1,721,079 research outputs found
Obesity and anorexia as neuroendocrine disorders.
No full textExpression of appetite or the motivational drive toward an energy source is a highly regulated phenomenon in vertebrates. In humans, energy intake is not influenced solely by nutritional needs but also by emotional, social and cultural factors; however, over the long-term the cumulative match between energy expenditure and energy intake is tuned with high precision (Edholm, 1977). This phenomenon reflects an active regulatory process, termed energy homeostasis, that promotes stability in the amount of body energy stored in the form of fat, and it is considered essential for rigidly guarding the body weight around a set point. Abnormalities in the onset, periodicity, duration and magnitude of eating episodes generally underlie augmented appetite (Stunkard, 1996; Bray et al., 1990). Increased appetite, whether temporary, as seen clinically in transient bingeing, or permanent, invariably culminates in an increased rate of body weight gain and obesity (Kalra, 1997; Wadden, 1993; Perri et al., 1993; Bray, 1996). On the other hand, anorexia due to psychobiological causes (Stewart-Agras et al., 1984; Crisp, 1984) or in response to acute and chronic infections, inflammation and trauma is followed by severe loss of body weight (Moldawer et al., 1988; Plata-Salaman et al., 1991; Grunfeld et al., 1992)
Managing Cushing's disease: the state of the art.
No full textCushing's disease is a rare chronic disease caused by a pituitary adenoma, which leads to excess secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The over-production of ACTH leads to hyperstimulation of the adrenal glands and a chronic excess of cortisol, resulting in the signs and symptoms of a severe clinical state (Cushing's syndrome) that leads to significant morbidity, negative impacts on the patient's quality of life, and, if untreated, increased mortality. The management of patients with Cushing's disease is complicated by the heterogeneity of the condition, with signs and symptoms that overlap with those of other diseases, and high subclinical incidence rates. Controversies surrounding the tests used for screening and identifying patients with Cushing's disease add to the challenge of patient management. Surgical intervention to remove the adenoma is the first-line treatment for patients with Cushing's disease, but medical therapies are useful in patients who relapse or are unsuitable for surgery. The recent introduction of pasireotide, the first pituitary-directed medical therapy, expands the number of treatment options available for patients with Cushing's disease. This state-of-the-art review aims to provide an overview of the most recent scientific research and clinical information regarding Cushing's disease. Continuing research into improving the diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease will help to optimize patient management
Managing Cushing's disease: the state of the art.
No full textCushing's disease is a rare chronic disease caused by a pituitary adenoma, which leads to excess secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The over-production of ACTH leads to hyperstimulation of the adrenal glands and a chronic excess of cortisol, resulting in the signs and symptoms of a severe clinical state (Cushing's syndrome) that leads to significant morbidity, negative impacts on the patient's quality of life, and, if untreated, increased mortality. The management of patients with Cushing's disease is complicated by the heterogeneity of the condition, with signs and symptoms that overlap with those of other diseases, and high subclinical incidence rates. Controversies surrounding the tests used for screening and identifying patients with Cushing's disease add to the challenge of patient management. Surgical intervention to remove the adenoma is the first-line treatment for patients with Cushing's disease, but medical therapies are useful in patients who relapse or are unsuitable for surgery. The recent introduction of pasireotide, the first pituitary-directed medical therapy, expands the number of treatment options available for patients with Cushing's disease. This state-of-the-art review aims to provide an overview of the most recent scientific research and clinical information regarding Cushing's disease. Continuing research into improving the diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease will help to optimize patient management
Manifesto for the current understanding and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced hypopituitarism
No full textShort-term fasting abolishes the sex-related difference in GH and leptin secretion in humans.
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