1,721,003 research outputs found
Organizational Performance Dynamics : a preliminary model
No full textThe main objective of this model (an Interactive Learning Environment) is to help the reader understand how employees' motivational dynamics influence organizational performance.
The model will allow you, through an iterative learning process, to understand:
- the feedback structure of dynamic organizational performance system
- the main motivational variables that influence the organizational performance
- the organizational levers able to affect the employees' motivational dynamics
The model will allow the reader to figure out the complex relationship between employee motivation and organizational performance through an "experimental" approach, using the simulation features provided by the model.
Since this model has been developed adopting the System Dynamics (SD) methodology, the reader have to possess the basic knowledge of SD to fully appreciate the model contribution to show the role of employees' motivation in fostering organizational performance
INTERACTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR ENHANCING THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN IMPROVING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
No full textThe main objective of this paper is to show how an Interactive Learning Environment (ILE) can be used to develop learners' skills on the Human Resource (HR)-Performance relationship, utilizing a systemic approach. The ILE is viewed as a powerful tool for analysing complex social systems and improving decision-making processes in the field of HR performance relationship. The ILE encourages learners to use the systems thinking perspective to understand how HR managers and professionals can achieve their sustainable organizational goals by considering multiple scenarios based on the characteristics of the internal and external environment in which the organization operates. Additionally, the ILE enable learners to reinforce their learning about how to identify the causal structures underlying the HRperformance relationship and to proactively experiment with the HR system through simulation. In fact, the ILE provides a simulated real business environment, where learners virtually manage their own company, assuming different roles to enact real-life scenarios about the HR performance relationship.
The ILE also embody a section specifically aimed to permit the online assessment of learners’ learning outcomes. Such an assessment will be carried out by measuring those parameters aimed at gauging the viability, effectiveness, and efficiency of their decisions to run a firm operating in a specific environment. The ILE is designed to foster interaction and cooperation among group actors (learners and trainers) as a shared foundation for scientifically rigorous conversations around effective and sustainable decisions concerning HR-performance relationship
The Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Intentions and Performances: A Review of 30 Years of Research
No full textMany scholars have stressed on the strong relationships between entrepreneurship, self-employment and the labor market growth in contemporary society. Several training and academic programs have been designed and developed all around the world to increase entrepreneurial propensity. This article aims to show the empirical evidences about the effects of entrepreneurship education programs on perceived attractiveness and perceived feasibility of new venture initiation, entrepreneurship-related human capital assets and entrepreneurship outcomes. Moderators affecting the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes-such as the attributes of education itself, the individual's background, and the contextual factors-have been analyzed. Explorations of the main theoretical frameworks that argue the positive relationships between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions and performance have been conducted. Different pedagogical models adopted for entrepreneurship education programs have been compared. The study was conducted through the systematic literature review method, allowing the suggestion of evidence-based policies at an organizational and a national level of analysis. The role of entrepreneurship education in adjusting and refining the participants' assessment of their own entrepreneurial aptitude can explain the small positive relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions revealed by several meta-analyses
Certificazione delle competenze, sviluppo delle risorse umane e politiche attive
No full textIl presente elaborato intende mettere in risalto in che modo alcune caratteristiche e implicazioni del sistema nazionale di certificazione delle competenze siano strettamente interconnesse ad alcune dimensioni psicosociali che svolgono un ruolo di regolatori dello sviluppo delle risorse umane nei contesti organizzativ
Personal Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control, Social Norm and Entrepreneurial Self-Identity as Entrepreneurial Intention Antecedents
No full textSince the central role that entrepreneurship plays in fostering country economies, the recent literature focused on a quest to determine the key factors responsible for the developing of entrepreneurial intention in youngers. Many scholars suggested that the entrepreneurial behavior could be explained and predicted accordingly to the theory of planned behavior (TPB), as proposed by Ajzen (1991). Some studies about TPB - aimed to introduce more variables in order to higher the amount of variance explained by the TPB model - provided interesting insights about the role of self-identity perception as an antecedent
of entrepreneurial intention. OBJECTIVE: Following these hints, we propose that the behavioral intention antecedents proposed by the TPB, namely an individual personal attitude (PA), social norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and entrepreneurial self-identity (ESI) can have a significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions (EI) of college students and graduates. METHOD: A sevenpoint Likert scale questionnaire has been administered to graduates and students from University of Palermo (N=153). Scales descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and three steps hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) controlled for some demographic variables has been performed in order to test the research hypotheses. The Cronbach‟s Alpha values of questionnaire scales were more than acceptable. RESULTS: The three steps HRA partially confirmed the research hypotheses. On one hand, the hypotheses that personal attitude towards entrepreneurship - introduced in the second step of HRA - and entrepreneurial self-identity - introduced in the third step of HRA - are two strong entrepreneurial intention antecedents are fully confirmed. On the other hand, while PBC showed a strong effect on EI in the second step of HRA, when ESI were entered in the third step of HRA such effect on EI reduced greatly, whereas SN shown no significant effect on EI both in second and third step of HRA. These results seem to indicate that the entrepreneurial self-identity take over PBC when EI is the dependent variable and that SN doesn‟t have a significant effect on entrepreneurial
intention. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study are discussed, with a particular attention to the unexpected weak or no significant effect of PBC and SN on entrepreneurial intention and its implication for further researches on entrepreneurial
behavior. Finally, the idiosyncrasy of entrepreneurial career as research field that could exhibits some peculiarities about the causal relationship between the three components of the TPB and behavioral intentions are analyzed
Psychological reactance as an explanation of Italians'resistance to observe the safety measures during COVID-19 outbreak
Full text linkAfter the World Health Organization
(WHO) declared the coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic (March
11th-2020), precise recommendations
about ways to prevent and to contain
the infection have been indicated. More
specifically, a review commissioned by
WHO showed that quarantine combined
with other public health measures, such as
hand washing, face covering, and social
distancing, help prevent incidence and
mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic
(Nussbaumer-Streit et al., 2020).
