2,134 research outputs found
Convegno internazionale: "Le Marche e il mare. Arte, architettura, paesaggio"
No full textIl convegno internazionale "Le Marche e il mare. Arte, architettura, paesaggio", a cura di Giuseppe Bonaccorso, Claudio Castelletti e Federico Bulfone Gransinigh con la collaborazione di Flavio Stimilli, aspirava a gettare nuova luce sulla fenomenologia culturale del grande tema del mare nelle Marche, dall’Antichità agli anni 2000, dedicando particolare attenzione scientifica alle interpretazioni degli artisti e alle soluzioni degli architetti nell’ampio contesto storico, geografico e paesaggistico del Medio Adriatico
Introduzione
No full textLa produzione artistica e architettonica delle Marche nel Quattrocento si profi la come un fenomeno proteiforme e complesso, tanto da sfuggire a una reductio ad unum della storia e della critica
On farmers’ perceptions of climate change and its nexus with climate data and adaptive capacity. A comprehensive review
No full textFarmers’ perception of climate change is crucial in adaptation intention and process. However, farmers’ perceptions may not be timely, accurate and systematically consistent with the direction and significance of observational records. Although some research compared farmers’ perceptions
and climate data, little attention has been paid to comprehensibly analyse both data sources discrepancies based on empirical studies results. By combining bibliometrics and a systematic review approach, we identify which approaches are used to compare perceived and observed data, how both patterns have been mutually evolved, which factors determine their (in)consistency, and
if their accordance and robustness affect farmers’ adaptive capacity. We analyse a portfolio of 147 papers collected from the Scopus library catalogue since 2000. The bibliometric analysis was coupled with an exploratory analysis of 98 papers selected from the original portfolio. The literature is extensive, fast-growing, and spans several disciplines. We identify four consolidated research lines: (a) perceived risk and farmers’ adaptive capacity nexus, (b) crop vulnerability due to
temperature increase and erratic rainfall patterns, (c) forecasting use and influence in farmers’ decisions, and (d) climate change awareness conditioning farmers’ profiles. Nonetheless, we observe some research gaps: (a) a conceptual mismatch in ‘normal pattern’ or ‘drought’ meaning, (b) poor or limited data from meteorological stations, (c) overlook or oversimplification of local
knowledge in describing perception, (d) farmers’ memory weaknesses to keep track of climate alterations, and (e) a geographical dissonance in favour of Global South regions. Our science-metric study also reveals some research questions to be consolidated: Can the perception of extreme events increase climate change awareness? Can greater awareness reduce discrepancy with
observed data? How do heuristics and socio-psychological filters influence farmers’ awareness and interpretation of climate data? We suggest putting major efforts into reinforcing these research lines as part of a novel domain-dependent trend to reduce the discrepancy
How do irrigation district managers deal with climate change risks? Considering experiences, tipping points, and risk normalization in northern Italy
No full textAgriculture is one of the most sensitive and vulnerable activities to climate variations; climate change impacts crop yield, soil processes, water availability, and pest dynamic. Farmers are on the front lines of climate change-induced stressors, shifts, and shocks, having to provide solutions as planners, performers, and innovators working under challenging and uncertain risk conditions. Extensive research has been carried out to deepen farmers’ behavior on risks posed by climate change. However, less attention was paid to irrigation district managers, even though their essential role in guaranteeing hydraulic safety, ensuring water supply, even as on-site observers of farmers’ behavior. This paper seeks to uncover the attitudes and actions of irrigation districts managers towards climate change, and their ability to gather significant information on the climate experiences of farmers in the Lombardy region, Italy. Employing a mix of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, the exploratory approach gathered insights from the managers of the 12 public irrigation districts tasked with governing irrigation development and water management in the region. The study reveals that managers are cognizant of the shifting climate caused by warmer temperatures and extreme weather events, implementing both hard (e.g. water infrastructure maintenance, water storage) and soft (climate and weather services) adaptation countermeasures. Through their own experiences, managers brought to light the driving factors behind farmers’ willingness to adopt water-saving techniques or adapt their crops, despite facing obstacles (e.g. financial investment, institutional support). In addition, the identification of tipping points related to water scarcity and security is coupled with managers and farmers’ trust in technological solutions to partially counteract risk normalization. In line with the findings, suggestions were put forth to enhance managers’ adaptive capacity
What drives farmers’ behavior under climate change? Decoding risk awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptive capacity in northern Italy
No full textUnderstanding climate change in a precise and timely manner may assist in gauging the occurrence and seriousness of its impacts, thereby boosting the adaptive capacity and responsiveness of farmers. This investigation looks into farmers' knowledge of climate change, their perception of risks and impacts, and the strategies they anticipate to tackle the challenges of adaptation. A well-structured online survey covering risk awareness, perception, and adaptation was used to randomly sample 460 respondents from 12 irrigation districts in northern Italy. Descriptive and multivariate statistics, including structural equation modeling, were employed to outline the profiles of farmers, explore the drivers shaping their behavior, and disentangle the magnitude and direction underpinning their adaptive capacity. Findings revealed that farmers recognize changes in climate and perceive its variability and effects, such as rising temperatures, extreme heat events, and irregular precipitation. Farmers blend adaptive measures, including climate services and insurance, with preventive mechanisms like reducing fertilizer use, rotating and diversifying crops, and introducing soil conservation techniques. However, they encounter obstacles such as poor government assistance, expensive investments and overlay intricate regulations. Regarding decision-making processes, the structural model demonstrated that 1) recognizing climate change can sensibly predict alterations in farmers’ behavior concerning climate impacts while 2) there is a lack of correlation between perceiving risks and implementing risk adaptation measures. Interestingly, factors such as farming experience, farm size, area under irrigation, and primary crop type significantly influence how risks are perceived and what measures are adopted. In light of these results, we offer guidance for upcoming research
