4,967 research outputs found
Florida Historical Quarterly Podcast 34: Summer 2017
No full textIn this episode, Dr. Daniel Murphree interviews author Derek R. Everett, a faculty member at the Metropolitan State University of Denver and Colorado State University. In the interview, Everett discusses his article titled, “The Mouse and the State House: Intersections of Florida Capitols and Walt Disney World,” that was published in the Summer 2017 issue of the Florida Historical Quarterly.https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq-podcast/1034/thumbnail.jp
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Cloudiness over the Mountains of the Western United States: Variability and Influences on Snowmelt and Streamflow
No full textThis dissertation demonstrates the uses of satellite and surface observations, in tandem with hydrologic modeling, to characterize daily-to-interannual cloudiness variability and its influence on spring-summer snowmelt and streamflow fluctuations over the mountains of the western United States from 1996 to 2015. Daily cloudiness variations can exceed 50% of long-term averages during the springtime. When aggregated over three-month periods, cloudiness varies by ±10% of long-term averages in many locations. Rotated empirical orthogonal functions (REOFs) analysis indicates the first five REOFs account for ~67% of the total variance, each of which has distinct regional and seasonal emphases. Each of the REOF modes associates with anomalous large scale atmospheric circulation patterns and one or more large-scale teleconnection indices, which helps to explain why anomalous cloudiness patterns take on regional spatial scales and contain substantial variability over seasonal time scales.Cloud cover indices (CC) are, to some extent, related linearly to snowmelt (ΔSWE) and snow-fed streamflow (ΔQ) fluctuations. Local CC-ΔSWE and CC-ΔQ associations vary with time and location, with the dominance of negative correlations between CC and ΔSWE, exemplifying the cloud-shading (or clear-sky) effect on snowmelt. The magnitude of CC-ΔSWE association (R2) amounts to 5%-56%, typically peaking in May. These associations fade earlier in summer during dry years than wet years, indicating the differing responses of higher vs. lower snowpack. The CC-ΔQ association displays less consistent arrangement, with R2 amounting to 2%-47%. The ΔSWE and ΔQ fluctuations exhibit spatially extensive patterns of correlations with daily CC anomalies, indicating the effects of cloudiness often operate over regional scales.On a watershed scale, cloudiness variability redistributes the seasonal runoff and hastens the spring onset by 1-3 days. Higher elevation cloudiness exerts a greater influence on the basin runoff than lower elevation cloudiness does. Overall, cloudiness delays spring onset by 2-15 days regardless of the elevation. Lastly, the experiment on the intensification of cloudiness fluctuations suggests greater streamflow sensitivity to the “relatively cloudy periods get cloudier” scheme than to the “relatively clear periods get clearer” scheme, with the former producing 3-5 days later spring onsets
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Key to the genera of Buprestidae of the western United States of America
No full textDaniel R. Clark, Joshua J. Vlach, James R. Labonte, Oregon Department Of Agriculture.Title from PDF cover (viewed on December 11, 2020).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Author correction: obesity and ethnicity alter gene expression in skin
No full textDaniel Butler was omitted from the author list in the original version of this Article. The Author contributions section now reads: “J.M.W. designed, conducted, and contributed to the writing of the manuscript, prepared Fig. 1. S.G. evaluated and did statistical analysis on the skin and fat samples, prepared Figs. 2–9. J.O.A. evaluated and contributed to writing the manuscript. D.B prepared and sequenced DNA libraries for the skin microbiota data, and wrote the applicable parts of the methods section. C.M. analyzed and wrote up the skin microbiota data, prepared Fig. 10. All authors have read the manuscript and approved its contents. D.D. analyzed and wrote up the skin microbiota data. S.Z. ran and analyzed the skin metabolite data. J.S. assisted in design, analysis and wrote up the skin metabolite data. J.K. assisted in analysis write up of skin and fat data. J.L.B. assisted in analysis, interpretation and writing of the manuscript. P.R.H. designed, analyzed, interpreted the data, and was the primary author of the manuscript.” This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Information file.</p
Key to the genera of the Cerambycidae of western North America
