920 research outputs found
Sensitive to Reasons: Moral Intuition and the Dual Process Challenge to Ethics
No full textThis dissertation is a contribution to the field of empirically informed metaethics, which combines the rigorous conceptual clarity of traditional metaethics with a careful review of empirical evidence. More specifically, this work stands at the intersection of moral psychology, moral epistemology, and philosophy of action. The study comprises six chapters on three distinct (although related) topics. Each chapter is structured as an independent paper and addresses a specific open question in the literature. The first part concerns the psychological features and cognitive function of moral intuition. Chapter 1 (“Moral intuition, strength, and metacognition”) is focused on the concept of intuitive strength, which is one of the defining features of moral intuition. I provide a metacognitive account of intuitive strength and show why such a view is preferable to emotional or quasi-perceptual accounts. Then, in Chapter 2 (“Dual process reflective equilibrium”), I will discuss the interplay between intuition and reflection in moral reasoning. I will contend that the influential “default-interventionist” model of reasoning, theorized by Greene, is insufficiently supported by the evidence. In light of some recent studies, I outline an account of moral reasoning in which intuition and reflection are not in conflict but cooperate to reach a reflective goal. I call this model dual process reflective equilibrium. The aim of the first part is descriptive, i.e., it argues for an accurate understanding of moral intuition and reasoning in light of the available empirical evidence. In contrast, the second part addresses a normative question: is a subject epistemically justified in forming a belief on the basis of a moral intuition? Skeptics of moral intuition argue that accepting moral intuitions should be the exception rather than the rule to the extent that epistemically defective processes determine the content of moral intuitions. Chapter 3 (“Moral intuitionism and the reliability challenge”) introduces the recent empirical challenges to the reliability of moral intuitions and elaborates a promising strategy for defending intuitionism. In short, I consider whether subjects can track the reliability of their intuitions with their confidence. In Chapter 4 (“The argument from limited cognitive resources”), I evaluate a different strategy to defend moral intuitionism. Specifically, I develop an argument according to which accepting moral intuitions is legitimate because it is the most rational option that a subject has, given her limited resources. The third and final part of the dissertation concerns the role of moral intuitions in action. The influence of automatic processes on moral conduct raises different challenges to moral philosophy. The first challenge is to explain how a subject can be motivated by certain values without the mental effort of deliberation. Chapter 5 (“Caring, moral motivation, and automatic conduct”) tackles this issue. Chapter 6 (“Moral sensitivity as skillful automaticity”) aims to explain how moral agents can be sensitive to good reasons through automatic mental processes
Stress Analysis of Bulk Carrier Hatch Corners
No full textOne of the most frequent damage cause for bulk carrier ships is represented by high stress
concentrations occurring in deck plating close to hatch corners in way of coaming stay. In this
area many fractures are found during surveys which are generated mainly by three types of
problems:
• stress concentration in correspondence of deck large openings;
• bad design of stays;
• different thickness between transversal and external deck plates.
The typical approach followed by IACS classification societies consists in a wide range of
qualitative suggestion (transversal stiffening for transversal deck strip, elliptical hatch corner
etc.) and a very simple formula providing the extra thickness of the hatch corner compulsory
insert.
This solution seems to be inadequate to face this phenomenon and a better knowledge is
mandatory to understand which parameters are more influent on stress distribution and
concentration.
The purpose of the analysis herein presented is to identify most important parameters and to
study their influence, in order to develop a more sophisticate procedure to be used in
preliminary design stage.
The investigation has been developed starting from the analysis of five different bulk carriers,
selected on the basis of their geometric and structural properties, and modeled with FEM
software Leonardo hull 3D v. 2.4.1.
The analysis has been divided into two sub-problems:
• study of b/B ratio influence (hatch breadth versus ship breadth);
• study of lw/b ratio influence (cross deck length versus hatch breadt)..
Two different series of FEM models have been realized:
Global models of the hull extended to a portion of three cargo holds;
Simplified models with increasing refinement degree.
All global models have a relatively coarse mesh and are loaded with a wide number of
loading condition (homogeneous, heavy and light ballast, alternate ore) corresponding to
relevant RINA load cases in order to maximize the effects. For what simplified models are concerned four different types of models have been analysed:
a) The first model consists in a simple plate with a rectangular opening and two longitudinal
box structures simulating the wing tanks. All the parts of the model have a constant thickness.
b) A second series of models has then been created, similar to the first one, adding a coaming
around the hatch opening. As in the first case the thickness has been maintained constant.
c) The third series is similar to the first one but the thicknesses of the lateral deck strip and of
the cross deck have different values, according to the real case.
d) The fourth series is similar to the second one. Again deck plates have different thicknesses. For all the models the results have been processed to calculate stress concentration factors “k”
(defined as longitudinal stress close to hatch corner versus theoretical hull girder stress) for all
selected loading conditions.
