1,721,004 research outputs found
Knowledge Construction : Non-standard Semantics and the Genesis of the Mind's Eyes
No full textVisual cognition is the the end result of a construction realised in the conditions of experience. It is direct and organic in nature because the product of neither simple mental associations nor reversible reasoning, but primarily the "harmonic" and targeted articulation of specific attractors at different embedded levels
How to treat post-operative complications: An evidence-based approach
No full textPost-operative complication can be defined as any deviation from the normal post-operative course. The majority of post-operative complications affects the subgroup of high-risk patients, and they are clearly associated with increased hospital length of stay and mortality. This review deals with the principal complications occurring during the post-operative period. In particular, we describe the preventive and management strategies to face pulmonary, cardiac, renal and neurological complications
The emergence of mind at the co-evolutive level
No full textAt the level of a biological network acting as a cognitive unity it is necessary to postulate the existence not only of specific pathways of observation and reasoning but also of simulation in view of the possible opening up of new languages. Hence the necessity to the recourse to the mathematics of non-standard: life is within life and precedes it, but in proportion to the correct construction of the Artwork and the successive edification of a Nature which is open to perceptual activity
The Embodied Meaning and the Unfolding of the Mind's Eyes
No full textA percept is something that lives and becomes, it possesses a biological complexity which is not to be explained simply in terms of the computations by a neural network classifying on the basis of very simple mechanisms, the analogue of which is to be found , for example, in some specific models studied at the level of statistical mechanics such as spin-glass models
Haemodynamic coherence in perioperative setting
No full textOver the last decade, there has been an increased interest in the use of goal-directed therapy (GDT) in patients undergoing high-risk surgery, and various haemodynamic monitoring tools have been developed to guide perioperative care. Both the complexity of the patient and surgical procedure need to be considered when deciding whether GDT will be beneficial. Ensuring optimum tissue perfusion is paramount in the perioperative period and relies on the coherence between both macrovascular and microvascular circulations. Although global haemodynamic parameters may be optimised with the use of GDT, microvascular impairment can still persist. This review will provide an overview of both haemodynamic optimisation and microvascular assessment in the perioperative period
Fluid bolus therapy: Monitoring and predicting fluid responsiveness
No full textPurpose of review When a condition of hypoperfusion has been identified, clinicians must decide whether fluids may increase blood flow or whether other therapeutic approaches are needed. For this purpose, several tests and parameters have been introduced in clinical practice to predict fluid responsiveness and guide therapy. Recent findings Fluid challenge is the gold standard test to assess the preload dependence of the patients. Moreover, several parameters and tests avoiding fluid administration are now available. Pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation are based on heart-lung interaction and can be used to assess fluid responsiveness. These parameters have several limitations and can really be used in a limited number of critically ill patients. End-expiratory occlusion test and passive leg raising have been proposed to overcome these limitations. The aim of resuscitation is to increase blood flow and perfusion pressure. Dynamic arterial elastance has been recently proposed to predict the pressure response after fluid challenge in preload-dependent patients. Finally, the effects of volume expansion of hemodynamic parameters do not necessarily reach the microcirculation, which should also be assessed. Summary Nowadays, several parameters are available to assess fluid responsiveness. Clinicians need to know all of them, with their limitations, without forgetting that the final aim of all therapies is to improve the microcirculation
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