1,721,056 research outputs found
La valutazione dei disturbi dell’alimentazione
No full textI disturbi della nutrizione e dell’alimentazione (da) sono disturbi complessi, che comportano deficit in varie aree di funzionamento dell’organismo e che, pertanto, necessitano di una valutazione multi- disciplinare che fornisca un quadro chiaro sia dei sintomi che delle risorse. In questa sede ci occuperemo principalmente dei sintomi comportamentali e psicopatologici e della valutazione del funzio- namento psicologico, per i quali disponiamo di numerosi strumenti la cui validità e attendibilità sono note e che ci possono fornire un quadro accurato della presenza e dell’intensità dei sintomi e delle altre condizioni cliniche associate, potenzialmente rilevanti ai fini della pianificazione dell’intervento. Come suggeriscono Fairburn e colle- ghi (cfr. ad esempio Fairburn, Cooper, Shafran, 2003; Fairburn et al., 2008), i disturbi dell’alimentazione sono caratterizzati da un nucleo psicopatologico centrale comune a tutti i disturbi a esordio adolescen- ziale o successivo, ovvero, accanto all’alterazione del comportamen- to alimentare, un’immagine corporea distorta e una valutazione di sé esclusivamente basata su di essa. Pertanto, la valutazione deve permet- tere allo psicologo clinico di farsi un’idea chiara su tutti questi ambiti ovvero su: le alterazioni del comportamento alimentare; le alterazioni dell’immagine corporea e l’autostima dipendente dalla forma fisica e dal peso; lo status nutrizionale. Deve, inoltre, fornire un quadro circa le altre caratteristiche psicologiche e psicopatologiche tipicamente associate a questi disturbi
Stress and depression predict relationship satisfaction with gender differences
No full textIntroduction: Factors associated with marital satisfaction are multiple. Psychological health of both partners have been showed to play a fundamental role. Empirical evidences showed negative association between stress and relationship satisfaction, thus highlighting the need of examining stress as a dyadic phenomenon. Similarly, depression seems to negatively predict marital satisfaction, varying across gender. However, evidences are still lacking.
Method: This study aims to explore psychological factors associated with relationship satisfaction of both partners in heterosexual Italian couples. Measures of stress, depression, reported received support from the other partner, relationship satisfaction and sociodemographic information were collected from both partner. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted separately for gender, considering relationship satisfaction as dependent variable. As independent variables were included: duration of the relationship, personal depression, reported received support from the other partner, partner’s stress and depression. Results:122 couples participated in the study (female Mage=26.09±7.25, male Mage=33.08±11.23, 60% engaged, 30% married and 10% cohabiting partners). The mean duration of the relationship was 8.5 ± 10.0 years. Gender differences were significant among stress (t= 3,28, p= 0,001) and reported received support from the other partner (t=-2,10, p=0,038): females reported higher level of stress and less reported received support from the other partner, compared to males. Regression analyses showed that factors predicting relationship satisfaction for men were: relationship duration, their own depression (ps<.001) and female partner’s stress (p=.013, R2=0.29, R2 Change=0.083, p=0.002). For female partners, factors predicting relationship satisfaction were only stress (p=.056) and depression (p<.001) of their male partners (R2=0.20, R2 Change=0.132, p< 0.001). Conclusions: Results indicated that relationship satisfaction may vary according to gender. In fact, relationship duration and males depressive symptoms predicted greater relationship satisfaction, while female partner's stress negatively affected it. Males depressive symptoms predicted greater relationship satisfaction in the female partner, while the male stress negatively impacted it
Orthorexia nervosa and psychosocial impairment from a multidimensional perspective: a structural equation modelling approach
No full textOrthorexia Nervosa (ON) is a proposed clinical condition characterised by an excessive fixation on consuming healthy and pure foods, leading to strict dietary restrictions and potentially negative consequences for both mental and physical health. Despite its increasing prevalence, ON has yet to be classified as a distinct disorder within diagnostic classification systems. To promote its recognition as a formal disorder, it is pivotal to establish a significant association between ON symptoms and psychosocial impairment. To this end, we adopted a multidimensional perspective and explored a broad range of psychosocial domains to address this knowledge gap. A total of 261 participants aged 18–73 years (Mage = 30.03 years, 85% women) were enrolled and completed self-report questionnaires including the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale and the Barkley Functional Impairment Scale. Structural equation modelling revealed significant and positive associations between ON symptoms and impairment in several psychosocial domains. These domains included home life with immedi- ate family, household chores, social relationships with acquaintances and friends, sexual activities, financial management, self-care in everyday life, and educational activities. Overall, the presence of ON symptoms appears to have a significant impact on individuals’ daily functioning across various psychosocial domains. These findings emphasize the importance of early identification and intervention for individuals who exhibit symptoms of ON, as well as the need for further research to inform the development of effective treatments and support for this emerging clinical condition
Decreased inhibitory control after partial sleep deprivation in individuals reporting binge eating
No full textBody image and body dissatisfaction in binge eating: a comparison between implicit and explicit measures
