1,721,014 research outputs found
Crescita e shrinkage nelle città e nei territori interni
No full textIl libro analizza il fenomeno della contrazione urbana in Italia e individua le criticità connesse ad uno sviluppo urbano sproporzionato rispetto alle dinamiche demografiche. Si propone di stimolare il lettore all’affinamento della tecnica urbanistica, tramite strumenti GIS, nello studio di tali processi a supporto delle politiche di piano. In particolare, il libro si concentra sulla misurazione della pressione antropica nelle città e nei territori interni caratterizzati da processi di spopolamento a medio-lungo termine. In particolare vengono approfonditi i casi di tre cluster di comuni medio-piccoli nel Nord Italia dalla cui analisi emerge un quadro di grave criticità nei territori rurali, per i quali è necessario individuare con urgenza modelli di pianificazione sostenibili
Performance-based spatial monitoring. An interpretative model for long-term shrinking medium-small Italian towns
Full text linkThe paper illustrates a GIS-based methodology to identify, among medium-small Italian towns, shrinking clusters characterised by homogeneous shrinking patterns in a 25-year-time frame. This methodology main goal is to act as a preliminary cognitive tool to which urban policies may refer to, providing support in the related decision-making process and encouraging efficient management of social, economic and environmental resources in small deprived contexts. The definition of the methodology foresees the following three main steps: 1) The mapping of demographic decline dynamics in a 25-year-time frame. 2) The identification of performance-based indicators which are involved in population loss in medium-small Italian towns. 3) The setting up of a performance-based interpretative scheme for classifying medium-small Italian towns in clusters having similar decline patterns. This contribution finally suggests a possible further application of the illustrated methodology as an urban planning efficiency monitoring tool, highlighting the main unsustainable trends connected to urban sprawl and to the continuous decrease in urban densities
Città in contrazione. Modelli interpretativi per ambiti urbani di piccole e medie dimensioni in Italia dal 1990 al 2016
No full textIl libro analizza il fenomeno della contrazione urbana, anche noto come urban shrinkage, a livello globale e italiano. Si propone di stimolare il lettore, studente, studioso o professionista della materia, allo studio dei fenomeni urbani e alle rapide e recenti trasformazioni che hanno influenzato l’organizzazione socioeconomica e spaziale della città. Sono approfonditi i moventi principali, le modalità e le tendenze alla riduzione delle densità insediative, l’aumento delle disuguaglianze, il declino della popolazione e delle attività rurali, i metodi di mappatura del fenomeno e gli indicatori di prestazione. L’aggravarsi di tali fenomeni è questione fortemente attuale data l’emergenza ambientale dei cambiamenti climatici; nonostante ciò il continuo e persistente consumo di suolo avanza e porta a sistemi urbani sempre più rarefatti e insostenibili
Exploring the 15-minute neighbourhoods. An evaluation based on the walkability performance to public facilities
Full text linkRecent trends in urban policies are rediscovering a new focus on different urban life models that exclude the obsolete vehicle model and lead to renewed attention on the proximity dimension and active mobility. This vision takes concrete form in the concept of the 15-minute city model, focused on pedestrian accessibility from one's home to nearby urban services and spaces. In this perspective, the paper aims at exploring the theme of 15-minute cities through a GIS-based model to evaluate pedestrian accessibility to neighbourhood facilities. The implemented methodology integrates the assessment of walking distances, considering the time factor as crucial, and mapping the resident population. The method is then applied to measure the current performances of an existing neighbourhood in Parma from the 15 minutes city perspective, assessing accessibility based on home-facility travel times and the resident population distribution within reach. A reflection is proposed on what has been learned and on the possible contribution that the method can bring to monitoring the 15-minute city and to urban planning
Towards more walkable streets. An assessment method applied to school areas in Parma
No full textIt is well known that urban areas near schools are often characterised by excessive motorised traffic, making access to school facilities difficult and dangerous on foot, especially for children. Increasing walkability of these areas can indeed lead to multiple benefits: safer streets, cleaner air, a more pleasant public space that encourages social uses and the adoption of healthier lifestyles. For these reasons, scientific literature has recently focused on school streets/squares, and their possible regeneration, also through tactical urbanism. Even Italian legislation have recently introduced the concept of “school zones”. Methods and tools are, therefore, needed to delimitate these zones and assess their walkability and quality to select appropriate interventions. Within this framework, the paper applies a GIS-based methodology to calculate a School Walkability Index (SWI), providing a score for catchment areas around schools. The method is applied in the 3-, 10- and 15-minute pedestrian isochrones around primary schools in Parma. Data to perform the walkability assessment have been collected through in-field inspections. This evaluation enables the identification of low walkability levels and punctual criticalities. The outcomes of the research can be helpful to public administrations engaged in improving school accessibility and the social vocation of the surrounding public spaces
Osservatori Locali del Paesaggio in Emilia Romagna Sguardo in prospettiva
No full textThis contribution returns to the theme of Landscape Observatories by retracing the cultural premises that, since 2008, have favoured a multiplication of institutional or spontaneous initiatives throughout Europe. Two different approaches have been tried out, and progressively perfected: the first is quantitative, through the development of indicators, which pursues a scientific perspective of the landscape as a disjointed reality, and the second refers back to the tradition of regional geography, with more narrative-descriptive results. In light of the impact on territories due to globalisation, climate change, the development of communication techniques, population growth, as well as the increasingly consolidated practice of monitoring through integrated approaches, the reading of the landscape requires a more articulated vocabulary. With this in mind, the focus is on the activities of the Emilia-Romagna Regional Observatory for Landscape Quality and the network of the current seven local observatories located within the regional borders. In conclusion, four monitoring themes are identified, linked to some local peculiarities that may contribute to the development of identity and quality landscapes.