Il commercio transadriatico della pietra nella Marche tra tardo medioevo ed epoca moderna
No full textThe paper investigates the trade of imported stone through the Adriatic Sea in the Marche region. The research bases on a purpose-built database that records the stone trade between different locations in the Adriatic basin. For this reason, the paper present a double approach to the study: on the one hand, a quantitative analysis based on the collected data and, on the other hand, a more detailed qualitative analysis of single case studies
Postal de Claudio Vivas a Maruja Vieira, junio 23 de 1955
No full textPostal de Claudio Vivas a Maruja Vieira, felicitándola por el reconocimiento que le fue otorgado a la autora de poemasPostcard from Claudio Vivas to Maruja Vieira, congratulating her for the recognition given to the author of poems.Publicación, fondo Maruja Vieira, carpeta 1, folio
Targeting farmers’ heterogeneity to enrich climate change adaptation policy design: findings from northern Italy
No full textWith its scientifically proven effects and widespread acceptance, climate change stands as one of the most pressing and intricate challenges for society and economies. Farmers are on the frontline of managing climate change. Therefore, how they perceive and respond to climate change shapes their risk assessment and structures future resilience and adaptive capacity. Employing a bottom-up
approach, we conducted 460 surveys randomly among farmers throughout the Lombardy region in northern Italy. A triple-loop approach considering climate change awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptation measures and barriers was implemented to characterize the potential heterogeneity of farmer behaviour and explore whether risk attitudes and adaptation actions differ between farmer profiles. We then profiled farmers through a clustering analysis. Four groups emerged, highlighting farmers’ adaptation preferences and risk attitudes: (1) cropping-adapted and isolated farmers, (2) cooperation-adapted and insecure farmers, (3) risk insurance-adapted and confident farmers, and (4) climate services-adapted and aware farmers. Although the groups vary in terms of farmers’ characterization and farming activities (e.g. young and highly educated vs. old and highly experienced farmers, rainfed vs. irrigated farms), similar patterns were observed regarding climate change awareness and perceived impacts—however, the contrast increased in terms of adaptation
measures and barriers. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse ways in which farmers assess risks and adapt can promote the transferability of bottom-up findings and inform the co-design of tailored and flexible adaptation instruments, minimizing the risk of maladaptation or ineffective transformation in the face of climate change
An agent based decision framework to advance agricultural water management under global change
No full textAgriculture is the major sector responsible for nearly 85 % of consumptive water use worldwide by human, where irrigation water supply is vital for coping with the inherent variability of natural hydro-climatic conditions so as to secure the production of food. However, evidenced by numerous studies, there is a strong trend of climate change, whose impact on agriculture may be multifold. For example, increase of global temperature may trigger long lasting drought events, while change in spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation would lead to less secured water availability. As the population growth is expected to continue, to meet the projected increase of food demand agricultural systems are called to adapt management strategies (e.g., diversifying crop patterns, or modifying irrigation scheduling to increase the water use efficiency) in order to squeeze more food out from a unit of water input, i.e., to follow the soft-path measures.
In our work we contribute a novel decision-analytic framework to assist decision-makers in designing and assessing alternative soft adaptation solutions (e.g., distributed and participatory management, coordination mechanisms, use of medium/long term predictions) in order to improve the overall water productivity. The approach is demonstrated on Lake Como water system where a large regulated lake upstream (supply sector) is connected by an extensive cultivated area downstream (demand sector) through Muzza canal. An Agent-Based agronomic modeling framework is implemented to simulate the distributed physical environment coupled with multiple decision-making authorities, as well as their interaction amongst.
Our results show that the proposed methodology is rigorous and effective for understanding the vulnerability of complex water system, evaluating alternative adaptation measures as well as assessing potential utility of technology advance in supporting agricultural practice
Climate change awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptation from farmers’ experience and behavior: a triple-loop review
No full textIndividuals and communities socially construct risk, and societies with greater risk perception may be more apt to mobilize or adapt to emergent threats like climate change. Increasing climate change awareness is often considered necessary in the first stages of the adaptation process to manage its impacts and reduce overall vulnerability. Since agriculture is affected by climate change in several ways, farmers can provide first-hand observations of climate change impacts and adaptation options. This paper aims to identify the current research trends and set the future research agenda on climate change awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptive capacity from farmers’ experiences and behavior. We analyzed a portfolio of 435 articles collected from WoS and Scopus databases between 2010 and 2020 using bibliometrics. From the original portfolio, we select 108 articles for a more comprehensive and systematic review. Publication trends and content analysis have been employed to identify influential work, delineate the mental structure of farmers’ beliefs and concerns, and identify main research gaps. The comprehensive analysis reported (1) farmers’ socio-demographic characteristics influencing farmers’ perceptions; (2) awareness and changing climate evidence due to human activity; (3) the main perceived effects (rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and extreme events); (4) the most relevant adaptation measures (crop changing and soil/water conservation techniques); and (5) factors and barriers limiting adaptation (lack of information, credit, and expertness). The review outlines the main gaps and their drivers to help future researchers, managers, and decision-makers to prioritize their actions according to farmers’ concerns and their adaptive capacity to reduce farming vulnerability
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