From the “k” coefficients obtained for every model, a “stress concentration surface”, as a
function of b/B and w/b, has been drawn and expressed by a simplified formula
Analisi dello stato di tensione delle boccaporte di navi da carico Bulk Carriers
No full textOwing to the hull structure complexity and severe load conditions, bulk carrier ships are the subject of an intense research activity by Classification Societies and research centres. Many problems affecting this kind of vessel derive from loading and unloading operations, corrosion and fatigue phenomena and, sometimes, the age of the ship.
For what the structural strength is concerned, one of the typical failure causes for bulk carriers is represented by high stress concentrations occurring in deck plating close to hatch corners in way of coaming stay.
The aim of this work, performed in cooperation between the Registro Italiano Navale (RINA) and the Department of Naval Architecture and Ship Construction of the University of Genova, is to investigate the stress distribution close to hatch corners in a systematic way, in order to determine and quantify the influence of the selected parameters on this phenomenon
Parametric investigation on stress concentrations of bulk carrier hatch corners
No full textOwing to the hull structure complexity and severe load conditions, bulk carrier ships are the subject of an in-tense research activity by Classification Societies and research centres. Many problems affecting this kind of vessel derive from loading and unloading operations, corrosion and fatigue phenomena and, sometimes, the age of the ship.
For what the structural strength is concerned, one of the typical failure causes for bulk carriers is represented by high stress concentrations occurring in deck plating close to hatch corners in way of coaming stay.
The aim of this work, performed in cooperation by the Registro Italiano Navale (RINA) and the Department of Naval Architecture and Ship Construction of the University of Genova, is to investigate the stress distribu-tion close to hatch corners in a systematic way, in order to determine and quantify the influence of the select-ed parameters on this phenomeno
The symbols in the poetry of ruben dario
No full text碩士本論文主要分為三個章節，第一章，何為象徵符號？本章節主要藉由象徵理論學家，威爾伯 (Wilbur Marshall Urban)、弗萊(Northrop Frye)、托多羅夫(Tzvetan Todorov)、賽洛特(Juan-Eduardo Cirlot)以及其他學者的相關文獻解釋象徵符號的定義以及象徵符號在文學作品中的定義。
第二章針對達里歐的生平、作品以及達里歐在現實主義時期的重要性為論述重點。筆者根據達里歐的生平以及生長年代來了解他的作品特色，達里歐一生多采多姿，尤其感情方面更為豐富，這些人生際遇皆影響達里歐的寫作風格。達里歐不只是詩人，也是歷史的見證者，從他的作品中可以看到政治歷史的變化趨勢。達里歐著作極為豐富，筆者在本章節挑選三本可以代表達里歐的作品：《藍》(Azul)、《每日詩》(Prosas profanes)以及《生命與希望之歌》(Cantos de vida y esperanza)。達里歐與現實主義有著密不可分的關係，他的寫作風格不僅受到現實主義作家的影響，同時也是影響現實主義作家的重要人士之一。
第三章筆者不僅針對達里歐的詩集作品分析，同時也分析其散文作品，如《稀奇》(Los raros)。筆者將經常出現於達里歐作品中的象徵符號分為三個部分：顏色符號、禽鳥符號和寶石符號。顏色符號部分主要分析的顏色為藍色、綠色、白色以及黑色。禽鳥符號則針對天鵝、鴿子、孔雀和老鷹。而最後的寶石符號則以珠寶、寶石、鑽石、琥珀、黃金和水晶為主要分析內容。
最後筆者希望藉由這篇論文的研究，能讓大家了解象徵符號經由作家的詮釋，即使相同的符號，也擁有不同的意義。此外也希望大家能透過此篇論文認識文學史上重要的拉丁美洲作家盧本達里歐先生。In this thesis we explore definitions of symbols and the life of the author in the book of Ruben Dario. Dario is an author who emphasized the importance of the use of symbols though out his books. Therefore we might consider him as a master specialized in writing with symbols.