No full textJames R. LaBonte, Joshua B. Dunlap, Daniel R. Clark, Thomas E. Valente, Joshua J. Vlach, Oregon Department of Agriculture.Title from PDF cover (viewed on October 20, 2021).Covers OCLC #1277514227 and OCLC #1226522396.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Geobacter sulfurreducens inner membrane cytochrome transcriptional and phenotypic data
No full textThe data files include raw data as well as analyzed results for transcriptional analysis of WT G. sulfurreducens and mutant lacking BccR (GSU0598) under fumarate vs iron citrate growth conditions. This dataset also includes the phenotypic data files for experiments associated with this project.Geobacter sulfurreducens utilizes extracellular electron acceptors such as Mn(IV), Fe(III), syntrophic partners, and electrodes that vary from +0.4 to −0.3 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE), representing a potential energy span that should require a highly branched electron transfer chain. Here we describe CbcBA, a bc-type cytochrome essential near the thermodynamic limit of respiration when acetate is the electron donor. Mutants lacking cbcBA ceased Fe(III) reduction at −0.21 V vs. SHE, could not transfer electrons to electrodes between −0.21 and −0.28 V, and could not reduce the final 10% – 35% of Fe(III) minerals. As redox potential decreased during Fe(III) reduction, cbcBA was induced with the aid of the regulator BccR to become one of the most highly expressed genes in G. sulfurreducens. Growth yield (CFU/mM Fe(II)) was 112% of WT in ∆cbcBA, and deletion of cbcL (an unrelated bc-cytochrome essential near −0.15 V) in ΔcbcBA increased yield to 220%. Together with ImcH, which is required at high redox potentials, CbcBA represents a third cytoplasmic membrane oxidoreductase in G. sulfurreducens. This expanding list shows how metal-reducing bacteria may constantly sense redox potential to adjust growth efficiency in changing environments.Office of Naval Research: N00014-16-1-2194, and N00014-18-1-2632.Joshi, Komal; Chan, Chi Ho; Bond, Daniel R. (2021). Geobacter sulfurreducens inner membrane cytochrome transcriptional and phenotypic data. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/5AMD-ZW33
Ethnic identity, political identity and ethnic conflict: simulating the effect of congruence between the two identities on ethnic violence and conflict
No full textThis thesis outlines and presents an alternative hypothetical process to the emergence of ethnic conflict. Ethnic conflicts, rather than being dependent upon pre-existing 'ancient hatreds', are instead the result of a congruence between ethnic and political identity which grants individuals the ability to use ethnicity to identify and eliminate political threats. This hypothesis is formed by the examination of three case studies of ethnic conflict: Lebanon, Northern Ireland and Croatia. This hypothesis is then formalised and tested using an agent based simulation in which agent interactions are dependent upon ethnic and political identity and the congruence between the two. As predicted there was a strong positive correlation between how accurately ethnic identity reflected political identity and the level of ethnically motivated violence in the simulation, although the relationship was not linear. Furthermore the effect of a shift in congruence was found to be roughly comparable to the effect of initialising agents with a moderate level of pre-existing ethnic antagonism
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Wildfires, Floods, and Climate Variability
No full textThe first chapter surveys fire and fuels managers at local, regional, and national levels. Survey results in the form of fire managers’ decision calendars show how climate information needs vary seasonally, over space, and through the organizational network. The study identifies opportunities to use climate information in fire management, including seasonal to inter-annual climate forecasts at all organizational levels, to improve the targeting of fuels treatments and prescribed burns, the positioning and movement of initial attack resources, and staffing and budgeting decisions.The second chapter analyzes National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) data to quantify the economic impacts of flooding across the western United States from 1978 to 2007. The study compares National Flood Insurance Program data to National Weather Service measures of total damages, and presents a spatial and temporal analysis of daily claims and loss data over this period. The NFIP data reveals that a small number winter-season extreme hydrologic events, covering wide spatial areas, are responsible for a large proportion of total losses. In coastal southern California and across the southwest, El Niño conditions have had a strong effect in producing more frequent and higher magnitudes of insured losses while La Niña conditions significantly reduce both the