. Finally, the average diameters of peroxisome profiles in test rats showed a more dispersed distribution (SD 40%) than in control animals (SD 30%). These results demonstrate that clofibrate, given to rats during pregnancy, induces peroxisomal proliferation in the livers of their foetuses. Data are discussed in view of the models proposed for peroxisomal biogenesis
Enzimi perossisomiali in cellule del Sistema nervoso centrale di ratto: evidenze biochimiche ed immunologiche
No full textDistribuzione della Cu,Zn-superossido dismutasi nel sistema nervoso centrale di ratto. Studio immunocitochimico
No full textPurification of peroxisomes from rat cerebellum: Biochemical and morphological characterization
No full textPerfluorodecanoic acid activates PPAR α and induces PPAR γ in human glioblastoma cells in vitro
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Neuroprotective properties of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and its lipid ligands
No full textSignalling lipids are known to control a wide array of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and energy metabolism. Fatty acids and their derivatives, eicosanoids, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, some cannabinoid-like molecules bind and activate nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). This subfamily of transcription factors comprises three isotypes - PPARα (NR1C1), PPAR β/δ (NR1C2), PPARγ (NR1C3) - which bind to specific DNA response elements, as heterodimers with retinoid X receptors. PPAR activity is modulated by post-translational modifications and cofactors, towards which they show differential affinity. The three PPARs mutually interact, being integrated in a complex system, leading to the concept of a "PPAR triad". Nevertheless, the isotypes also show distinct actions on cellular physiology and partially different tissue, ligand and target gene specificities. In the brain, while the functions of PPARγ and its ligands are being thoroughly investigated, the actual and potential roles of PPARα and β/δ are far from being clarified. PPARα appears especially intriguing, since it is selectively expressed in certain brain areas and neuronal/glial populations, and modulates antioxidant responses, neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and glial cell proliferation/differentiation. This receptor and its endogenous ligands, including oleoylethanoloamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), are involved in physiological and pathological responses, such as satiety, memory consolidation, and modulation of pain perception. The protective role of PPARα agonists in neurodegenerative diseases and in neuropsychiatric disorders makes manipulation of this pathway highly attractive as therapeutic strategy for neuropathological conditions. In this review, we focus on the pleiotropic functions of PPARα and its lipid ligands in the nervous tissue, devoting special attention to neuroprotection. © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers
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