431 research outputs found
Key Findings from the Montana Climate Assessment
No full textCathy Whitlock presents Key Findings from the Montana Climate Assessment
Postglacial Fire Frequency and its Relation to Long-Term Vegetational and Climatic Changes in Yellowstone Park
No full textThe Paleoecologic recod provides unique insights into the response of communities to environmental perturbations of different duration and intensity. Climate is a primary agent of environmental change and its long-term effect on the vegetation of the Yellowstone/Grand Teton region is revealed in a network of pollen records (Whitlock, 1993). Fire frequency is controlled by climate, and as climate changes so too does the importance of fire in shaping spatial patterns of vegetation. The prehistoric record of Yellowstone's Northern Range, for example, shows the response of vegetation to the absence of major fires in the last 150 years (Whitlock et al., 1991; Engstrom et al., 1991). In longer records spanning the last 14,000 years, periods of frequent fire are suggested by sediments containing high percentages of fire-adapted trees, including lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir, and high amounts of charcoal (Bamosky et al., 1987; Millspaugh and Whitlock, 1993; Whitlock, 1993). The primary research objective has been to study the vegetational history of Yellowstone and its sensitivity to hanges in climate and fire frequency. This information is necessary to understand better the relative effects of climate, natural disturbance, and human perturbation on the Yellowstone landscape. Fossil pollen and plant macrofossils from dated-lake sediment cores provide information on past vegetation and climate. The frequency of charcoal particles and other fire indicators in dated lake-sediment cores offer evidence of past fires
Postglacial Fire Frequency and its Relation to Long-Term Vegetational and Climatic Changes in Yellowstone Park
No full textThe paleoecologic record provides unique insights into the response of communities to environmental perturbations of different duration and intensity. Climate is a primary agent of environmental change and its long-term effect on the vegetation of the Yellowstone/Grand Teton region is revealed in a network of pollen records. Fire frequency is controlled by climate, and as climate changes so too does the importance of fire in shaping spatial patterns of vegetation. The prehistoric record of Yellowstone's Northern Range, for example, shows the response of vegetation to the absence of major fires in the last 150 years (Whitlock et al., 1991; Engstrom et al., 1991, 1994). In longer records spanning the last 14,000 years, periods of frequent fire are suggested by sediments containing high percentages of fire-adapted trees, including lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir, and high amounts of charcoal (Whitlock, 1993; Whitlock and Bartlein, 1993; Whitlock et al., 1995; Millspaugh and Whitlock, 1995). The primary research objective has been to study the vegetational history of the Yellowstone region and examine the sensitivity of vegetation to changes in climate and fire frequency on different time scales. This information is necessary to understand better the relative effects of climate, natural disturbance, and human perturbation in the present and future. Fossil pollen and plant macrofossils from dated-lake sediment cores provide information on past vegetation and climate. The frequency of charcoal particles and other fire indicators in dated lake-sediment cores offer evidence of past fires. Studies of future climate and vegetation in the Yellowstone region were based on climate simulations produced by general circulation models that incorporate a doubling of carbon dioxide and an equilibrium model to project potential range displacement of selected tree taxa. Relations between present distributions of tree taxa and climate were established by the use of response surfaces. The study has been divided into three parts: (1) an investigation of the vegetation history of Yellowstone National Park (YNP), (2) an analysis of charcoal accumulation in lakes following the 1988 fires and a reconstruction of fire history in central YNP on long time scales, and (3) a study of the potential ranges of tree taxa in the future with global increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. A final report to the UW-NPS Research Center describes the methodology and findings in detail (Whitlock et al., 1994)
Post Glacial Fire Frequency and its Relation to Longterm Vegetational and Climatic Changes in Yellowstone Park
No full textThe paleoecologic record provides unique insights into the response of communities to environmental perturbations of different duration and intensity. Climate is a primary agent of environmental change and its long-term effect on the vegetation of the Yellowstone/Grand Teton region is revealed in a regional network of pollen records. Fire frequency is controlled by climate, and as climate changes, so too does the importance of fire in shaping and maintaining spatial patterns of vegetation. The prehistoric record of Yellowstone's Northern Range, for example, shows the response of vegetation to the absence of major fires in the last 150 years (Whitlock et al. 1991; Engstrom et al. in press). In longer records spanning the last 13,000 years, periods of frequent fires are suggested by sediments containing high percentages of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and high amounts of charcoal (Barnosky et al. 1987; Whitlock in prep.)