frequency and magnitude losses. In the Pacific Northwest, the opposite pattern appears, though the effect is somewhat weaker, and less spatially coherent.The third chapter quantifies the economic impacts of flooding due to atmospheric river (AR) events in the western United States from 1978 to 2007, using NFIP claims and loss data. The study confirms that AR-related flood events cause significant economic damages and form the primary source of insurance claims and insured flood losses in the western coastal states. It provides spatial and temporal characterizations of damages as a function of integrated vapor transport (IVT) and antecedent hydrologic conditions.As the magnitude and frequency of wildfire and flood events change in response to anthropogenic climate change, and as economic and demographic contributions to vulnerability increase over time, public policy must adapt to respond. The results in these papers may be used to inform policies to mitigate losses and respond to future disaster scenarios, and may be of interest to policy makers and applied climate researchers alike
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Empirical approaches for near-term climate predictions
No full textClimate variations on seasonal to decadal time scales can have enormous social, economical and environmental impacts. As such, the ability to make skilful and reliable climate predictions at these time scales offers many benefits for climate preparedness, adaptation and resilience. In the recent years, major progress has been made in the development of such predictions with the advent of simulations with global climate models that are initialized from the current climate state. However, many challenges remain including an understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms for skilful predictions and whether such predictions could be improved. The purpose of this thesis is to establish new benchmarks for seasonal to decadal predictions in diverse components of the climate system and to provide some pieces of evidence that help to understand what are the drivers for these predictable patterns. Specifically, we use a suite of empirical models to perform predictions of oceanic and atmospheric variables together with initialized climate predictions to: 1. Understand the contribution of remote and local factors to the predictability of North and Tropical Pacific Oceans Sea Surface Temperature and Land Surface Temperature over Western North America; 2. Provide a higher baseline level skill for the state-of-art global prediction systems, from seasonal to decadal time scales; 3. Explore possible sources of errors in the global climate model simulations using statistical predictive models.First, we isolate contributions to the forecast skill from different spatial and time scales in the Pacific Ocean using a Liner Inverse Modelling (LIM) approach, showing the importance of temporal scale interactions in improving the predictions on decadal time scales. Specifically, we show that the Extratropical North Pacific is a source of predictability for the tropics on seasonal to interannual time scales, while the tropics enhance the forecast skill for the decadal component. We then show that the skill for an empirically-built LIM is comparable to and sometimes better than that from two state-of-art global prediction systems, from seasonal to decadal timescales and for several regions around the globe. These results indicate that the evolution of the system in those areas may not be not fully driven by unpredictable dynamics and that there may be some room for improvement in the dynamical models predictions, given that a low-dimensional linear model is able to generate better skill than the fully-coupled nonlinear model. Bearing that in mind, we use the LIM linear feedback matrix to explore possible sources of errors in the dynamical model simulations and we find that some of the simulated atmospheric and oceanic local and remote feedbacks differ in several key regions from that obtained with observations. These results may indicate sources of error in the dynamical models and therefore in its prediction skill that merit focused attention.We then investigate the role of remote and local predictors in seasonal predictors of minimum and maximum air temperatures over the Western North America, using a Canonical Correlation Analysis approach. We show that remote predictors, in the form of Pacific climate modes, provide the best predictive skill for temperature over land, particularly during wintertime. Lastly, considering that persistence is the widely-used measure when evaluating the predictive skill for dynamical models, we suggest the use of CCA as a much higher benchmark for seasonal predictions of land surface air temperatures
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