1,721,044 research outputs found
Effetti della restrizione calorica e della terapia orale con vancomicina sul microbiota intestinale e sull’assorbimento dei nutrienti
No full textEfficacia e sicurezza del trattamento con Setmelanotide, un agonista del recettore melanocortinico 4, in pazienti con obesità grave causata da mutazioni dei geni LEPR, PCSK1 e POMC
No full textComment to https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30364-
La lipodistrofia familiare parziale di tipo 1 (Sindrome di Köbberling): all’intersezione tra obesità e lipodistrofia
No full textI. Definizione ed eziologia
II. Diagnosi di Sindrome di Köbberling
III. Terapi
Integrating medical and surgical therapies to optimize the outcomes of type 2 diabetes
No full textModern treatment of type 2 diabetes must rely on therapy individualization. Morbid obesity confers an independent excess of risk to diabetes. In these individuals metabolic surgery is an opportunity the physician should consider, especially at the time of the diabetes diagnosis, because of its efficacy and long-term effects. In addition to the possible remission of diabetes, bariatric surgery is also associated with reduced risk of micro- and macrovascular complications. A multidisciplinary team approach is necessary to maximize the beneficial effects and minimize the adverse events of metabolic surgery and to ensure proper follow-up based on the residual possibility of developing complications. In this regard, a consensus on definition of remission must be reached to define the residual risk after antidiabetic drug withdrawal. Finally, randomized clinical trials are deemed necessary to establish the risk-to-benefit profile of glucose-lowering agents for those patients who have remained diabetic or experience a disease relapse
Fuel homeostasis and locomotor behavior: Role of leptin and melanocortin pathways
No full textBACKGROUND:
While it is now accepted that genes and their products affect food intake, the concept that locomotor behavior or the propensity for physical activity is controlled by neuro hum oral regulators is frequently underappreciated. In mammals, complex interactions have developed to allow the cross-talk between fuel homeostasis and physical activity.
AIM:
The aim of this review is to provide a synopsis of the influence of the leptin-melanocortin pathway, a well-studied pivotal player in body weight regulation, on locomotor behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS:
In rodents, reductions in leptin levels that physiologically occur following acute food deprivation or a reduction of the fat mass consequent to prolonged caloric restrictions are associated with a decrease in total locomotor activity and simultaneous increase in food-anticipatory activity, a locomotor behavior which reflects a foraging attitude. These actions can be prevented by leptin administration and are at least partially mediated by the neurons of the melanocortin pathway. In humans, twin studies have attributed to genetic factors approximately 50 % of the variance of physical activity. An elevated number of the genes or loci which may affect physical activity are involved in body weight homeostasis. Polymorphisms of the melanocortin-4 and leptin receptors have repeatedly been associated with the level of physical activity. Unraveling the complexity of the regulation of locomotor behavior and the interconnections with the pathways involved in energy homeostasis may help explain the substantial individual variability in physical activities in humans and disentangle the harmful effects of sedentary lifestyle, which may be distinct from the detrimental effects of obesity
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