However, many people in Italy refused to
obey the above recommendations.
This irrational behavior has been
observed especially among young, who
even after the closure of schools and
colleges, continued to host house parties,
meet with friends at parks without social
distancing, travel, and so on. Not only
young people, but also many adults
manifested a low willingness to cooperate
in order to prevent and contain the spread
of the coronavirus, refusing for example
to wear a mask at the grocery store or to
practice social-distancing. The illogical
behavior of Italians during the COVID-19
pandemic can be explained through a
well-known psychological mechanism,
named psychological reactance
A Critical Review Of The Hardiness Scales
No full textINTRODUCTION: The construct of hardiness - structured in the control, commitment and challenge components - is a personality variable that allows individuals to respond effectively to stress demands, to perform better and to stay healthier.
Individuals with high scores on these three factors show less powerlessness and alienation, interpret life events as controllable, interesting and as growth opportunities. Although in the last forty years many scholars had contributed to consolidate the hardiness theoretical framework, a substantial critical issue emerges with regard to the large heterogeneity of the scales used to measure hardiness. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of the study is to conduct a critical review about the evolution of hardiness scales, analyzing how scholars have operationalized and measured hardiness. We took three main steps to locate and identify eligible studies. First, using the search term “hardiness”, we conducted a literature search using PsycInfo, EBSCO and ISI Web of Knowledge. Second, we reviewed the references sections of the identified articles to locate additional studies. Third, we conducted database searches for articles referencing the most adopted hardiness scales. RESULTS: The results of this review show that, while several studies conducted on subjects exposed to high level of stress confirmed that hardiness is an important
personal resource for physical and mental health, excessively heterogeneous tools have been used to measure hardiness. From this point of view, it is possible to identify two main kind of hardiness scale: the indirect measure and the direct measure of hardiness. The indirect measures, proposed by the pioneering studies of Kobasa (1979), Kobasa et al. (1982) and Nowack (1986), are characterized by the attempts to measure hardiness through some not original personality validated scales. For example, to measure the control component of hardiness, Kobasa (1979) used the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter et al., 1962), Powerlessness vs Personal Control e Nihilism vs Meaningfulness scale of Alienation Test (Maddi et al., 1978), Achievement and Dominance scale of Personality Research Form (Jackson, 1974) and Leadership Orientation scale of California Life Goals Evaluation Schedules (Hahn, 1966), whereas Nowack (1986) simply used the Locus of Control Scale (Rotter et al., 1962). To measure the commitment component of hardiness, Kobasa (1979) used Alienation Test (Maddi et al., 1978) and Role Consistency Test, adapted by Gergen & Morse (1967) Self-Consistency Test, whereas Nowack (1986) simply
used the Alienation from work scale by Alienation Test (Maddi et al., 1979). The direct measures represent instead the attempt of scholars to construct original and specific scales able to operationalize the three component of hardiness (Maddi & Khoshaba, 2001; Sinclair & Oliver, 2003; Maddi et al., 2006). However, even if these new scales show better internal consistency and validity, the lack of agreement about which scales have to be used to measure hardiness cast doubts about the construct validity of the hardiness subscales
Critical issues in the management of the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: the role of some organizational flaws on the adoption of collaborative governance models
Full text linkIn March and April 2020, in Italy, there was a fast and uncontrolled spread of COVID-19. The number of infected people and deaths multiplied quickly; in some regions of the Country the phenomenon got out of control. Intensive Care Units (ICUs) were rapidly saturated by COVID-19 patients, generating pressures on the Regional Health System that forced to the public decisionmakers to suspend all non-emergency services.
In this short note we argue that Italy’s inability to contain the outbreak of the epidemic in the first phase was due to the low willingness of public organizations to apply effective collaborative governance model
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A QUESTIONNAIRE MEASURING THE ANTECEDENTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION INTENTION
Full text linkA limit of the questionnaires measuring Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) is the lack of a multidimensional vision of its antecedents. The definition of a multidimensional model of the main drivers affecting the intentions of aspiring entrepreneurs in building a start-up seems a fundamental milestone to overcome this pitfall. This paper aims to explore the internal consistency reliability of a new multidimensional questionnaire measuring the antecedents of EI and Entrepreneurial Education Intention (EEI). The tool consists in a self-administered online questionnaire that has been built in accordance with the Theory of Planned Behavior in entrepreneurship research. It includes 54 items adapted by others studies or created by the authors and it has been administered to college students and graduates (N = 70). Cronbach's Alpha and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were performed using SPSS v23. The value of Cronbach's Alpha and the CFA confirmed the internal stability of the questionnaire, even if the post hoc diagnostic information forced the authors to remove some items with a low value of their standardized regression weights and to estimate some within-factor correlated errors to improve model fit. Although the number of subjects involved in the study was small, this pilot study shows a good internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire. (C) 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.U
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