No full textBinge Eating Disorder (BED) ischaracterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a sense of lack of control over eating and associated with unpleasant feelings and marked distress (DSM-5, APA, 2013). BED is frequently associated to obesity (de Zwaan, 2001). Binge eating symptoms or behaviors (i.e. the experience of binge eating episodes without fulfilling BED criteria) are more common than the full syndrome (Siqueira ET AL., 2004; Spitzer et al., 1992). Body dissatisfaction and overvaluation of weight and shape are known risk factors for both binge eating and BED (Mitchison et al., 2017). Body dissatisfaction, i.e. the negative evaluation of one’s body, is often measured as the difference between the current and the ideal silhouettes chosen among a series of 9 (Gleaves et al., 2000). Overvaluation of weight and shape is a concept that includes both global negative evaluations of one’s body and the perceptions, cognitions and emotions regarding one’s own weight and figure and their influence on self-esteem and self-worth (e.g. Lewer et al., 2017). Notwithstanding the central role of body dissatisfaction and overvaluation of weight and shape also in binge eating, misperception of body size in BED and binge eating behavior has been widely neglected so far. However, a recent review (Lewer et al., 2017) evidence that a few studies show that individuals with BED rate their body shape rather accurately. The presentation will address these topics presenting also results of a study examining implicit and explicit assessment of body image and body dissatisfaction in a sample of 39 participants (age M= 23,9 ± 3,74) divided in two groups based on binge eatingsymptomatology. Data were obtained throughmultiple measures:a Body Image Task (BIT) assessing implicit body image, an analogic scale assessing explicit body image and body dissatisfaction, actual participants’ anthropometric measures, objectively taken by researchers
Effects of acute and chronic sleep deprivation on eating behaviour
No full textBackground: Experimental studies consistently demonstrate that acute sleep depri- vation increases food consumption. Moreover, epidemiological studies and meta- analyses show that children with short sleep have twice the probability of suffering from obesity than normal sleepers. Similar results are reported in adolescents, while in adults' results are heterogeneous. Habitual sleep patterns, however, have not been taken into account to date, yet they may explain this heterogeneity. This study aimed to test the effects of a night of partial sleep deprivation on food intake by comparing a group of individuals reporting symptoms of chronic insomnia with a group of individuals reporting good sleep, matched for age and gender.
Method: Breakfast intake of 32 participants was unobtrusively measured after a night of partial sleep deprivation and after a night of habitual sleep.
Results: Results found that only good sleepers increased food intake at increasing level of body mass index (BMI) after sleep deprivation.
Conclusions: As only good sleepers showed the consequences of sleep depriva- tion, habitual sleep and habitual eating patterns should be considered in explana- tions of how long-term sleep deprivation may affect eating behaviour and BMI in adults
Assertiveness, insomnia and depression: which relationship?
No full textIntroduction: Some empirical data and clinical observation suggest that people with chronic insomnia have difficulties in assertiveness. However, the literature on this relationship is very poor. Some studies show that low assertiveness is linked to higher severity of depression. Additionally, several studies support the role of insomnia in predicting the onset of depression. The aim of this exploratory cross-sectional study is to evaluate if assertiveness predicts depression directly and/or indirectly through the mediation of insomnia.
Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 374 young university students aged 19e35 years (M1⁄4 20.87 ± 2.02), of whom 75.4% were fe- male. Participants completed different self report questionnaires: the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI); the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II); the Scale for Interpersonal Behavior (SIB) which allow to distinguish Assertive performance and Distress of assertiveness. Questionnaires were administered in group at the end of academic lessons.Results: Participants were classified according to their insomnia severity into Subclinical Insomnia (SI): ISI < 111⁄4 304 and Clinical Insomnia (CI): ISI > 11 1⁄4 66. Results of one-way ANOVAs evidenced that the CI group reported higher scores in the Distress of assertiveness scale (M 1⁄4 66.38 ± 15.54) compared to the SI group (M 1⁄4 58.03 ± 16.25; F(1,368) 1⁄4 14.54, p < .001). They also reported less scores in the Assertive performance subscale, despite this difference was only marginally significant (F(1,367) 1⁄4 3.09, p1⁄4 .08). A significant difference emerged in the BDI-II scores (F(1,288) 1⁄4 50.86, p < .001): the CI group reported higher level of depression (M 1⁄4 16.18 ± 9.50) compared to the SI group (M 1⁄4 8.33 ± 7.02). The rela- tionship between assertiveness, insomnia and depression were also explored using two mediation models in which the scores of Distress and Performance of the SIB were inserted as independent variable, ISI score ad mediator and BDI-II score as dependent variable. The first model showed that Distress of assertiveness predicts directly (b1⁄4 .34, p < .001) and indirectly (b1⁄4 .24, p1⁄4 .001 and b1⁄4 .42, p < .001) depression severity, through the median of insomnia (indirect effect: b1⁄4 .10 [95% bootstrapped CI: 0.05e0.16]). The second model showed that Assertive performance (b1⁄4 .11, p1⁄4 .029) and Insomnia (b1⁄4 .49, p< .001) predict directly and independently depression severity. The indirect effect in the second mediation model was not significant.
Conclusions: Results suggest that the distress associated to assertive or non assertive behaviors predicts the severity of depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly, through the mediation of insomnia. Conversely, behaving assertively (Assertive performance) may have protective effects and reduce depression severity. If confirmed through longitudinal data, these results may have an impact on clinical practice, suggesting the importance of including training to improve assertiveness in the treatment of patients with depression and insomnia
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