2 research outputs found
Fructose ingestion impairs expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle’s adaptive response to aerobic exercise
No full textAbstract\ud
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Background\ud
The inverse relationship between exercise capacity and its variation over time and both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality suggests the existence of an etiological nexus between cardiometabolic diseases and the molecular regulators of exercise capacity. Coordinated adaptive responses elicited by physical training enhance exercise performance and metabolic efficiency and possibly mediate the health benefits of physical exercise. In contrast, impaired expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis or protein turnover in skeletal muscle—key biological processes involved in adaptation to physical training—leads to insulin resistance and obesity. Ingestion of fructose has been shown to suppress the exercise-induced GLUT4 response in rat skeletal muscle. To evaluate in greater detail how fructose ingestion might blunt the benefits of physical training, we investigated the effects of fructose ingestion on exercise induction of genes that participate in regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and protein turnover in rat’s skeletal muscle.\ud
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Methods\ud
Eight-week-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (C), exercise (treadmill running)-only (E), fructose-only (F), and fructose + exercise (FE) groups and treated accordingly for 8 weeks. Blood and quadriceps femoris were collected for biochemistry, serum insulin, and gene expression analysis. Expression of genes involved in regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy, GLUT4, and ubiquitin E3 ligases MuRF-1, and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 were assayed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.\ud
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Results\ud
Aerobic training improved exercise capacity in both E and FE groups. A main effect of fructose ingestion on body weight and fasting serum triglyceride concentration was detected. Fructose ingestion impaired the expression of PGC-1α, FNDC5, NR4A3, GLUT4, Atg9, Lamp2, Ctsl, Murf-1, and MAFBx/Atrogin-1 in skeletal muscle of both sedentary and exercised animals while expression of Errα and Pparδ was impaired only in exercised rats.\ud
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Conclusions\ud
Our results show that fructose ingestion impairs the expression of genes involved in biological processes relevant to exercise-induced remodeling of skeletal muscle. This might provide novel insight on how a dietary factor contributes to the genesis of disorders of glucose metabolism.This is study was supported by FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Grant Number 2013/06720–5)
The social history of a Midland business : Flower & Sons Brewers, Stratford-upon-Avon, 1870-1914
No full textThis thesis is concerned with brewery workers in England between 1870 and 1914. It
deals with most aspects of labour management and workers' experiences, including
their recruitment, training, promotion, working conditions, benefits and retirement.
Besides being written in a way which mirrors most labourers' working lives, this study
is concerned with these institutions during a dynamic period in a particular industry at a
specific midland firm. Primarily, it examines working conditions and business practices
at Flower & Sons Brewery in Stratford-upon-Avon and the way in which these
evolved in relation to certain scientific and technological developments specific to the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although considering economic and
political conditions in their national scope, this study also emphasises the local context
of employment and business during this period.
Most recent histories of the English brewing industry have examined the state
of the trade at the turn of the century, as well as developments in science and
technology as they related to the trade. Few, however, have had anything to say about
the industry's workers, whether employed in manual or clerical capacities.
Consequently, this study is an attempt to fill a noticeable gap in the existing literature.
However, unlike past histories of labour, this study considers the experiences of the
trade's employees within a business-history framework, while always employing the
broadest possible definition of what constitutes a worker. It is through tracing a
particular firm's financial and administrative past, together with workers' experiences,
roles and duties, that makes this study a social history of a midland business
