1,478 research outputs found
Questions for the Psychology of the Artful Mind
No full textThis paper reconstructs the “Arnheim’s puzzle” over the psychology of art. It is argued that the long-established psychological theories of art do not account properly for the observable variability of art, which provide the phenomena of interest whose psychological factors need to be discovered. The general purpose principles of such theories, the ensuing selective sample of art phenomena, and assumption of conventional properties of aesthetic experience make the predictions and the findings of the theories unrepresentative of art. From the discussion of examples drawn from contemporary visual arts and the presentation of the debate on the emergence of the cognitive capacities of art in paleoanthropology, a construct is presented on the specificity of the cognitive capacities of art and its anchoring to perception, which solves the puzzle and has implications for research and teaching psychology of art
Ottica e pittura
No full textOttica e pittura è la rielaborazione delle conferenze sulla pittura tenute da von Helmholtz a Berlino, Düsseldorf e Colonia dal 1871 al 1873, pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1876. Si presenta qui la prima traduzione italiana di un testo che discute della relazione reciproca tra arte e scienza e che testimonia la fiducia nella divulgazione del pensiero scientifico e tecnologico con cui von Helmholtz contribuì a definire la cultura della Germania del XIX secolo
Philosophical, Experimental and Synthetic Phenomenology: The Study of Perception for Biological, Artificial Agents and Environments
No full textIn this paper the relationship between phenomenology of perception and synthetic phenomenology is discussed. Synthetic phenomenology is presented on the basis of the issues in A.I. and Robotics that required to address the question of what enables artificial agents to have phenomenal access to the environment. Phenomenology of perception is construed as a theory with autonomous structure and domain, which can be embedded in a philosophical as well as a scientific theory. Two attempts at specifying the phenomenal content of artificial agents are discussed. Concepts and experimental evidence on the independence of perception and the coordination of motion and appearances are set out to submit that phenomenology of perception makes a contribution to synthetic phenomenology
Intuition
No full textIntuition encompasses questions debated throughout philosophy. This entry treats intuition as a name for cognitive capacities according to the theory in which it is introduced
Evidence//Intuibility
No full textThe concept of evidence is implied by distinct kinds of cognitive and reasoning processes carried out in ordinary experience or in specialized domains of knowledge, like science, philosophy, logic and mathematics. Theories have been developed along three orthogonal axes. Along the first axis, theories are located according to their view on evidence as a necessary and sufficient condition for knowledge. Along the second axis, theories are located according to the cognitive characterization of evidence. On the third axis, theories are distinguished by the individuation of the bearers of evidence
Organization
No full textOrganization is the explanandum that philosophical and scientific theories take into account for objects, individuals and their assembly, whose structure is characterized by the interdependence of parts to such an extent that it cannot be explained through decomposition. Organization is a critical attribute of nearly, minimally and not decomposable systems. The more interdependent are the parts, the more integrated is the system. Correspondingly, the organization can be intended as the mark of the trade-off between the interaction among parts or sub-systems and within them. Organization may come about in many forms. the concept of organization has been brought in many domains to advocate the structural specificity of the phenomena of interest and to demand the autonomy of the correlated theory
Eidetics
No full textThe term eidetics denotes the domain of eidetic imagery and its study. The standard phenomenon of eidetic imagery consists in seeing a stimulus that is no longer present, when the experimenter is allowed to infer from subjects’ reports or experimental protocols that “seeing” is different from remembering or experiencing an after-image. After a prolonged period from mid-1930 to about 1960 in which the interest in this phenomenon had died out, research was resumed on the grounds of findings which seemed to point at the ability of extracting information from no longer present stimuli, which showed to be different from sensory and recognition memory. The functional role of eidetic imagery in connection to cognitive processes seems still elusive
Perception / percept
No full textThe term perception denotes the capacity of grasping something that to the common sense belongs to external world, which is the stable and persistent collection of things that are the natural and man-made furniture of the environment. Perception denotes also the capacity of sensing something, like warmth or pain, that is the effect of an external or internal cause localized on or inside one’s own body. Therefore, perception has subjective and objective factors as constituents of its conditions of satisfaction. The activity of perception is describable in terms of the percept, namely the objective constituent of its conditions of satisfactio
Shape
No full textIn geometry, shape is the object of theorems associated to a class of transformations. It corresponds to the invariant properties of regions, figures, solids, which are not altered by transformations. The concept of shape implies the concepts of space, upon which transformations are acted, and metric, if distance is preserved, or a measurement function. The invariant properties of shape are fundamental to perception too. However, the classes of transformations build a hierarchy along which shape is more and more abstract from the Euclidean to the topological group, and accordingly, a greater number of perceptual properties are being lost. The science of perception addresses also the question about the perceptual primitives for shape recognition
Drawing
No full textA drawing is the result of the production of marks on a surface with suitable means to represent a scene, concrete or abstract objects for technological, scientific, artistic, communicative aims. Some theories claimed that drawing is founded on symbolic systems that are culture-dependent. Evidence has been found that the ability of recognizing what drawings represent is widespread across ages, cultures and species. Drawing may be founded on shared cognitive capacities. These capacities can be abstractly described as the graphic and the denotation system
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