Climate Change in Greater Yellowstone with Cathy Whitlock and Steven Hostetler
No full textToday\u27s guests are Dr. Cathy Whitlock, Regents Professor of Paleoecology at Montana State University, and Dr. Steven Hostetler, Hydrologist at the Northern Rocky Mountains Science Center of the US Geological Survey.
These two are the lead authors of the recently published Greater Yellowstone Area Climate Assessment. The front matter of the assessment perhaps says it best: The Greater Yellowstone Climate Assessment draws on the best-available science to provide a basis for understanding the consequences of climate change in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA). Compared to both distant and recent past, temperatures are increasing, snowfall is decreasing, and peak stream flow is occurring earlier. These climate trends are projected to continue and accelerate in the future.https://scholarworks.umt.edu/anewangle_podcasts/1206/thumbnail.jp
A 14,000-Yr Fire History From the Mixed Conifer Forest of Southern Yellowstone National Park
No full textThe Yellowstone region has been divided into geovegetation regions based on characteristics of the vegetation, climate, and geology (Despain, 1990). The Northern Range or Yellowstone-Lamar valleys features open Douglas-fir parkland, summerÂwet conditions, and substrates composed of glacial debris and sedimentary and granitic material. The Central Plateau is an area of lodgepole forest, relatively dry summers, and infertile rhyolite soils. The Absaroka region consists of mixed conifer forest, relatively dry summers, and andesitic and sedimentary rock types. The environmental history of the geovegetation regions, as revealed from a network of pollen and charcoal records, has been equally distinctive (Whitlock, 1993; Whitlock and Bartlein, 1993; Whitlock et al., 1994, 1995). The Northern Range experienced wetter-than-present summers in the early Holocene between 10 and 7 ka (ka = 1000 14C years before present) as a result of intensified monsoonal circulation. The development of Douglas-fir parkland there has occurred with drying in the late Holocene. The paleoecologic record shows few fires in the early Holocene and increased burning in the last 7000 years as the climate became drier (Millspaugh, in prep.). In the Central Plateau, areas of rhyolite supported lodgepole-pine forest for the last 10,000 years with little change. Charcoal data from this region indicate that fires were most frequent in the early Holocene between 10 and 7 ka, when southern and central Yellowstone National Park (YNP) and Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) were warmer and drier than at present. Fire frequency has decreased in the last few millennia with the onset of present-day cool conditions (Millspaugh, in prep.; Whitlock and Millspaugh, in press). Despite these changes in Holocene climate and fire regime the vegetation of the Central Plateau remained a lodgepole pine forest, presumably because of the infertile soils
Brand Whitlock house photograph
No full textThis photograph was taken April 28, 1937, to document the Brand Whitlock House in Champaign County, Ohio, but the photographer shot the wrong house. The photograph's caption reads "Urbana, O. April 28, 1937. Supposed to be the Brand Whitlock House. Champaign County. Wrong House." During World War I, Brand Whitlock served as ambassador to Belgium, where he became close friends with the royal family and earned the nickname "Le Ministre Protecteur." Whitlock was born in Urbana, Ohio, and was a journalist at the Chicago Herald before becoming interested in politics. He worked for several years under Samuel "Golden Rule" Jones, and succeeded Jones as mayor of Toledo in 1905, staying in office until 1913. Whitlock was also an author, writing 18 books during his lifetime, including a 1914 autobiography, 'Forty Years of It.'
This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939
"Ever Devotedly Yours:" The Whitlock-Howells Correspondence
No full textW. D. Howells is known for his encouragement of other authors. This article, largely based upon fifteen manuscript letters in the Rutgers Library, tells us about the relationship between Howells and the American author, Brand Whitlock (1869-1937)
Postglacial Fire Frequency and its Relation to Long Term Vegetational and Climatic Changes in Yellowstone Park
No full textThe paleoecologic record provides unique insights into the response of coinmunities to environmental perturbations of different duration and intensity. Climate is a primary agent of environmental change and its long-term effect on the vegetation of the Yellowstone region is revealed in a network of pollen records. Fire frequency is controlled by climate, and as climate changes so too does the importance of fire in shaping and maintaining spatia\l patterns of vegetation. The prehistoric record of Yellowstone's northern range, for example, shows the response of vegetation to an absence of major fires in the last 150 years (Whitlock et al. 1991; Engstrom et al. 1991). In longer records spanning the last 14,000 year8, periods of frequent fires are suggested ⢠by sediments containing high percentages of fire-adapted trees and high amounts of charcoal (Bamosky et al. 1987)
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