847 research outputs found
Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains circulating in hospital setting: wholegenome sequencing and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis for outbreak investigations
No full textCarbapenems resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections are increasing worldwide representing an emerging public health problem. The application of phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses to bacterial whole genome sequencing (WGS) data have become essential in the epidemiological surveillance of multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens. In this study, K. pneumoniae KPC strains circulating within different wards of the University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico were collected and WGS applied.
These applications could help in the epidemiological surveillance of MDR pathogens to discern outbreak from non-outbreak strains in both community and hospital settings. The aim was to infer the origin and the spread of K. pneumoniae nosocomial strains and to clarify the epidemiological transmission as so as the eventual reservoir in the hospital setting supporting the epidemiological surveillance and infections control strategies.
Among patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), patients have investigated infections by KPC K. pneumoniae and endoscope were sampled to check the correct duedonoscope reprocessing.
A microbiological surveillance on duedonoscope was performed.
Between January 2012 and February 2013, twenty-one multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae strains, were collected from patients hospitalized among different wards of the University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico. Epidemiological contact tracing of patients and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of bacterial WGS data were used to investigate the evolution and spatial dispersion of K. pneumoniae in support of hospital infection control. The epidemic curve of incident K. pneumoniae cases showed a bimodal distribution of cases with two peaks separated by 46 days between November 2012 and January 2013. The time-scaled phylogeny suggested that K. pneumoniae strains isolated during the study period may have been introduced into the hospital setting as early as 2007. Moreover, the phylogeny showed two different epidemic introductions in 2008 and 2009.
The results of the sampling performed highlighted a first multi-microbial contamination supported by MDR organism (K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumanii) eliminated from the introduction of the new reprocessing protocols.
Due to the complex design of duodenoscopes, it is difficult an adequate disinfection of the channels. Duodenoscopes can be difficult to dry and a potential risk of cross contamination is higher using this type of endoscope. New duodenoscope designs should facilitate more efficient disinfection, FDA has identified design features that facilitate cleaning, disinfection and sterilization and reduce the likelihood of retaining debris. Bayesian genomic epidemiology is a powerful tool that promises to improve the surveillance and control of multi-drug resistant pathogens in an effort to develop effective infection prevention in healthcare settings or constant strains reintroduction
“but I am also influenced by no such thing”-The Radical Pietist and Theological Author Johanna Eleonora Petersen
No full textJohanna Eleonora von und zu Merlau, verheiratete Petersen, von jeher tief gläubig, veränderte die religiöse Welt des 17. Jahrhunderts. Sie bekannte sich zur Bewegung des Pietismus und vertrat radikale Ansichten, nicht nur im privaten Kreis, sondern als anerkannte und heftig kritisierte theologische Autorin. Ihrem Werk ist eine Studie gewidmet, in der neue Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt und Leben und Werk dieser bedeutenden Autorin in zeitgenössische Diskurse eingebunden werden.The deeply devout Johanna Eleonora Petersen, whose maiden name was „von und zu Merlau,” changed the religious world of the seventeenth century. She avowed herself to Pietism and held radical views, not only in private but also as an acknowledged and sharply criticized theological author. This study attends to her work. It presents new research results and weaves the life and work of this important author into contemporary discourses
La notion de défectuosité du produit dans les jurisprudences des pays européens
No full textThis work analyses the notion of defective product originally developed by US Courts, then ambiguously defined by the European directive n. 374 of 1985 and differently interpreted and applied by the respective domestic Courts. In particular, some European jurisdictions apply the risk / utility test introduced by the US Courts for design defects cases, although this test is not mentioned by the European Directive. The author, having highlighted the inconsistences of the risk / utility test, proposes an alternative model of classification of defective products according to the elements actually used by judges in order to allocate the liability, as emerging from the text of their decisions. This classification leads to held the manufacturer strictly liable not only for manufacturing defects, but also for those design defects which he was aware of (as in some cases of defective vaccine).Cette étude examine la notion de défectuosité du produit initialement élaborée par les Cours américaines, définie de manière ambigüe par le législateur européen avec la directive n° 374 de 1985, puis différemment interprétée et appliquée par les Cours respectives des pays membres. Notamment certains systèmes juridiques européens appliquent le risk/ utility test élaboré par les Cours américaines pour les cas de défaut de conception du produit, bien que ce test ne soit pas mentionné par la directive européenne. L’auteur, après avoir mis en évidence les incongruences du risk/ utility test, propose un modèle alternatif de classification des cas de produits défectueux sur la base des critères d’imputation de la responsabilité qui sont concrètement utilisés par les juges et tels qu’imagés dans les textes de leurs décisions. Cette reconstruction amène à imputer au fabricant une responsabilité objective non seulement pour les cas de défaut de production, mais aussi pour les cas de défaut de conception dont il était averti (tel que certain cas de vaccin défectueux).Rajneri Karageorgevitch Eleonora. La notion de défectuosité du produit dans les jurisprudences des pays européens. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 67 N°1,2015. pp. 185-205
TO THE JUBILEE OF PROFESSOR STEPANOVA ELEONORA FEDOROVNA
No full textThe article is devoted to the anniversary of Professor Eleonora Fedorovna Stepanova – a bright representative of the Russian intelligentsia: a talented lecturer, an inventor, an author of numerous books, an internationally recognized scholar
Studio di un rivelatore di particelle cariche con elevata efficienza e di piccola massa da posizionare su fasci di particelle neutre ad alta intensita'
No full textSi vuole studiare un prototipo di sistema di veto da usare per lo studio di decadimenti completamente neutri del mesone K.
