1,721,046 research outputs found
SULLE RETI GEOMORFOLOGICAMENTE BASATE PER LA STIMA DLE DEFLUSSO SUPERFICIALE NEI BACINI NATURALI
No full textD3 receptor agonist efficacy in restless legs syndrome
No full textRestless Legs Syndrome/Willis Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a sleep related movement disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the limbs frequently associated with uncomfortable sensations that usually begin or worsen during inactivity and may be relieved by movement. The pathophysiology of the disorder involves several biological system; in particular, dopaminergic pathway and iron physiology have been extensively studied. Being a chronic condition, long-term treatments are required for an adequate management and strong evidence support the employment of dopamine agonists. D3 receptor agonists are of particular interest, because they act on receptors that are widely expressed in the spinal cord with an inhibitory action on sensory system. Pramipexole, rotigotine and ropinirole act on D3 receptors, even if not selectively, and are effective in reducing sensorimotor symptoms and improving sleep quality. However, despite an initial amelioration patients frequently experience augmentation, i.e., a worsening of symptoms induced by dopamine agonists. This can be explained by the activity of D1 receptor and by the non-selectiveness of D3 agonist drugs. Higher dopamine concentrations tend to activate the excitatory D1-like receptor that are associated with increased motor activity. The development of drugs that selectively target D3 receptors will be fundamental to provide alternative therapeutic strategies and to reduce the occurrence of augmentation
Alcohol abuse and dependence in women: an emerging problem.
No full textReview sugli effetti dell'alcol sul sistema nervoso centrale, con particolare riferimento all'effetto gende
Therapy for Insomnia and Circadian Rhythm Disorder in Alzheimer Disease
No full textPurpose of the review: There is strong evidence for a bidirectional association between sleep disorders and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In particular, insomnia may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for AD. The present review summarizes recent advances in treatment of sleep disorders in AD. Recent findings: Some studies investigated the efficacy and safety of hypnotic agents as ramelteon and mirtazapine to treat sleep disorders in AD but no significant therapeutic effects have been observed. Benzodiazepines are the most frequently used medication for treatment of insomnia but they may cause significant side effects in old subjects. Suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, showed a positive effect on AD insomnia. Recent report suggests an association between trazodone use and delayed cognitive decline in AD. With respect to circadian rhythm disorders, non-pharmacological treatments, especially bright light therapy, could be useful and safe options for treatment in AD. Summary: Some pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments might have benefits in AD patients with sleep disturbances, but further well-designed controlled trials are needed
A case of primery progressive multiple sclerosis like illness in HIV infection: one or two different diseases?
No full textNeurological manifestations as onset of HIV infection are reported in about 6% of all the cases. Only few cases of HIV-positive patients with relapsing remitting MS like disease have been reported in the literature up to now. At our knowledge this case of HIV infection presenting with p-p MS like is the first described, but the coincidence of two different diseases may not ruled out
Restless legs syndrome and Parkinson disease: A causal relationship between the two disorders?
No full textRestless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a common sleep related movement disorder that can be idiopathic or occurs in comorbidity with other medical conditions such as polyneuropathy, iron deficiency anemia, multiple sclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, a growing body of literature investigated the association between RLS/WED and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Several questions regarding the comorbidity between these two disorders are still unanswered. If the insurgence of RLS/WED may precede the onset of PD, or if RLS/WED could represent a secondary condition of PD and if impaired dopaminergic pathway may represent a bridge between these two conditions are still debatable issues. In this review, we critically discuss the relationship between RLS/WED and PD by reviewing cross sectional and longitudinal studies, as well as the role of dopamine in these disorders. A twofold interpretation have to be taken into account: dopaminergic therapy may have a crucial role in the development of RLS/WED in PD patients or RLS/WED can be conceived as an early manifestation of PD rather than a risk factor. Several studies showed a high prevalence of RLS/WED in PD patients and several findings related to dopaminergic and iron alterations in both disorders, however up to now it is difficult to find a point of agreement between studies. A greater number of systematic and strongly controlled longitudinal studies as well as basic pathophysiological investigations particularly in RLS/WED are needed to clarify this complex relationship
ReSuMo: Regression Mutation Testing for Solidity Smart Contracts
No full textMutation testing is a powerful test adequacy assessment technique that can guarantee the deployment of more reliable Smart Contract code. Developers add new features, fix bugs, and refactor modern distributed applications at a quick pace, thus they must perform continuous re-testing to ensure that the project evolution does not break existing functionalities. However, regularly re-running the entire test suite can be time intensive, especially when mutation testing is involved. This paper presents ReSuMo, the first regression mutation testing approach and tool for Solidity Smart Contracts. ReSuMo uses a static, file-level technique to select a subset of Smart Contracts to mutate and a subset of test files to re-run during a regression mutation testing campaign. ReSuMo incrementally updates the mutation testing results considering the outcomes of the old program version; in this way, it can speed up mutation testing on evolving projects without compromising the mutation score
Headache and Horner’s syndrome as isolated manifestation of intracranial carotid artery dissection
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