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)Il contributo torna sul tema degli Osservatori del Paesaggio ripercorrendone i presupposti culturali che, a partire del 2008 hanno favorito un moltiplicarsi di iniziative istituzionali o spontanee in tutta Europa. Si sono sperimentati, e progressivamente perfezionati, due differenti approcci: il primo di tipo quantitativo, attraverso la messa a punto di indicatori, che persegue una prospettiva scientifica del paesaggio come realtà disgregabile, e il secondo che rimanda alla tradizione della geografia regionale, con esiti più narrativo-descrittivi. Alla luce dell’impatto sui territori dovuto alla globalizzazione, al cambiamento climatico, allo sviluppo delle tecniche di comunicazione, alla crescita di popolazione, oltre che alla sempre più consolidata prassi di monitoraggio attraverso approcci integrati, la lettura del paesaggio necessita di un vocabolario più articolato. In quest’ottica, il focus si concentra sull’attività dell’Osservatorio Regionale della Qualità del Paesaggio dell’Emilia-Romagna e della rete degli attuali sette Osservatori locali dislocati all’interno dei confini regionali. In conclusione, si individuano quattro temi di monitoraggio legati ad alcune peculiarità locali che possano contribuire allo sviluppo di paesaggi identitari e di qualità
Soil de-sealing for cities' adaptation to climate change
No full textIt is well known that extreme heat waves or weather events combined with the increased soil consumption and sealing processes are significantly affecting urban systems especially the most exposed and vulnerable. These urban challenges call for specific mitigation and adaptation actions; soil de-sealing (i.e., the removal of the impermeable surfaces for the purpose of increasing green areas and restoring soil ecosystem functions) may be one of the possible solutions. However, this urban practice, to have meaningful outcomes, would need widespread and systematic application in urban areas that can be pursued only if supported by innovative programming and planning tools based on the construction of in-depth knowledge frameworks on the permeability and vulnerability of urban soils.
In this regard, the paper aims to outline a methodological approach, supported by GIS technology, to map in detail urban public soils and identify priority areas to be depaved. In particular, the method assesses the permeability of public land in relation to hydraulic and heat island hazard exposure of potentially vulnerable urban systems. The methodological approach is applied on a pilot case in the city of Parma to verify its potential and criticalities, with the final objective of creating a replicable procedure
How Are Medium-Sized Cities Implementing Their Smart City Governance? Experiences from the Emilia-Romagna Region
Full text linkWithin the smart city debate, this paper aims to reflect on whether and how medium-sized Italian cities are organizing their smart transition technically as well as administratively. The smart city concept was developed in the 1990s when major European cities began a smart transition through widespread urban regeneration projects and the introduction of advanced technologies applied not only to the physical city but also to governance, policymaking, and communication, involving multiple sectors of city administrations. In the last decade, medium-sized cities have also started this transition process, although with lower emphasis than metropolitan cities. In most medium-sized Italian cities, this transition, in accordance with national and regional guidelines, has sometimes led to competencies reorganization within local governments. Within this framework, the paper examines the tools with which medium-sized Italian cities’ administrations address the smart transformation in their territories, comparing a sample of 10 cities in Emilia-Romagna and considering policymaking, governance structure, past and current projects, and communication transparency. The expected result is therefore a systematic review of experiences to reconstruct a complex picture of the political and administrative choices that have led to the implementation or setting in motion of smart transformation processes to draw some useful lessons
Urban regeneration to enhance sustainable mobility. The 2018 Call for proposals of the Emilia-Romagna Region.
No full textUrban regeneration processes represent an opportunity to pursue a sustainable city model. From a
sustainable city perspective, the contribution to the redesign of public space and mobility infrastructures
and to the improvement of pedestrian and cycle accessibility to local public services is undoubtedly
significant. Within this framework, the Italian Region of Emilia-Romagna, promoted an Urban regeneration
Call in 2018 to which cities submitted project proposals concerning the redevelopment of both architectural
emergencies and public open spaces, paying particular attention to sustainable mobility issues. About 100
proposals have been submitted and several municipalities received funding. This paper analyses in particular
the proposals submitted by the provincial capital cities, through a comparative approach, focusing on
mobility, accessibility improvements and open space redevelopment. The aim is to highlight similarities and
differences in order to identify some common guiding principles for enhancing sustainable urban mobility
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