1,721,020 research outputs found
Sleep enhances strategic thinking at the expense of basic procedural skills consolidation
No full textRecent studies show that sleep facilitates the learning of complex cognitive skills. Here, we assess the effect of sleep on performance in an ecological, multi-componential task, which requires subjects to trace on a screen as many words as possible with 16 letters, some of which (“bonuses”) multiply the value of letters or words containing them. In a within-subjects design, 23 healthy adults underwent training and retest, with a retention period (approximately 8 hr) spent awake (WK, with training in the morning and retest in the afternoon) or asleep (SL, with training in the evening and retest in the morning). The main performance measure (GLOB) results from the total value of the letters used, the number of words, their length and the strategic use of bonus letters. An additional measure (WORDS, i.e., the proportion of words correctly detected over all detectable words) was also used, mainly reflecting procedural rather than strategic skills. In WK, although GLOB increased at retest, a significant improvement emerged only for WORDS, whereas in SL only GLOB was enhanced. In WK, the GLOB improvement appears to depend on the increase in the number of words detected (GLOB and WORDS improvement measures were positively associated), whereas in SL this association was not observed, indicating a shift to more complex but more rewarding strategies. Our data contribute to the understanding of everyday life learning processes by suggesting that sleep benefits memories of future relevance and promotes preferential consolidation of strategic skills when this is useful to achieve one's goal
Comparetti a Pisa
No full textIl contributo, basato sulla pubblicazione di materiale inedito, custodito presso la Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze, fa luce sulla situazione degli studi classici in Italia negli anni della svolta unitaria, quando, "fatta l'Italia", bisognò creare un sistema unitario di istruzione, scolastica e universitaria, superando le resistenze locali e le forme di arretratezza diffuse ne paese
Sleep changes following intensive cognitive activity
No full textStudies over the last 40 years have mainly investigated sleep structure changes as a result of wake duration, in the frame of the classical sleep regulation theories. However, wake intervals of the same duration can profoundly differ in their intensity, which actually reflects the degree of cognitive and physical activity. Data on how sleep can be modified by wake intensity changes (initially sparse and of little consistence) have become much more substantial, especially in the frame of the intense research debate on sleep-memory relationships. Our aim is to examine the vast repertoire of sleep modifications that depend on waking cognitive manipulations, highlighting the sleep features that appear most affected. By systematically addressing this issue, we want to set the basis for future research exploring both the specific nature of the mechanisms involved and the applicative psychosocial and clinical fall-outs, in terms of possible behavioural interventions for sleep quality improvement
A hybrid spatiotemporal model of PCa dynamics and insights into optimal therapeutic strategies
Full text linkUsing a hybrid cellular automaton with stochastic elements, we investigate the effectiveness of multiple drug therapies on prostate cancer (PCa) growth. The ability of Androgen Deprivation Therapy to reduce PCa growth represents a milestone in prostate cancer treatment, nonetheless most patients eventually become refractory and develop castration-resistant prostate cancer. In recent years, a “second generation” drug called enzalutamide has been used to treat advanced PCa, or patients already exposed to chemotherapy that stopped responding to it. However, tumour resistance to enzalutamide is not well understood, and in this context, preclinical models and in silico experiments (numerical simulations) are key to understanding the mechanisms of resistance and to assessing therapeutic settings that may delay or prevent the onset of resistance. In our mathematical system, we incorporate cell phenotype switching to model the development of increased drug resistance, and consider the effect of the micro-environment dynamics on necrosis and apoptosis of the tumour cells. The therapeutic strategies that we explore include using a single drug (enzalutamide), and drug combinations (enzalutamide and everolimus or cabazitaxel) with different treatment schedules. Our results highlight the effectiveness of alternating therapies, especially alternating enzalutamide and cabazitaxel over a year, and a comparison is made with data taken from TRAMP mice to verify our findings
La cultura classica a Napoli nell'ottocento. Premessa di M. Gigante ; Momenti della storia degli studi classicifra ottocento e novecento. A cura di M. Capasso, S. Cerasuolo, M. L. Chirico, G. Giannantoni, M. Gigante, P. Giordano, Ε. Paratore, At. Salvatore. Premessa di M. Gigante
No full textMund-Dopchie Monique. La cultura classica a Napoli nell'ottocento. Premessa di M. Gigante ; Momenti della storia degli studi classicifra ottocento e novecento. A cura di M. Capasso, S. Cerasuolo, M. L. Chirico, G. Giannantoni, M. Gigante, P. Giordano, Ε. Paratore, At. Salvatore. Premessa di M. Gigante. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 58, 1989. p. 595
Using Machine Learning for Motion Analysis to Early Detect Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Full text link- …