Le caratteristiche richieste per tale sistema di veto delle tracce cariche potrebbero essere soddisfatte da semplici scintillatori plastici ma questi non potrebbero soddisfare le condizioni di trasparenza necessaria ad evitare di introdurre un rate eccessivo di interazioni addizionali. Una possibile alternativa e' data da rivelatori a gas operati a bassa pressione che potrebbero consentire la trasparenza richiesta. La tolleranza ad alti flussi diventa, in questo caso, la
richiesta piu' critica ma puo' essere soddisfatta adottando una cella di piccole dimensioni e una configurazione con bassa amplificazione.
Per questo motivo si propone di sviluppare una nuova camera proporzionale con le caratteristiche descritte
che impieghi una lettura ottica in grado di rivelare il piccolo segnale atteso dalla camera e che semplifichi il sistema di
elettronica di front-end
Author response
No full textHebb's idea of a cell assembly as the fundamental unit of neural information processing has dominated neuroscience like no other theoretical concept within the past 60 years. A range of different physiological phenomena, from precisely synchronized spiking to broadly simultaneous rate increases, has been subsumed under this term. Yet progress in this area is hampered by the lack of statistical tools that would enable to extract assemblies with arbitrary constellations of time lags, and at multiple temporal scales, partly due to the severe computational burden. Here we present such a unifying methodological and conceptual framework which detects assembly structure at many different time scales, levels of precision, and with arbitrary internal organization. Applying this methodology to multiple single unit recordings from various cortical areas, we find that there is no universal cortical coding scheme, but that assembly structure and precision significantly depends on the brain area recorded and ongoing task demands
Analisi farmaco-epidemiologica e valutazione farmacoeconomica sulla prescrizione di gonadotropine nella PMA e nel trattamento dell’infertilità
No full textThe new Chikungunya virus outbreak in Italypossibly originated from a single introductionfrom Asia
No full textPhylogeny of culex theileri virus flavivirus in Spain, Myanmar, Portugal and Turkey
No full textObjective: To study the genetic diversity of Culex theileri flavivirus and the spread of this virus among Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Methods: A database consisting of 55 sequences of the NS5/3’UTR region of Culex theileri flavivirus group downloaded from GenBank were aligned and manual edited with Bioedit. ModelTest v. 3.7 was used to select the simplest evolutionary model that adequately fitted the sequence data. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using MEGA7. The phylogenetic signal of the dataset was investigated by the likelihood mapping analysis. Results: The phylogenetic tree showed three clusters. Myanmar sequences clusterd together with Turkish sequences, Spain and Portugal strains grouped together and two Turkish sequences grouped separately. Selective pressure analysis showed a moderate percentage of sites (22.5%) under pervasive negative selection and only 1% under pervasive positive selection. The sites subject to selective pressure in CTFV RdRp NS5 fragments have been located onto the predicted three-dimensional structure. Conclusions: Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis can be an important tool for understanding the evolutionary impact of the probable contemporary existence between non-pathogenic and pathogenic flaviviruses among these vectors
The impact of viral molecular diversity on the clinical presentation and outcome of acute hepatitis B in Italy
No full text: The incidence of acute hepatitis B (AHB) in Italy, mostly sustained by hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype D, has significantly decreased in the last two decades, but the new HBV strains introduced through immigrant populations from countries with a higher endemicity constitute a new emergency. HBV-genotype D still predominates in AHB, the subgenotype D3 being associated with parenteral transmission, and the recently emerging subgenotype A2 with unsafe sexual intercourse. Genetic, phylogenetic and evolutional analyses are powerful tools for countries with high immigration rates to monitor new viral strains with different aggressiveness and a different response to therapy
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