We divide the thesis into three chapters. In the first chapter, we give details to the definition of the symbols. According to scholars like Urban, Frye, Todorov and Cirlot, we are able to understand symbols in forms of signs, images and words. The concept of the symbols is relatively comprehensive, taking into consideration that a symbol is not always a sign; in fact, it is much more than a sign.
In the second chapter, we describe Ruben Dario about his life, literary works and the times when he lived. His life was interesting, colorful and varied. He was not only a poet but a public figure, having been an ambassador of Nicaragua in Spain. Dario wrote many pieces and each was important to him. Based on his narration, there are three books that can represent Ruben Dario, Azul, Prosas profanas and Cantos de vida y esperanza.
Dario was the master of Modernism, mainly because of the great influence of Latin America. Not only did Ruben Dario influence the poets of Modernism but was influenced by other poets in the same period.
In the last chapter we examine the symbols in the poetry of Dario and we divided the symbols into three parts: the colors, birds and precious stones. The first part, we examine the colors. There are blue, green, and black. In the second part, we deal with the symbols of birds, including swans, pigeons, peacocks and eagles. And in the last part, we talk about precious stones. We analyze the symbols of agate, ruby, diamond, crystal and gold. Finally, we end up with the conclusions and bibliography.INTRODUCCION 1
Motivo y objetivo 1
Metodologia de trabajo 3
CAPITULO I: ¿QUE SON LOS SIMBOLOS? 5
1.1 Teorias del simbolo 6
1.2 Los simbolos en la literatura 15
CAPITULO II: RUBEN DARIO Y SU OBRA POETICA 22
2.1 Vida 22
2.2 Obra literaria 28
2.3 Ruben Dario y el Modernismo 35
CAPITULO III: LOS SIMBOLOS EN LA POESIA DE RUBEN DARIO 40
3.1 Colores 40
3.2 Aves 45
3.3 Piedras preciosas 59
CONCLUSION 72
BIBLIOGRAFIA 77
ANEXOS 83學號: 698120028, 學年度: 10
’The Prison and the Factory’ Revisited (2017): Penality and the Critique of Political Economy Between Marx and Foucault
No full textAn assessment of the "fortune" of the book by Dario Melossi and Massimo Pavarini, The Prison and the Factory, 40 years after the original publication. In particular, the author deals with the relationship with the work by Michel Foucault and the linkages of both to the Marxist tradition
Neuronal polarity selection by topography-induced focal adhesion control
No full textInteraction between differentiating neurons and the extracellular environment guides the establishment of cell polarity during nervous system development. Developing neurons read the physical properties of the local substrate in a contact-dependent manner and retrieve essential guidance cues. In previous works we demonstrated that PC12 cell interaction with nanogratings (alternating lines of ridges and grooves of submicron size) promotes bipolarity and alignment to the substrate topography. Here, we investigate the role of focal adhesions, cell contractility, and actin dynamics in this process. Exploiting nanoimprint lithography techniques and a cyclic olefin copolymer, we engineered biocompatible nanostructured substrates designed for high-resolution live-cell microscopy. Our results reveal that neuronal polarization and contact guidance are based on a geometrical constraint of focal adhesions resulting in an angular modulation of their maturation and persistence. We report on ROCK1/2-myosin-II pathway activity and demonstrate that ROCK-mediated contractility contributes to polarity selection during neuronal differentiation. Importantly, the selection process confined the generation of actin-supported membrane protrusions and the initiation of new neurites at the poles. Maintenance of the established polarity was independent from NGF stimulation. Altogether our results imply that focal adhesions and cell contractility stably link the topographical configuration of the extracellular environment to a corresponding neuronal polarity state
Surface-acoustic-wave counterflow micropumps for on-chip liquid motion control in two-dimensional microchannel arrays
No full textFully controlled liquid injection and flow in hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) two-dimensional microchannel arrays based on on-chip integrated, low-voltage-driven micropumps are demonstrated. Our architecture exploits the surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) induced counterflow mechanism and the effect of nebulization anisotropies at crossing areas owing to lateral propagating SAWs. We show that by selectively exciting single or multiple SAWs, fluids can be drawn from their reservoirs and moved towards selected positions of a microchannel grid. Splitting of the main liquid flow is also demonstrated by exploiting multiple SAW beams. As a demonstrator, we show simultaneous filling of two orthogonal microchannels. The present results show that SAW micropumps are good candidates for truly integrated on-chip fluidic networks allowing liquid control in arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional microchannel arrays
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