1,721,302 research outputs found
Slow Is Better Than Fast? Usefulness of FEV1/Slow Vital Capacity <0.7 in the Identification of Asymptomatic Ever Smokers at Risk for COPD
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Session: "Treatment of smoking: Priorities for control of smoking in Italy", Wednesday 3 October 2007
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I centri antifumo in Italia e il progetto 6elle
No full textFumare tabacco si configura spesso come una dipendenza patologica, cronica e recidivante, che
è causata dalla nicotina (tabagismo). Favorire la cessazione del fumo dovrebbe essere parte integrante dell’approccio
clinico di ogni medico o altro operatore sanitario nell’ambito della sua pratica professionale quotidiana.
Le linee guida basate sull’evidenza scientifica raccomandano interventi di I e II livello per la cessazione del fumo,
efficaci e con ottimo rapporto costo/benefico. Il Pediatra si trova in una posizione privilegiata per poter svolgere
azioni volte a favorire la cessazione del fumo in soggetti fumatori adulti, perché questi in virtù della stretta relazione
con i pazienti pediatrici, possono essere più motivati ad intraprendere un tentativo di cessazione del fumo.
Questo articolo descrive brevemente la storia e le caratteristiche operative della rete dei centri antifumo in Italia,
come strutture di servizio per svolgere interventi di II livello, e descrive inoltre il progetto 6elle, che propone un
modello per svolgere interventi individuali di I livello per la cessazione del fumo, facilmente applicabile nella
pratica clinica e basato sull’uso di semplici strumenti operativi, accessibili attraverso un sito web dedicato e applicabili
seguendo una procedura modulare
Smoking cessation as a therapeutic and preventive intervention: A meeting report
No full textIn November 2000, a meeting took place on "Smoking cessation as a therapeutic and preventive intervention". The venue of the meeting was Venice, in the old Monastery of the Isola San Giorgio, and it was jointly organised by the Italian Association of Hospital Pulmonologists (AIPO) and the European Section of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT-Europe). The meeting was also sponsored by the European Respiratory Society (ERS). The importance of the topic cannot be underestimated. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) tobacco smoking is the most important cause of preventable death in the industrialised world. When tobacco smoking constitutes a repetitive and compulsive behaviour, for instance when a person continues smoking when suffering from a smoking related disease, it is due to tobacco dependence, which both WHO and the American Psychiatric Association classify as a disease. Tobacco smoking is not only a disease in itself but can also cause other diseases, such as chronic obstructive lung disease, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, and can worsen pre-existent disease, e.g. asthma. In the WHO European region, according to WHO estimates, tobacco smoking causes at least 1,200,000 death each year (14% of all deaths). So far, a preventive strategy based on protection of children and adolescents from initiation has not worked in decreasing the prevalence among young generations. Even with the best educational programs success is partial and ephemeral. Smoking cessation with behavioural and pharmacological aid is a well established therapeutic intervention, supported by strong scientific evidence. But smoking cessation can also be a preventive intervention, because it can reduce the prevalence of smokers in a community. Obviously, smoking cessation is to be used together with all other interventions recognised as effective in tobacco control (cigarette and tobacco product pricing, regulatory approaches, smoking bans, health education)
Study design
No full textThis chapter aims to present an overview of the various types of epidemiological study
designs available to the researcher.D esign options in epidemiology may be classified
according to different criteria, for instance the condition of observation (experimental
versus observational), the unit of data collection and analysis (group versus individual),
or the time dimension (cross-sectionavl ersusl ongitudinal). As can be seen (table 1) the
classification in the present chapter is performed according to the unit of data collection.
Intervention studies may be based on both group and individual data and are hence presented
separately.
The advantages and limitation of different study design are important, are often debatabie
and are emphasized in the text. Examples of the varies study design are given.
Finally the chapter contains a practical approach fo'tlie inexperienced researcher for
how to plan and conduct an epidemiological survey.
The present chapter does not intend to cover these areas in full detail. For such a purpose
the reader is encouraged to consult available textbooks and scientific journal publications
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, genetic predisposition and environmental factors: The importance of epidemiological research
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